Isaak Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Kuv mob siab rau kuv txoj hauj lwm rau cov hluas mus ib txhis. Kuv tuaj yeem hais yam tsis muaj exaggeration tias thaum kuv sau zaj nkauj tshiab lossis lwm yam nkauj, kuv lub siab ib txwm hais rau peb cov hluas. I. Dunaevsky

Dunayevsky lub peev xwm loj heev tau tshwm sim rau qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw ntawm "lub teeb" hom. Nws yog tus creator ntawm ib tug tshiab Soviet huab hwm coj nkauj, thawj jazz suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag comedy, operetta. Tus kws sau ntawv tau nrhiav kom ua tiav cov hom no ze tshaj plaws rau cov hluas nrog kev zoo nkauj tiag tiag, kev ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam, thiab kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj.

Dunaevsky cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim zoo heev. Nws muaj 14 operettas, 3 ballets, 2 cantatas, 80 choirs, 80 nkauj thiab romances, suab paj nruag rau 88 ua yeeb yam thiab 42 zaj duab xis, 43 compositions rau ntau yam thiab 12 rau jazz orchestra, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic thiab 47 piano ua haujlwm.

Dunayevsky yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Suab paj nruag nrog nws txij thaum yau. Kev ua suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj feem ntau tau tuav hauv Dunaevsky lub tsev, qhov twg, nrog kev ua tsis taus pa, me ntsis Isaac kuj tuaj. Hnub Sunday, nws feem ntau mloog lub suab paj nruag hauv lub vaj hauv nroog, thiab thaum nws rov qab los tsev, nws tau txais los ntawm pob ntseg ntawm lub piano cov suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag uas nws nco qab. Lub hnub so tiag tiag rau tus tub yog mus ntsib cov ua yeeb yam, qhov twg Ukrainian thiab Lavxias teb sab ua yeeb yam thiab opera troupes ua nyob rau hauv ncig saib.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, Dunaevsky pib kawm ua si violin. Nws txoj kev vam meej tau zoo heev uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv 1910 nws tau los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kharkov Musical College nyob rau hauv chav kawm violin ntawm xib fwb K. Gorsky, ces I. Ahron, ib tug ci ntsa iab violinist, xib fwb thiab composer. Dunayevsky kuj kawm nrog Ahron ntawm Kharkov Conservatory, los ntawm qhov uas nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1919. Thaum lub sij hawm nws conservatory xyoo, Dunayevsky tsim ntau heev. Nws tus kws qhia sau ntawv yog S. Bogatyrev.

Txij li thaum yau, muaj passionately poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lub ua yeeb yam, Dunayevsky, tsis muaj hesitation, tuaj rau nws tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub conservatory. "Lub Sinelnikov Drama Theatre tau raug suav hais tias yog kev khav theeb ntawm Kharkov," thiab nws tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam yog "ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias ua yeeb yam."

Thaum xub thawj, Dunaevsky ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug violinist-accompanist nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, ces raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib thiab, thaum kawg, raws li lub taub hau ntawm lub suab paj nruag ib feem ntawm lub ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws sau nkauj rau txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv 1924, Dunaevsky tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov twg rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm xyoo nws ua hauj lwm raws li lub suab paj nruas director ntawm lub Hermitage ntau yam ua yeeb yam. Lub sijhawm no, nws sau nws thawj operettas: "Ob leeg rau peb thiab koj li", "Grooms", "Knives", "Prime Minister's Career". Tab sis cov no tsuas yog thawj kauj ruam xwb. Qhov tseeb masterpieces ntawm lub composer tau tshwm sim tom qab.

Xyoo 1929 tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm Dunayevsky. Lub sijhawm tshiab, paub tab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim tau pib, uas ua rau nws tau txais koob meej zoo. Dunayevsky tau caw los ntawm tus thawj coj suab paj nruag rau Leningrad Music Hall. "Nrog nws ntxim nyiam, kev txawj ntse thiab kev yooj yim, nrog nws cov kev tshaj lij, nws yeej txoj kev hlub ntawm tag nrho pab neeg muaj tswv yim," nco qab tus kws kos duab N. Cherkasov.

Nyob rau hauv Leningrad Music Hall, L. Utyosov tas li ua nrog nws jazz. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev sib ntsib ntawm ob tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo, uas tau hloov mus ua kev phooj ywg mus sij hawm ntev. Dunaevsky tam sim ntawd nyiam jazz thiab pib sau nkauj rau Utyosov pawg. Nws tsim rhapsodies ntawm cov nkauj nrov ntawm Soviet composers, ntawm Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian, cov neeg Yudais, jazz fantasy ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej zaj nkauj, thiab lwm yam.

Dunayevsky thiab Utyosov feem ntau ua haujlwm ua ke. Utyosov sau tias "Kuv nyiam cov rooj sib tham no." - "Kuv tau ntxim nyiam tshwj xeeb hauv Dunaevsky los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau hauv suab paj nruag, tsis pom ib puag ncig."

Thaum ntxov 30s. Dunayevsky tig mus rau zaj duab xis suab paj nruag. Nws dhau los ua tus tsim ntawm ib hom ntawv tshiab - suab paj nruag zaj duab xis comedy. Lub sijhawm tshiab, ci ntsa iab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Soviet pawg nkauj, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub neej los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam yeeb yaj kiab, kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog nws lub npe.

Nyob rau hauv 1934, zaj duab xis "Zoo siab Fellows" tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntawm lub teb chaws nrog Dunaevsky suab paj nruag. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tau txais kev txaus siab los ntawm ntau cov neeg tuaj saib. "Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj ntawm Cov Txiv Neej Zoo Siab" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) tau hais tawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws, mus thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab dhau los ua ib qho ntawm thawj cov nkauj hluas thoob ntiaj teb ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Thiab nto moo "Kakhovka" los ntawm zaj duab xis "Peb Comrades" (1935, art. M. Svetlova)! Nws tau zoo siab hu nkauj los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Nws kuj tseem nrov thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Zaj Nkauj ntawm Niam Txiv los ntawm zaj duab xis Circus (1936, kos duab los ntawm V. Lebedev-Kumach) kuj tau txais koob meej thoob ntiaj teb. Dunayevsky kuj tau sau ntau lub suab paj nruag zoo rau lwm cov yeeb yaj kiab: "Cov Me Nyuam ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog", "Nrhiav Kev Zoo Siab", "Goalkeeper", "Rich Bride", "Volga-Volga", "Cright Path", "Kuban Cossacks".

Txaus siab rau kev ua haujlwm rau xinesmas, sau cov nkauj nrov, Dunaevsky tsis tig mus rau operetta rau ntau xyoo. Nws rov qab mus rau nws txoj kev nyiam nyob rau hauv lub lig 30s. twb yog tus paub tab.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, Dunayevsky coj zaj nkauj thiab seev cev pawg ntawm Central House of Culture ntawm Railway Workers. Txhua qhov chaw no ua haujlwm - hauv thaj av Volga, hauv Central Asia, Far East, hauv Urals thiab hauv Siberia, txhawb zog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej, kev ntseeg siab rau kev yeej ntawm Soviet Army tshaj cov yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Dunayevsky tau sau ua siab loj, hnyav nkauj uas tau txais kev nyiam nyob rau pem hauv ntej.

Thaum kawg, qhov kawg salvos ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nrov tawm. Lub teb chaws tau kho nws qhov txhab. Thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob, tsis hnov ​​tsw ntawm rab phom dua.

Lub sijhawm xyoo no, kev tawm tsam rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tau dhau los ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus neeg muaj lub siab nyiam. Dunayevsky, zoo li ntau lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam, tau koom tes nrog kev tawm tsam rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Nyob rau lub yim hli ntuj 29, 1947, nws operetta "Dawb Cua" tau muaj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv Moscow Operetta Theatre. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab documentary nrog suab paj nruag los ntawm Dunaevsky "Peb yog rau kev thaj yeeb" (1951). Ib zaj nkauj zoo heev los ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab no, "Fly, nquab," tau txais koob meej thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tau los ua lub cim ntawm VI World Youth Festival hauv Moscow.

Dunaevsky txoj haujlwm kawg, operetta Dawb Acacia (1955), yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm Soviet lyrical operetta. Nrog kev txaus siab npaum li cas tus kws sau ntawv sau nws "swan song", uas nws yeej tsis tau "hais tawm"! Kev tuag ua rau nws poob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Composer K. Molchanov ua tiav lub operetta raws li sketches sab laug los ntawm Dunayevsky.

Lub premiere ntawm "Dawb Acacia" tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 15, 1955 hauv Moscow. Nws tau tshwm sim los ntawm Odessa Theatre ntawm Musical Comedy. "Thiab nws nyuaj siab los xav," tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam I. Grinshpun tau sau tias "thaum Isaak Osipovich tsis pom Dawb Acacia ntawm theem, tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau kev xyiv fab uas nws tau muab rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg tuaj saib. … Tab sis nws yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam zoo siab!

M. Komissarskaya

Cov khoom xyaw:

pov pob - So ntawm Faun (1924), menyuam yaus ntaus pob Murzilka (1924), Lub Nroog (1924), Ballet Suite (1929); ua operetta - Ob leeg peb thiab koj li (1924, post. 1927, Moscow Theatre ntawm Suab paj nruag Buffoonery), Bridegrooms (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Straw Hat (1927, Musical Theatre muaj npe tom qab VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; 2nd edition 1938, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Riam (1928, Moscow Satire Theatre), Premiere Career (1929, Tashkent Operetta Theatre), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Million Torments (1932, ibid.), Golden Valley (1938), ibid.; 2nd edition 1955, ibid.), Roads to Happiness (1941, Leningrad Theatre of Musical Comedy), Free Wind (1947, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Son of a Clown (original name. – The Flying Clown, 1960, ibid. ), Dawb Acacia (instrumentation los ntawm G. Cherny, ntxig ballet naj npawb "Palmushka" thiab Larisa zaj nkauj nyob rau hauv lub thib 3 ua yeeb yam tau sau los ntawm KB Molchanov rau lub ntsiab ntawm Dunaevsky; 1955, ibid.); cantatas - Peb yuav los (1945), Leningrad, peb nrog koj (1945); nkauj rau cov yeeb yaj kiab - Thawj platoon (1933), Ob zaug-yug (1934), Zoo siab hais mav (1934), Golden teeb (1934), Peb comrades (1935), Txoj kev ntawm lub nkoj (1935), Ntxhais Niam (1936), Kwv tij (1936), Circus (1936), Ib Tug Ntxhais Thaum Ntxov rau Hnub (1936), Cov Me Nyuam ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog Grant (1936), Seekers of Happiness (1936), Cua Ncaj Ncees (nrog BM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), Beethoven Concerto (1937), nplua nuj Bride (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Txoj kev kaj (1940), Kuv txoj kev hlub (1940), Lub tsev tshiab (1946), Caij nplooj ntoos hlav (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , Mashenka qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj (1949), Peb yog rau lub ntiaj teb (1951), Winged Defense (1953), Hloov pauv (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Test of Loyalty (1954); zaj nkauj, incl. Far Path (lyrics los ntawm EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Heroes ntawm Khasan (lyrics los ntawm VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), Nyob rau hauv tus yeeb ncuab, rau lub Motherland, forward (lyrics los ntawm Lebedev-Kumach, 1941), Kuv Moscow (lyrics thiab Lisyansky thiab S. Agranyan, 1942), Tub Rog Lub Peb Hlis ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Railway (lyrics los ntawm SA Vasiliev, 1944), Kuv mus ntawm Berlin (lyrics los ntawm LI Oshanin, 1945), Nkauj txog Moscow (lyrics by B. Vinnikov, 1946), Txoj kev -roads (lyrics los ntawm S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), Kuv yog ib tug laus niam los ntawm Rouen (lyrics los ntawm G. Rublev, 1949), Nkauj ntawm cov hluas (lyrics by ML Matusovsky, 1951), Tsev kawm ntawv waltz (lyrics. Matusovsky , 1952), Waltz Yav tsaus ntuj (lyrics los ntawm Matusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (lyrics los ntawm Matusovsky, 1954) thiab lwm yam; nkauj rau ua yeeb yam, xov tooj cua qhia; pop nkauj, incl. theatrical jazz tshuaj xyuas Music Store (1932), thiab lwm yam.