Andrey Yakovlevich Eshpay |

Andrey Eshpay

Ib qho kev sib haum xeeb - lub ntiaj teb hloov pauv ... Lub suab ntawm txhua lub teb chaws yuav tsum suab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb polyphony, thiab qhov no ua tau yog tias tus kws kos duab - kws sau ntawv, tus neeg pleev kob, kws sau paj huam - qhia nws txoj kev xav thiab kev xav hauv nws hom lus piv txwv. Ntau lub teb chaws tus kws kos duab yog, ntau tus neeg nws yog. A. Eshpay

Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, tus kws kos duab biography nws tus kheej tau txiav txim siab txog kev hwm rau tus thawj hauv kev kos duab. Tus kws sau ntawv txiv, Y. Eshpay, yog ib tus tsim ntawm Mari kev ua suab paj nruag, instilled nyob rau hauv nws tus tub ib tug hlub rau pej xeem kos duab nrog nws selfless ua hauj lwm. Raws li A. Eshpay hais tias, “Txiv leej txiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb, sib sib zog nqus, txawj ntse thiab tactful, coj tus cwj pwm - tus kws ntaus nkauj muaj peev xwm tsis lees paub tus kheej. Ib tug zoo connoisseur ntawm folklore, nws zoo nkaus li mus deb li ib tug sau, pom nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv conveying rau tib neeg kev zoo nkauj thiab grandeur ntawm pej xeem xav. Nws pom tau hais tias nws tsis yooj yim sua kom haum rau Mari pentatonic nplai ... rau lwm yam kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev ywj pheej, tab sis neeg txawv teb chaws rau pej xeem kev kos duab. Kuv yeej ib txwm paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kuv txiv txoj hauj lwm. "

A. Eshpay txij li thaum yau tau nqus cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov neeg sib txawv ntawm thaj av Volga, tag nrho cov suab paj nruag-epic ntawm thaj tsam Ugric hnyav. Kev ua tsov ua rog tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau nkauj - nws poob nws tus tij laug, nws lub cim xeeb tau mob siab rau zaj nkauj zoo nkauj "Muscovites" ("Earring with Malaya Bronna"), cov phooj ywg. Nyob rau hauv lub reconnaissance platoon, Eshpay koom nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Warsaw, nyob rau hauv lub Berlin lag luam. Cov lus qhia suab paj nruag cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog rov pib dua ntawm Moscow Conservatory, qhov twg Eshpay kawm muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog N. Rakov, N. Myaskovsky, E. Golubev thiab piano nrog V. Sofronitsky. Nws ua tiav nws cov kev kawm tiav qib siab raws li kev taw qhia ntawm A. Khachaturian hauv 1956.

Lub sijhawm no, Symphonic Dances ntawm Mari Themes (1951), Hungarian Melodies rau violin thiab orchestra (1952), Thawj Piano Concerto (1954, 2nd edition - 1987), Thawj Violin Concerto (1956) tau tsim. Cov hauj lwm no coj lub koob meej rau tus kws sau ntawv, qhib lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, muaj tswv yim refracted lub precepts ntawm nws cov xib fwb. Nws yog yam ntxwv uas Khachaturian, uas instilled nyob rau hauv nws, raws li lub composer, ib tug "saj rau scale", feem ntau cuam tshuam rau Eshpai lub tswv yim txog kev hais kwv txhiaj hom.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia yog Thawj Violin Concerto nrog nws temperamental explosiveness, freshness, immediacy nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawm kev xav, qhib hais lus rau pej xeem thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem. Eshpay tseem nyob ze rau Khachaturian nrog nws txoj kev hlub rau cov style ntawm M. Ravel, uas tau hais tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm piano (Thawj Piano Concerto, Thawj Piano Sonatina - 1948). Kev sib haum xeeb, kev xav tshiab, kev sib kis ntawm kev xav thiab kev ua siab dawb siab zoo kuj koom ua ke cov tswv no.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Myaskovsky yog ib feem tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Eshpay. Kev ncaj ncees txoj hauj lwm, cov duab ntawm ib tug zoo heev Soviet suab paj nruag, ib tug tiag tiag keeper thiab hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm kev lig kev cai, tau los ua ib tug zoo tagnrho rau nws cov thwjtim. Tus kws sau ntawv tseem ua siab ncaj rau Myaskovsky cov lus qhuab qhia: "yuav tsum ua siab ncaj, mob siab rau kev kos duab thiab coj tus kheej txoj kab." Memorial tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Myaskovsky yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv: Organ Passacaglia (1950), Variations rau Orchestra ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm Myaskovsky's Sixteenth Symphony (1966), Ob Violin Concerto (1977), Viola Concerto (1987-88), nyob rau hauv uas cov khoom ntawm lub cev Passacaglia tau siv. Myaskovsky tus cwj pwm ntawm Eshpay tus cwj pwm rau pej xeem yog qhov tseem ceeb heev: ua raws li nws tus kws qhia ntawv, tus kws sau ntawv tuaj rau kev txhais lus ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, mus rau kev sib sau ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv hauv kab lis kev cai. Lub npe ntawm Myaskovsky kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev thov rau lwm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev lig kev cai rau Eshpay, uas tau rov ua dua nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv, pib nrog lub ballet "Lub voj voog" ("Nco ntsoov!" - 1979), - Znamenny hu nkauj. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub Plaub (1980), Fifth (1986), thib rau ("Liturgical" Symphony (1988), Choral Concerto (1988) nws personifies, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub harmonious, enlightened, ethos lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov khoom qub ntawm Lub teb chaws tus kheej-consciousness, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, tshwj xeeb qhov tseem ceeb tau txais lwm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Eshpay txoj hauj lwm - lyrical.Rooted nyob rau hauv cov tsoos, nws yeej tsis tig mus rau hauv ib tug neeg txoj kev xav, nws inalienable qualities yog hais txog kev ceev thiab nruj, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev qhia, thiab feem ntau muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog pej xeem intonations.

Txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov tub rog lub ntsiab lus, hom kev nco txog, qhov kev thov rov qab mus rau cov xwm txheej - txawm tias nws yog kev ua tsov ua rog, cov hnub nco txog keeb kwm - yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab cov nkauj yeej ib txwm nyob hauv lawv qhov kev nkag siab. Tej hauj lwm xws li Thawj (1959), Thib Ob (1962) symphonies, imbued nrog lub teeb (lub epigraph ntawm Thawj - cov lus ntawm V. Mayakovsky "Peb yuav tsum wrest kev xyiv fab los ntawm cov hnub tom ntej", lub epigraph ntawm lub thib ob - "Ntawv qhuas. mus rau lub teeb "), lub cantata "Lenin nrog peb" (1968), uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nws daim ntawv loj-zoo li catchiness, rhetorical brightness nyob rau hauv kev qhia thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lyrical toj roob hauv pes, nteg lub hauv paus rau ib tug thawj stylistic fusion ntawm oratorical thiab lyrical, lub hom phiaj thiab tus kheej, tseem ceeb rau cov hauj lwm loj ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm "kev quaj ntsuag thiab lub yeeb koob, kev hlub thiab kev qhuas" (D. Likhachev), yog li tseem ceeb rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias thaum ub, tau txuas ntxiv mus rau ntau hom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov thib peb Symphony (Nyob rau hauv Memory ntawm Kuv Txiv, 1964), lub thib ob Violin thiab Viola Concerto, ib hom ntawm lub voj voog loj - Plaub, Tsib thiab thib rau Symphonies, choral Concerto. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus lyrical tau txais cov cim thiab kev xav ntawm kev xav, ntau thiab ntau purification los ntawm txhua yam sab nraud, cov ntsiab lus-superficial, lub cim nco txog yog hnav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zaj lus piv txwv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm fairytale-folklore thiab romantic-heroic narration nyob rau hauv lub ballet Angara (1975) mus rau lub generalized imagery ntawm lub ceeb toom ballet Circle (Nco ntsoov!). Qhov tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm-kev mob siab rau imbued nrog ib tug tragic, tej zaum kev quaj ntsuag lub ntsiab lus yog ua ntau thiab ntau pom tseeb. Kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam rau qhov zoo no yog ua raws li tus neeg sau lub luag haujlwm rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab kab lis kev cai. Lub quintessence ntawm kev xav yog "Cov Nkauj ntawm Roob thiab Meadow Mari" (1983). Qhov kev sib sau no, nrog rau Concerto rau oboe thiab orchestra (1982), tau txais txiaj ntsig Lenin nqi zog.

Lub hom phiaj-lyrical intonation thiab "choral" suab xim lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj ib hom ntawv, uas embodies tus kheej lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Qhia nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv - ib tug memorial, ib tug xav xav, nyob rau hauv kev ua si ntawm folklore, nyob rau hauv ib tug rov hais dua mus rau ib tug rethought qauv ntawm ib tug qub concerto grosso, lub ntsiab lus no yeej ib txwm tiv thaiv los ntawm tus composer. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj ib hom ntawv nyeem, xws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam compositions, tus composer tsim playful motifs, festivity, theatricality, lightness ntawm cov xim, thiab lub siab tawv lub zog ntawm atherosclerosis. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv Concerto rau Orchestra (1966), Ob Piano (1972), Oboe (1982) Concertos, thiab Concerto rau Saxophone (1985-86) tuaj yeem hu ua "portrait of improvisation". "Ib qho kev sib haum xeeb - lub ntiaj teb hloov pauv" - cov lus no los ntawm tus neeg ntaus pob "Lub voj voog" tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau tus tswv txoj haujlwm. Kev hloov ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, kev ua koob tsheej hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab lub ntiaj teb nyuaj yog tshwj xeeb rau tus neeg sau.

Ib txhij nrog lub embodiment ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm kev lig kev cai, Eshpay invariably tig mus rau tus tshiab thiab tsis paub. Cov organic sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tsoos thiab cov tshiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov kev xav ntawm cov txheej txheem sau thiab nyob rau hauv lub composer txoj hauj lwm nws tus kheej. Qhov dav thiab kev ywj pheej hauv kev nkag siab txog cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim tau cuam tshuam los ntawm txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom siv. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub ntsiab lus jazz thiab cov lus nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Jazz rau nws yog nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm suab paj nruag nws tus kheej, nrog rau cov lus dab neeg. Tus kws sau nkauj tau them nyiaj ntau rau cov nkauj loj thiab nws cov teeb meem, lub teeb suab paj nruag, kos duab ua yeeb yaj kiab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm, ib qho ntawm cov tswv yim ywj pheej. Lub ntiaj teb ntawm suab paj nruag thiab kev muaj tiag tshwm sim hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov organic: raws li tus kws sau nkauj, "lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj ntawm cov suab paj nruag tsis raug kaw, tsis nyob ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas nws lub npe yog lub neej."

M. Lobanova