Edward William Elgar |

Edward Elgar

Elgar. Violin Concerto. Allegro (Jascha Heifetz)

Elgar… yog nyob rau hauv lus Askiv music dab tsi Beethoven yog nyob rau hauv German suab paj nruag. B. Shaw

E. Elgar - tus kws sau ntawv Askiv loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tig ntawm XIX-XX centuries. Kev tsim thiab kev vam meej ntawm nws cov dej num muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub sijhawm ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv siab tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv thaum lub sijhawm huab tais Victoria kav. Cov txuj ci thiab kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm Askiv kab lis kev cai thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm bourgeois-kev ywj pheej ywj pheej tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab. Tab sis yog tias lub tsev kawm ntawv nyeem hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau muab cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm C. Dickens, W. Thackeray, T. Hardy, O. Wilde, B. Shaw, ces suab paj nruag nyuam qhuav pib rov qab los tom qab yuav luag ob puas xyoo ntawm kev ntsiag to. Ntawm cov thawj tiam ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Askiv Renaissance, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Elgar, uas nws txoj haujlwm ua rau pom tseeb txog kev cia siab thiab kev ua siab ntev ntawm Victorian era. Hauv qhov no nws nyob ze rau R. Kipling.

Elgar lub tebchaws yog lub xeev Askiv, thaj tsam ntawm lub nroog Worcester, tsis deb ntawm Birmingham. Tom qab tau txais nws thawj zaug kev kawm suab paj nruag los ntawm nws txiv, tus kws kho mob thiab tus tswv ntawm lub khw muag suab paj nruag, Elgar tau tsim nws tus kheej ntxiv, kawm cov hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm hauv kev xyaum. Tsuas yog xyoo 1882 tus kws sau ntawv tau xeem dhau qhov kev xeem ntawm Royal Academy of Music hauv London hauv chav kawm violin thiab hauv cov suab paj nruag theoretical. Twb yog thaum yau, nws txawj ntaus suab paj nruag ntau yam - nkauj laus ncas, piano, xyoo 1885 nws hloov nws txiv los ua ib tug neeg koom txoos. Lub xeev Askiv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus saib xyuas ncaj ncees ntawm lub teb chaws suab paj nruag thiab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, choral kab lig kev cai. Ib lub network loj ntawm cov koom haum ua haujlwm thiab cov koom haum tau tuav cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm qib siab. Nyob rau hauv 1873, Elgar pib nws txoj hauj lwm ua ib tug violinist nyob rau hauv Worcester Glee Club (choral zej zog), thiab los ntawm 1882 nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws hometown raws li ib tug accompanist thiab conductor ntawm ib tug amateur orchestra. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus kws sau nkauj tau tsim ntau lub suab paj nruag rau cov neeg nyiam ua si, piano pieces thiab chamber ensembles, kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm classics thiab contemporaries, thiab ua ib tug pianist thiab organist. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 80s. thiab mus txog rau xyoo 1929, Elgar hloov pauv nyob hauv ntau lub nroog, suav nrog London thiab Birmingham (qhov uas nws qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau 3 xyoos), thiab ua tiav nws lub neej hauv nws lub tebchaws - hauv Worcester.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Elgar rau keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag Askiv yog txiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm ob qho kev sau: lub oratorio Tus Npau Suav ntawm Gerontius (1900, ntawm st. J. Newman) thiab symphonic Variations ntawm lub ntsiab lus Enigmatic (Enigma Variations {Enigma (lat. ) - riddle. }, 1899), uas tau los ua qhov siab ntawm lus Askiv suab paj nruag romanticism. Lub oratorio "Tus Npau Suav ntawm Gerontius" tsis yog tsuas yog kev txhim kho ntev ntawm cantata-oratorio hom hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Elgar nws tus kheej (4 oratorios, 4 cantatas, 2 odes), tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev hwm tag nrho txoj kev ntawm lus Askiv choral suab paj nruag ua ntej. nws. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws Renaissance kuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv oratorio - ib qho kev txaus siab rau cov lus dab neeg. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas, tom qab mloog "Tus Npau Suav ntawm Gerontius", R. Strauss tau tshaj tawm lub ci ci "mus rau txoj kev vam meej thiab kev vam meej ntawm thawj cov lus Askiv vam meej Edward Elgar, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv Askiv." Tsis zoo li Enigma oratorio, cov kev hloov pauv tau tso lub hauv paus pob zeb rau lub teb chaws symphonism, uas ua ntej Elgar yog thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws ntawm Askiv suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. "Enigma variations ua tim khawv tias nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm Elgar lub teb chaws tau pom ib tug orchestral composer ntawm thawj loj," sau ib tug ntawm cov lus Askiv tshawb fawb. Qhov "tsis paub meej" ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv yog tias cov npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv cov phooj ywg raug muab zais rau hauv lawv, thiab cov ntsiab lus suab paj nruag ntawm lub voj voog tseem zais ntawm qhov pom. (Tag nrho cov no yog reminiscent ntawm "Sphinxes" los ntawm "Carnival" los ntawm R. Schumann.) Elgar kuj yog tus tswv thawj lus Askiv symphony (1908).

Ntawm cov kws sau nkauj ntau yam haujlwm ua yeeb yam (overtures, suites, concertos, thiab lwm yam), Violin Concerto (1910) sawv tawm - ib qho ntawm cov nkauj nrov tshaj plaws ntawm hom no.

Elgar txoj hauj lwm yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim ntawm suab paj nruag romanticism. Synthesizing lub teb chaws thiab Western European, feem ntau Austro-German influences, nws dais cov yam ntxwv ntawm lyrical-psychological thiab epic cov lus qhia. Tus kws sau ntawv ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm leitmotifs, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm R. Wagner thiab R. Strauss tau pom meej meej.

Elgar lub suab paj nruag yog melodically charming, muaj yeeb yuj, muaj ib tug ci yam ntxwv, nyob rau hauv symphonic tej hauj lwm nws attracts orchestral txawj, subtlety ntawm instrumentation, manifestation ntawm romantic xav. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Elgar tau nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm European.

Ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm nws cov nkauj yog cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag - tus thawj coj H. Richter, violinists F. Kreisler thiab I. Menuhin. Feem ntau hais lus txawv teb chaws, tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej tau sawv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Nyob rau hauv Russia, Elgar cov hauj lwm tau pom zoo los ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov thiab A. Glazunov.

Tom qab lub creation ntawm Violin Concerto, lub composer txoj hauj lwm maj mam poob, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej ua nws cov hauj lwm revive. Nws sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm compositions rau cua tshuab, sketches lub thib peb Symphony, lub Piano Concerto, lub opera Spanish poj niam. Elgar dim nws lub yeeb koob, thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws lub npe tau dhau los ua lus dab neeg, lub cim muaj sia nyob thiab kev txaus siab ntawm Askiv suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai.

G. Zhdanova