Romanesque |
ital. Romanesca
Lub npe ntawm ntau yam hauv Zap. Teb chaws Europe 17-18 centuries. instr. seev cev plays, variations cycles, as well as arias and songs with instr. accompaniment, uas yog raws li ib tug tej yam melodic-harmonic. ib tug qauv hais txog lub folia thiab lub qub passamezzo (passamezzo antico).
Lub etymology ntawm lub npe thiab keeb kwm ntawm R. tsis meej kiag li. Thaj, nws originated nyob rau hauv ltalis los yog Spain; Raws li, lub npe raug txhais raws li lub ntsiab lus rau lub ntsiab lus "hauv Roman style" (alla maniera Romana) los yog muab los ntawm lus Mev. kev hlub.
Lub treatise F. Salinas “De Musica” (1577) muaj ntau heev. cov qauv ntawm pej xeem suab paj nruag R. - nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Portuguese. folia, ntsig txog Italian. galliarde, spanish villancico, pavane, thiab lwm yam, uas feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm prof. composers. Hauv decomp. R. melodies tau txais tus kheej nta hauv kev sib txuas nrog lub suab nrov. los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kev nce qib hauv qab ntawm lawv hauv qhov ntim ntawm ib lub quart, los ntawm kev qhia cov suab tsis yog chord, ornaments, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txawm li cas los xij, cov suab siv feem ntau nkag mus rau hauv ib ntus. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov no yog Monteverdi's duet "Ohimi dov'i il mio ben" hauv concerto los ntawm phau ntawv 7th ntawm madrigals (1619).
Qhov ruaj khov dua yog tus ntses bass thaj tsam (dhia mus rau plaub), ua qhov tseem ceeb. paub qhov txawv. kos npe rau R.; Txawm li cas los xij, txij li thaum xyoo pua 17th thiab bass quart txav tau feem ntau muaj cov suab nruab nrab. Muses. R. daim ntawv tau tsim ua ntej nws lub npe; Keeb kwm, plays ze rau R. tau tsim nyob rau hauv lwm lub npe. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws hu ua "R." yog seev cev rau lub lute (A. de Becchi, 1568). Thaum pib. 17th caug xyoo R. muaj ntau dua rau kev hu nkauj nrog cov ntses bass thaj tsam, rau cithara (J. Frescobaldi, sau ntawm 1615, 1630 thiab 1634), nyob rau hauv pem teb thib 2. 17th caug xyoo – rau cov twj paj nruag keyboard (B. Storace, 1664). Nyob rau hauv lub 19th thiab 20th centuries lub adaptation ntawm lub ancient rhymes yog nqa tawm los ntawm JD Alar (rau violin thiab pianoforte) thiab AK Glazunov (r. los ntawm ballet Raymonda).
References: Riеmann H., Tus “Basso ostinato” thiab qhov pib ntawm lub cantata, “SIMG”, 1911/12, xyoo 13; Nettl R., Ob lub ntsiab lus Spanish ostinato, «ZfMw», 1918/19, vol. 1, pp. 694-98; Gombosi О., Italia: patria del basso ostinato, «Rass. mus.», 1934, v. 7; Hоrsley J., The 16th-century variation, «JAMS», 1959, v. 12, p. 118-32 : kuv.
