Max Reger |

Max Rau

Reger yog lub cim ntawm ib lub sijhawm, tus choj ntawm ntau pua xyoo. E. Otto

Lub neej luv luv ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag German - tus kws sau nkauj, pianist, tus neeg saib xyuas, tus kws qhia ntawv, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus kws tshawb fawb - M. Reger tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm xyoo XNUMX-XNUMXth. Tau pib nws txoj hauj lwm hauv kev kos duab nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog kev nyiam romanticism, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Wagnerian style, Reger los ntawm qhov pib pom lwm yam, classical ideals - feem ntau nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm JS Bach. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev xav romantic nrog kev vam khom rau kev tsim kho, pom tseeb, kev txawj ntse yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Reger's art, nws txoj haujlwm kev ua yeeb yam zoo, ze rau cov kws ntaus nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. "Tus German neoclassicist zoo tshaj plaws" tau hu ua tus sau los ntawm nws tus neeg qhuas qhuas, zoo kawg nkaus Lavxias teb sab thuam V. Karatygin, thaum sau tseg tias "Reger yog ib tug me nyuam ntawm niaj hnub, nws nyiam los ntawm tag nrho cov niaj hnub tsim txom thiab darings."

Txaus siab rau cov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua, kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv zej zog, Reger thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm tau cuam tshuam nrog kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws - lawv cov kev coj ncaj ncees, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua, kev txaus siab rau lub cev, chamber instrumental thiab choral music. Qhov no yog li cas nws txiv, ib tug kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv me me Bavarian lub zos ntawm Weiden, tsa nws, qhov no yog li cas lub tsev teev ntuj Weiden organist A. Lindner thiab tus loj tshaj German theorist G. Riemann qhia, uas instilled nyob rau hauv Reger ib tug hlub rau lub German classics. Los ntawm Riemann, cov suab paj nruag ntawm I. Brahms mus ib txhis nkag mus rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas composer, nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm lub synthesis ntawm classical thiab romantic twb xub paub. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas nws yog rau nws uas Reger txiav txim siab xa nws thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - lub cev suite "In Memory of Bach" (1895). Cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj suav hais tias cov lus teb tau txais sai sai ua ntej Brahms txoj kev tuag yog ib qho koob hmoov, ib lo lus los ntawm tus tswv zoo, uas nws cov lus qhuab qhia nws ua tib zoo nqa los ntawm nws lub neej.

Reger tau txais nws thawj qhov kev txawj suab paj nruag los ntawm nws niam nws txiv (nws txiv qhia nws txoj kev xav, ua si lub cev, violin thiab cello, nws niam ntaus piano). Thaum ntxov muaj peev xwm tso cai rau tus tub los hloov nws tus kws qhia Lindner hauv pawg ntseeg rau 13 xyoo, raws li nws cov kev taw qhia nws pib sau. Xyoo 1890-93. Reger polishes nws sau thiab ua tau zoo raws li kev taw qhia ntawm Riemann. Tom qab ntawd, hauv Wiesbaden, nws pib nws txoj haujlwm qhia, uas kav tag nrho nws lub neej, ntawm Royal Academy of Music hauv Munich (1905-06), ntawm Leipzig Conservatory (1907-16). Hauv Leipzig, Reger kuj yog tus thawj coj suab paj nruag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj ntau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag - I. Khas, O. Shek, E. Tokh, thiab lwm yam. Reger kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua yeeb yam, feem ntau ua yeeb yam ua pianist thiab organist. Xyoo 1911-14 xyoo. nws coj lub tsev hais plaub symphony chapel ntawm Duke of Meiningen, tsim los ntawm nws ib tug zoo nkauj orchestra uas kov yeej tag nrho lub teb chaws Yelemees nrog nws cov txuj ci.

Txawm li cas los xij, Reger txoj kev sau ua haujlwm tsis tau pom tam sim ntawd pom hauv nws lub tebchaws. Thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam tsis ua tiav, thiab tsuas yog tom qab muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav, xyoo 1898, rov pom nws tus kheej hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nws niam nws txiv lub tsev, tus kws sau nkauj nkag mus rau lub sijhawm muaj kev vam meej. Rau 3 xyoos nws tsim ntau yam haujlwm - op. 20–59; ntawm lawv yog chamber ensembles, piano pieces, vocal lyrics, tab sis lub cev ua hauj lwm sawv tawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog - 7 fantasies ntawm choral ntxhais, Fantasia thiab fugue ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm BACH (1900). Kev loj hlob tuaj rau Reger, nws txoj kev xav thoob ntiaj teb, kev pom ntawm kos duab thaum kawg tsim. Tsis txhob poob rau hauv dogmatism, Reger ua raws li cov lus qhia tag nrho nws lub neej: "Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv suab paj nruag!" Tus kws sau ntawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tau pom tseeb tshwj xeeb hauv Munich, qhov chaw uas nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag tawm tsam.

Loj nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb (146 opuses), Reger cov keeb kwm muaj ntau haiv neeg - ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv (lawv tsis muaj ib theem xwb), thiab nyob rau hauv stylistic qhov chaw - los ntawm pre-Bahov era mus rau Schumann, Wagner, Brahms. Tab sis tus composer muaj nws tus kheej passions tshwj xeeb. Cov no yog chamber ensembles (70 opuses rau ntau yam compositions) thiab organ music (txog 200 compositions). Nws tsis yog coincidence tias nws yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no uas Reger kinship nrog Bach, nws attraction rau polyphony, mus rau ancient instrumental cov ntaub ntawv, yog feem ntau xav. Tus kws sau ntawv lees txim yog yam ntxwv: "Lwm tus ua fugues, Kuv tsuas yog nyob hauv lawv xwb." Lub monumentality ntawm Reger's organ compositions yog feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv nws orchestral thiab piano compositions, ntawm uas, es tsis txhob ntawm ib txwm sonatas thiab symphonies, ncua polyphonic variation cycles predominate - symphonic Variations thiab fugues ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm J. Hiller thiab WA ​​Mozart (1907. , 1914), Variations and fugues for piano on themes by JS Bach, GF Telemann, L. Beethoven (1904, 1914, 1904). Tab sis tus kws sau ntawv kuj tau them nyiaj mloog rau hom kev nyiam romantic (orchestral Plaub Paj Huam tom qab A. Becklin - 1913, Romantic Suite tom qab J. Eichendorff - 1912; cycles ntawm piano thiab suab me me). Nws kuj tau tso cov piv txwv zoo heev hauv cov nkauj hu nkauj - los ntawm cov nkauj hu nkauj cappella mus rau cantatas thiab grandiose Phau Ntawv Nkauj 100 – 1909.

Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Reger tau nto moo, xyoo 1910 kev ua koob tsheej ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag tau teeb tsa hauv Dortmund. Ib qho ntawm thawj lub teb chaws kom paub txog cov txuj ci ntawm German tus tswv yog Russia, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1906 thiab qhov chaw uas nws tau txais tos los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag coj los ntawm N. Myaskovsky thiab S. Prokofiev.

G. Zhdanova