Thaj chaw |
Zone (los ntawm Greek zonn - siv) - characterizes kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm cov suab paj nruag. suab raws li lub cev phenomena (ntau zaus, siv, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm suab, ntev) thiab nws muses. qualities (pitch, loudness, timbre, duration) raws li reflections nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub siab ntawm lub cev. suab khoom. Lub tswvyim tau qhia los ntawm owls. music acoustician N. A. Garbuzov. Tus kws tshaj lij. kev tshawb fawb tau pom, tshwj xeeb, uas txhua tus ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm muses. scale (c, cis, d, thiab lwm yam) nrog lub cev. sab tsis sib haum mus rau ib zaus, xws li nyob rau hauv ib tug los yog lwm yam lej qhia system (piv txwv li, sib npaug temperament), tab sis ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov zaus nyob ze; Thaum cov zaus hloov pauv hauv cov kev txwv no, lub suab zoo li ib qib tsis hloov: piv txwv li, lub suab a1 tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog 440 Hz (OST 7710), tab sis kuj 439, 438, 437, 436, 435, thiab. Raws li 441, 442, 443, 444, 445 Hz, tsis hloov mus rau gis1 lossis b1. Xws li ntau zaus yog hu ua suab-altitude zones. Hauv Garbuzov qhov kev sim, cov tib neeg uas muaj lub suab zoo heev tau kho cov hlua lossis cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. cov khoom siv rau cov suab uas muaj cov ntsiab lus. kev hloov pauv zaus; qhov dav ntawm cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv cov neeg sau npe huab qee zaum tshaj 200 xees (piv txwv li tag nrho lub suab!). Cov kws ntaus nkauj uas tsim nyog nrog tus cwj pwm zoo. Lub rooj sib hais tau teev cov ntu ntu nrog kev hloov pauv mus txog 60-70 xees. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tau raug pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov tsis hnov lus lossis txheeb ze (piv txwv li, thaum ntsuas qhov sib txawv intonational variants ntawm tus kheej cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov ntsuas lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv). Lub cheeb tsam tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nrog qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, nrog qhov siab sib txawv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm 5-6 xees); Nyob rau hauv thaj tsam thaj tsam, cov kws ntaus nkauj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, raws li Garbuzov, txog 10 intonations. ntxoov. Tsim kom muaj qhov xwm txheej zonal ntawm lub suab hnov qhov qhib tau tshiab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm kos duab. nkauj txhais. ua hauj lwm. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Garbuzov, nrog rau nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov thwjtim (A. V. Rabinovich, E. A. Maltsev, S. G. Korsunsky, UA E. Sakhaltuyeva, Yus. N. Raub, E. V. Nazaykinsky), lub ntsiab lus zoo nkauj ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "zone". Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kos duab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab kev txhais lus ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov intonation los ntawm cheeb tsam. Z., yog li ntawd, qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Lub tswvyim ntawm Z. Nws kuj tseem txuas ntxiv los ntawm Garbuzov rau kev xaav ntawm tempo thiab atherosclerosis, dynamic (nrov) thiab timbre hnov (saib Suab paj nruag pob ntseg). Lub tswv yim ntawm cheeb tsam xwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Lub rooj sib hais tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev txhim kho ntawm pedagogical. thiab theoretical views ntawm musicians-performers thiab yog reflected nyob rau hauv ntau. phau ntawv, phau ntawv nyiaj pub dawb, tsev kawm ntawv luam tawm hauv USSR thiab txawv teb chaws. Tshiab theoretical views tso cai rau ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm muses. execution thiab muab kom muaj nuj nqis. thiab zoo. kwv pl. phenomena ntawm "microworld" suab paj nruag.
References: Rabinovich AV, Oscillographic method of melody analysis, M., 1932; Korsunsky SG, Zones of intervals when plays on instruments with free intonation, Physiological Journal of the USSR, 1946, v. 32, No 6; Garbuzov HA, Zonal nature of pitch hearing, M.-L., 1948; nws tus kheej, Zone xwm ntawm tempo thiab atherosclerosis, M., 1950; nws, Intrazonal intonation lub rooj sib hais thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, M.-L., 1951; nws, Zonal xwm ntawm dynamic hnov, M., 1955; nws tus kheej, Zone xwm ntawm timbre hnov, M., 1956; Sakhaltueva OE, Ntawm ib co qauv ntawm intonation nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog daim ntawv, dynamics thiab kev sib haum xeeb, nyob rau hauv: Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Moscow State Conservatory. PI Tchaikovsky, vol. 1, Moscow, 1960; Rags Yu. N., Intonation ntawm ib tug suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib co ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus, ibid.; Rags Yu. N. thiab Nazaikinsky EV, Suab paj nruag-theoretical kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm lub rooj sib hais, nyob rau hauv sau: "Laboratory of Musical Acoustics" (nyob rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub MoLGK npe tom qab PI Tchaikovsky), M., 1966.
Yu. N. Rags
