Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yuam sij |

Qhov tseem ceeb affinity - qhov sib thooj ntawm cov yuam sij, txiav txim siab los ntawm tus lej thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib xws (suab, ntu ntu, chords). Lub tonal system hloov zuj zus; yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tonality (sound-stepping, interval, chordal, thiab functional) tsis nyob li qub; rt tsis yog ib yam dab tsi kiag li thiab tsis hloov. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm R. t., muaj tseeb rau ib lub tonal system, tej zaum yuav siv tsis tau rau lwm tus. Qhov ntau ntawm R. t. systems hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib haum xeeb (AB Marx, E. Prout, H. Riemann, A. Schoenberg, E. Lendvai, P. Hindemith, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, BL Yavorsky, GL Catuar, LM Rudolf, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm cov "brigade phau ntawv" IV Sposobin thiab AF Mutli, OL thiab SS Skrebkovs, Yu. N. Tyulin thiab NG Privano, RS Taube, MA Iglitsky thiab lwm yam) thaum kawg qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm lub suab tonal.

Rau cov suab paj nruag 18-19 centuries. Qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, yog qhov systematics ntawm R. t., tau teeb tsa hauv phau ntawv qhia kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Kaw tonalities (los yog cov nyob rau hauv 1 qib ntawm kinship) yog cov rau, tonic. triads rau-rykh yog nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm ib tug muab tonality (natural thiab harmonic hom). Piv txwv li, C-dur yog ze ze rau ib-me, G-dur, e-me, F-dur, d-me me thiab f-me. Lwm yam, cov yuam sij nyob deb yog feem ntawm 2nd thiab 3rd degree ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Raws li IV Sposobin, R. t. system yog raws li seb lub tonality yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib tug tonic ntawm ib tug los yog lwm yam mus ob peb vas. Yog li ntawd, lub tonality tau muab faib ua peb pawg: I - diatonic. kinship, II – major-minor kinship, III – chromatic. kev sib tw, np. rau C major:

Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub, cov qauv ntawm tonality tau hloov; tau poob nws cov kev txwv yav dhau los, nws tau dhau los ua ntau txoj hauv kev ua tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm R. t., hais txog yav dhau los, tsis cuam tshuam txog kev sib txawv ntawm R. t. nyob rau niaj hnub no. suab paj nruag. Conditioned acoustic. kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub suab, thib tsib thiab tertian kev sib raug zoo khaws lawv qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau niaj hnub no. kev sib raug zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej ntawm R. t. yog txuam feem ntau nrog cov complex ntawm harmonics nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ib tug muab tonality. cov ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tonal closeness los yog nyob deb yuav tig tawm txawv heev. Yog li, yog tias, piv txwv li, hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb h-moll muaj kev sib haum xeeb V qis thiab II qis qis (nrog lub suab nrov f thiab c), ces vim qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb f-moll yuav tig tawm mus. ze ze rau h-moll (saib 2-th txav ntawm Shostakovich lub 9th symphony). Hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov (Des-dur) los ntawm symphony. fairy tales los ntawm SS Prokofiev "Peter thiab Hma", vim hais tias ntawm tus kheej qauv ntawm lub tonality (tsuas yog theem I thiab "Prokofiev dominant" - VII siab yog muab rau hauv nws), tonic yog ib tug semitone qis (C-dur) Nws hloov tawm los ze dua li cov tsoos tseem ceeb ntawm theem V (As-dur), kev sib haum xeeb uas tsis tau tshwm sim hauv lub ntsiab lus.

References: Dolzhansky AN, Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Shostakovich lub compositions, "SM", 1947, No 4, nyob rau hauv sau: Nta ntawm D. Shostakovich lub style, M., 1962; Mytli AF, Ntawm kev hloov kho. Rau cov lus nug ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov ntawm affinity ntawm tonalities, M.-L., 1948; Taube RS, On the systems of tonal kev sib raug zoo, "Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sau ntawv ntawm Saratov Conservatory", vol. 3, 1959; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies, M.-L., 1969; Skorik MM, Hom system ntawm S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Sposobin IV, Lectures on the course of harmony, M., 1969; Tiftikidi HP, Kev xav ntawm ib-tertz thiab tonal chromatic systems, nyob rau hauv: Cov lus nug ntawm lub suab paj nruag txoj kev xav, vol. 2, M., 1970; ib. Mazel LA, Teeb meem ntawm classical harmony, M., 1972; Iglitsky M., Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov yuam sij thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nrhiav kev hloov kho, hauv: Musical Art thiab Science, vol. 2, M., 1973; ib. Rukavishnikov VN, Ib txhia ntxiv thiab qhia meej rau lub system ntawm tonal kev sib raug zoo ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov thiab ua tau txoj kev ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv: Cov lus nug ntawm Music Theory, vol. 3, M., 1975. Saib kuj lit. ntawm Art. Kev sib raug zoo.

Yu. N. Kholopov