Glissando |

Glissando (Italian glissando, los ntawm Fabkis glisser - swb) yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua si, uas muaj cov ntiv tes nrawm nrawm raws cov hlua lossis cov yuam sij ntawm cov suab paj nruag. cuab tam. Tsis zoo li portamento, uas yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia. kev ua tau zoo, tsis kho los ntawm tus kws sau suab paj nruag thiab feem ntau erroneously hu ua G., tiag G. yog tsau nyob rau hauv sweaty notation, sawv cev ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab paj nruag ntawv. Hauv fp. G. qhov kev ua si yog ua tiav los ntawm zawv zawg sab nrauv ntawm tus ntsia thawv phalanx ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo lossis tus ntiv tes thib peb (feem ntau ntawm sab tes xis) raws cov yuam sij dawb lossis dub. Hauv kev tsim khoom rau cov twj paj nruag keyboard G. yog thawj zaug pom hauv Fabkis. composer JB Moreau nyob rau hauv nws sau. “Thawj phau ntawv ntawm daim harpsichord” (“Premier livre pieces de clavecin”, 3). Tshwj xeeb tech. cov teeb meem tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm fp. G. ntawm scale-zoo li sequences ntawm ob daim ntawv (thib peb, sixths, octaves) nrog ib txhais tes (nrog rau nws ruaj khov txoj hauj lwm), yuav tsum tau ib txhij zawv zawg ntawm ob tug ntiv tes ntawm tus yuam sij (qhov no G. yog tseem ua nrog ob txhais tes) .

G. yog ua tau yooj yim ntawm lub piano. qub designs nrog lawv ntau pliable, thiaj li hu. Viennese mechanics. Tej zaum yog vim li cas G. nyob rau hauv parallel thib rau twb tau siv los ntawm WA ​​Mozart (variations ntawm "Lison dormant"). Octave nplai muaj nyob rau hauv L. Beethoven (Concerto in C Major, Sonata op. 53), KM Weber ("Concertpiece", op. 79), G. nyob rau hauv thib peb thiab quarts hauv M. Ravel ("Mirrors") thiab lwm yam.

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov twj paj nruag keyboard nrog lawv cov tempered system, nrog kev pab los ntawm G., ib tug scale nrog ib tug tej yam suab yog muab rho tawm, ces ntawm bowed seev, uas ib tug dawb system yog yam ntxwv, los ntawm txoj kev ntawm G., chromatic yog muab rho tawm. ib ntus ntawm lub suab, nrog ib tug swarm, qhov tseeb kev ua tau zoo ntawm semitones yog tsis tsim nyog (cov txheej txheem ntiv tes yuav tsum tsis txhob tov nrog g. ntawm bowed instruments - qhov ua tau zoo ntawm chromatic nplai los ntawm zawv zawg ntiv tes). Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm g. thaum ua si bowed instruments Ch. arr. hauv cov nyhuv coloristic. G. qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qee nqe lus ntawm cov cuab yeej bowed, tshwj tsis yog chromatic. scale, yog ua tau tsuas yog thaum ua si nrog harmonics. Ib qho piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm G. ntawm bowed instruments yog nyob rau hauv Italian. composer K. Farina (nyob rau hauv "Ib qho Extraordinary Capriccio", "Capriccio stravagante", 1627, rau skr. solo), siv G. raws li ib tug naturalistic. txais suab. Nyob rau hauv classic G. yog yuav luag tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag rau bowed instruments (ib qho tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm G. ascending chromatic sequence los ntawm octaves nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm lub 1 feem ntawm lub concerto rau A. Dvorak). Raws li ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws virtuoso ua si, guerilla tau siv dav hauv cov haujlwm sau los ntawm Romantic violinists thiab cellists. cov lus qhia (G. Venyavsky, A. Vyotan, P. Sarasate, F. Servais, thiab lwm yam). G. yog siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau haiv neeg raws li timbre xim nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau xyoo pua 20th rau cov cuab yeej hneev taw thiab ua cov xim pleev xim. txais tos hauv orchestration (SS Prokofiev - Scherzo los ntawm 1 concerto rau violin; K. Shimanovsky - concertos thiab pieces rau violin; M. Ravel - Rhapsody "Gypsy" rau violin; Z. Kodaly - G. chords hauv sonata rau solo, G . violins thiab ob basses hauv "Spanish Rhapsody" los ntawm Ravel). Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm G. vlch. yog muaj nyob rau hauv 2nd ib feem ntawm lub sonata rau VC. thiab fp. DD Shostakovich: 2 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb yog G. flageolets, piv txwv li. cellos los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov ("Hmo Hmo Ua Ntej Christmas"), VV Shcherbachev (XNUMXnd symphony), Ravel ("Daphnis thiab Chloe"), violas thiab cov laus. MO Steinberg ("Metamorphoses") thiab lwm yam.

G. yog cov txheej txheem thoob plaws hauv kev ua si pedal harp, qhov twg nws tau txais kev siv tshwj xeeb (hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, cov lus Italian sdrucciolando feem ntau siv). Apfic G. feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm lub suab ntawm xya chords (nrog rau cov uas ploj lawm; tsawg zaus ntawm cov suab tsis yog chords). Thaum ua si G., tag nrho cov hlua ntawm harp, nrog kev pab los ntawm restructuring ntawm lub otd. suab, muab lub suab ntawm tsuas yog cov ntawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug muab chord. Nrog rau kev txav mus los, G. ntawm lub harp yog ua nrog thawj tus ntiv tes khoov me ntsis, nrog rau qhov nce - nrog rau qhov thib ob (ib lossis ob txhais tes hauv kev sib koom ua ke, sib txawv thiab hla kev txav ntawm tes). G. yog qee zaus siv rau ntawm gamma zoo li sequences.

G. yog siv thaum ua yeeb yam tooj liab. cov twj paj nruag - ntawm lub trombone nrog kev pab ntawm lub backstage txav (piv txwv li, lub trombone solo nyob rau hauv "Pulcinella" los ntawm IF Stravinsky), lub trumpet, ntawm percussion instruments (piv txwv li, G. pedal timpani nyob rau hauv "Music rau bowed instruments, percussion). thiab celesta” B. Bartok).

G. yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem instr. dai. (Verbunkosh style), rum. thiab pwm. suab paj nruag, nrog rau jazz. Hauv G. lub suab paj nruag, tsuas yog cov suab pib thiab zaum kawg ntawm nqe lus feem ntau tau hais, cov suab nruab nrab yog hloov los ntawm ib qho khiav ceev lossis ib txoj kab wavy.