Lub caij nyoog |

los ntawm lat. intervallum - ncua, nrug

Qhov piv ntawm ob lub suab nyob rau hauv qhov siab, piv txwv li, zaus ntawm lub suab vibrations (saib. suab suab). Sequentially take sounds form ib melody. I., ib txhij coj lub suab - harmonic. I. Lub suab qis I. yog hu ua nws lub hauv paus, thiab lub sab sauv yog hu ua saum. Nyob rau hauv melodic zog, ascending thiab descending I. yog tsim. Txhua I. yog txiav txim los ntawm ntim lossis ntau. tus nqi, piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam uas ua rau nws, thiab lub suab los yog zoo, piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm tones thiab semitones uas sau nws. Yooj yim hu ua I., tsim nyob rau hauv lub octave, compound - I. wider tshaj lub octave. Lub npe I.serv lat. tus lej ntawm tus poj niam poj niam txiv neej, qhia txog tus lej ntawm cov kauj ruam suav nrog hauv txhua qhov I.; lub npe digital kuv kuj tau siv; lub suab tus nqi ntawm I. yog qhia los ntawm cov lus: me me, loj, ntshiab, nce, txo. Simple I. yog:

Ntshiab prima (part 1) – 0 tones Me thib ob (m. 2) – ^1/2 Tones Major thib ob (b. 2) – 1 tone Me thib peb (m. 3) – 1^1/2 tones Major thib peb (b. 3) – 2 tones Net quart (part 4) – 2^1/2 Tones Zoom quart (sw. 4) – 3 tones Txo thib tsib (d. 5) – 3 tones Ntshiab thib tsib (part 5) – 3^1/2 Tones Me thib rau (m. 6) – 4 tones Loj rau (b. 6) – 4^1/2 Tones Me Xya (m. 7) – 5 tones Loj xya (b. 7) – 5^1/2 Pure octave (ch. 8) – 6 tones

Compound I. tshwm sim thaum ib qho yooj yim I. ntxiv rau lub octave thiab khaws cov khoom ntawm yooj yim I. zoo ib yam li lawv; lawv lub npe: nona, decima, undecima, duodecima, terzdecima, quarterdecima, quintdecima (ob octaves); wider I. yog hu ua: ib tug thib ob tom qab ob octaves, ib tug thib peb tom qab ob octaves, thiab lwm yam. Cov teev I. kuj yog hu ua yooj yim los yog diatonic, txij li thaum lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub teev saws nyob rau hauv cov kev lig kev cai. suab paj nruag txoj kev xav raws li lub hauv paus rau diatonic frets (saib Diatonic). Diatonic I. tuaj yeem nce lossis txo los ntawm kev nce lossis txo los ntawm chromatic. semitone puag lossis saum I. Tib lub sijhawm. multidirectional hloov pauv ntawm chromatic. semitone ntawm ob theem I. lossis nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib kauj ruam ntawm chromatic. Cov suab nrov tshwm ob zaug nce lossis ob zaug txo I. Tag nrho cov I. hloov los ntawm kev hloov pauv yog hu ua chromatic. I., sib. los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam uas muaj nyob rau hauv lawv, tab sis zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv tonal muaj pes tsawg leeg (suab), hu ua enharmonic sib npaug, piv txwv li. fa – G-sharp (sh. 2) and fa – A-flat (m. 3). Nov yog lub npe. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau cov duab uas zoo ib yam hauv ntim thiab tus nqi suab nrov. los ntawm kev hloov pauv anharmonic rau ob lub suab, xws li. F-sharp – si (part 4) and G-flat – C-flat (part 4).

Nyob rau hauv acoustic kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov harmony. I. muab faib ua consonant thiab dissonant (saib Consonance, Dissonance).

Yooj yim yooj yim (diatom) ntu ​​ntawm lub suab rau.

Yooj yim diminished thiab augmented ncua sij hawm los ntawm lub suab rau.

Yooj yim ob augmented ncua sij hawm los ntawm lub suab C tiaj.

Yooj yim ob npaug diminished ncua sij hawm los ntawm lub suab C ntse.

Compound (diatonic) ntu ​​ntawm lub suab rau.

Consonant I. muaj xws li ntshiab prims thiab octaves (zoo meej consonance), ntshiab plaub thiab fifths (zoo meej consonance), me thiab loj thib peb thiab thib rau ( imperfect consonance). Dissonant I. suav nrog me me thiab loj vib nas this, nce. quart, txo thib tsib, me thiab loj xya. Lub zog ntawm lub suab I., nrog Krom, nws lub hauv paus dhau los ua lub suab sab saud, thiab sab saum toj ua qis dua, hu ua. thov rov hais dua; yog li ntawd, ib qho tshiab I. tshwm. Tag nrho cov ntshiab I. tig mus rau hauv cov ntshiab, me me mus rau hauv loj, loj mus rau hauv me me, nce mus rau hauv txo thiab vice versa, ob zaug nce mus rau hauv ob zaug txo thiab vice versa. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov suab nrov ntawm qhov yooj yim I., tig mus rau ib leeg, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog sib npaug rau rau tones, piv txwv li. :b. 3 do-mi - 2 tones; m. 6 mi-do – 4 tones i. lwm.

VA Vakhromeev