Vladimir Ivanovich Rebikov |

Vladimir Rebikov

Tag nrho kuv lub neej kuv tau npau suav cov duab tshiab. A. Bely

Nyob rau xyoo 1910s ntawm txoj kev ntawm Yalta ib tus tuaj yeem ntsib qhov siab, qhov txawv ntawm tus txiv neej uas ib txwm taug kev nrog ob lub kaus - dawb los ntawm lub hnub thiab dub los ntawm nag. Qhov ntawd yog tus composer thiab pianist V. Rebikov. Tau ua lub neej luv luv, tab sis tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab cov rooj sib tham, tam sim no nws tab tom nrhiav kev nyob ib leeg thiab kev thaj yeeb. Tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm lub siab xav tshiab, tus neeg nrhiav "ntxhais tshiab", tus kws sau nkauj uas nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev ua ntej ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav hauv kev siv tus kheej txhais tau tias, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, K. Debussy - Rebikov raug kev txom nyem txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug tshuab raj unrecognized nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws.

Rebikov yug hauv tsev neeg nyob ze rau kev kos duab (nws niam thiab cov viv ncaus yog pianists). Nws kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow University (Faculty of Philology). Nws kawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm N. Klenovsky (ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm P. Tchaikovsky), thiab tom qab ntawd mob siab rau 3 xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav los kawm txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab suab paj nruag hauv Berlin thiab Vienna raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws qhia paub zoo - K. Meyerberger (music theory), O. Yasha (instrumentation), T. Muller (piano).

Twb tau nyob rau xyoo ntawd, Rebikov qhov kev txaus siab rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov lus, suab paj nruag thiab pleev xim tau yug los. Nws kawm cov paj huam ntawm Lavxias teb sab symbolists, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog V. Bryusov, thiab paintings ntawm txawv teb chaws ntxias ntawm tib txoj kev - A. Böcklin, F. Stuck, M. Klninger. Xyoo 1893-1901. Rebikov qhia ntawm cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv Moscow, Kyiv, Odessa, Chisinau, qhia nws tus kheej txhua qhov chaw raws li tus kws qhia ntawv ci ntsa iab. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub creation ntawm lub Society ntawm Lavxias teb sab Composers (1897-1900) - thawj Lavxias teb sab composers 'lub koom haum. Rau thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, lub ncov ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws take-off ntawm Rebikov lub composing thiab artistic kev ua si ntog. Nws muab ntau thiab kev ua yeeb yam zoo nyob txawv teb chaws - hauv Berlin thiab Vienna, Prague thiab Leipzig, Florence thiab Paris, ua tiav kev lees paub ntawm cov suab paj nruag txawv teb chaws xws li C. Debussy, M. Calvocoressi, B. Kalensky, O. Nedbal, Z. Neyedly , I. Pizzetti thiab lwm tus.

Nyob rau theem ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Rebikov, opera "Yelka", yog ua tiav staged. Cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm sau thiab sib tham txog nws. Lub neej luv luv lub koob meej ntawm Rebikov ploj mus nyob rau hauv cov xyoo thaum lub peev xwm ntawm Scriabin thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas Prokofiev tau tshwm sim muaj zog. Tab sis txawm tom qab ntawd Rebikov tsis nco qab tag nrho, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm V. Nemirovich-Danchenko qhov kev txaus siab rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab, Lub Zej Zog ntawm Nobles (raws li qhov tshiab los ntawm I. Turgenev).

Cov qauv ntawm Rebikov cov ntawv sau (10 operas, 2 ballets, ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm piano thiab daim, romances, suab paj nruag rau menyuam yaus) yog tag nrho ntawm qhov sib txawv. Nws sib xyaw cov kab lig kev cai ntawm lub siab dawb paug thiab unpretentious Lavxias teb sab lus txhua hnub (nws tsis yog tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas P. Tchaikovsky teb zoo heev rau Rebikov lub tswv yim debut, uas pom nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais composer lub suab paj nruag "muaj peev xwm heev ... paj huam, zoo nkauj harmonies thiab zoo kawg li suab paj nruas ingenuity" ) thiab bold innovative daring. Qhov no tau pom meej meej thaum muab piv rau Rebikov thawj zaug, tseem yooj yim sau (piano lub voj voog "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" mob siab rau Tchaikovsky, suab paj nruag rau menyuam yaus, opera "Yolka", thiab lwm yam) nrog nws cov haujlwm tom qab ("Sketches of Moods, Suab paj huam, Dawb) Cov nkauj "rau piano, opera Tshuaj yej thiab Abyss, thiab lwm yam), nyob rau hauv uas cov lus qhia txhais tau hais tias tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshiab artistic txav ntawm lub xyoo pua 50, xws li symbolism, impressionism, expressionism, tuaj ua ntej. Cov hauj lwm no kuj yog tshiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Rebikov: "melomimics, meloplastics, suab paj nruag recitations, suab paj nruas-psychographic ua yeeb yam." Rebikov cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim kuj suav nrog ntau cov ntawv sau uas muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag: "Kev kaw suab paj nruag ntawm kev xav, Suab paj nruag nyob rau XNUMX xyoo, Orpheus thiab Bacchantes", thiab lwm yam. Rebikov paub yuav ua li cas "ua thawj thiab tib lub sijhawm yooj yim thiab siv tau, thiab qhov no yog nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov suab paj nruag Lavxias.

Hais txog. Tompakova

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam (music-psychological and psychographic dramas) – Nyob rau hauv ib tug thunderstorm (raws li zaj dab neeg "Lub hav zoov yog nrov" Korolenko, op. 5, 1893, post. 1894, Lub nroog thauj, Odessa), Ntxhais fuabtais Mary (raws li zaj dab neeg "Lub Hero ntawm Peb lub sij hawm "Lermontov, tsis tiav.), tsob ntoo Christmas (raws li zaj dab neeg "Tus Ntxhais nrog Matches" los ntawm Andersen thiab zaj dab neeg "Tus Tub ntawm Tswv Yexus ntawm tsob ntoo Christmas" los ntawm Dostoevsky, op. 21, 1900, post. 1903, ME Medvedev's enterprise, tr "Aquarium", Moscow; 1905, Kharkov), Tshuaj yej (raws li cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov paj huam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm A. Vorotnikov, op. 34, 1904), Abyss (lib. R. ., raws li zaj dab neeg ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm LN Andreev, op. 40, 1907), Poj niam nrog ib tug Dagger (lib. R., raws li zaj dab neeg luv luv ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm A. Schnitzler, op. 41, 1910 ), Alpha and Omega (lib. R., op. 42, 1911), Narcissus (lib. R., based on Metamorphoses “Ovid in the translation of TL Shchepkina-Kupernik, op. 45, 1912), Arachne (lib. R., raws li Ovid's Metamorphoses, op. 49, 1915), Noble Nest (lib. R., raws li ib tug tshiab los ntawm IS Turgenev, op. 55, 1916), menyuam yaus extravaganza Tub Vaj Ntxwv Zoo Nkauj thiab Ntxhais Nkauj Ntsuab Zoo Nkauj (1900s); tus neeg dhia tes - Daus Dawb (raws li zaj dab neeg "Tus Huab tais Daus" los ntawm Andersen); tej daim rau piano, hu nkauj; romances, nkauj rau cov me nyuam (rau cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam); kev npaj ntawm Czech thiab Slovak nkauj, thiab lwm yam.

Literary tej hauj lwm: Orpheus and the Bacchantes, “RMG”, 1910, No 1; Tom qab 50 xyoo, ibid., 1911, No. 1-3, 6-7, 13-14, 17-19, 22-25; Musical Recordings of Feeling, ibid., 1913, No 48.

References: Karatygin VG, VI Rebikov, “In 7 days”, 1913, No 35; Stremin M., Hais txog Rebikov, “Artistic Life”, 1922, No 2; Berberov R., (foreword), in ed.: Rebikov V., Pieces for Piano, Notebook 1, M., 1968.