Suab nkauj kho siab |
Suab paj nruag societies - koom haum ntawm prof. musicians thiab music lovers, aiming mus nthuav cov suab paj nruag. kab lis kev cai, propaganda thiab kawm ntawm otd. hom suab paj nruag foob. Muaj lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb O. m.; lawv muab faib ua yeeb yam (choral, orchestral, chamber), scientific thiab kev kawm, kuj muaj tswv yim (composing, musicological). Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm O. m., raws li ib tug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm suab paj nruas societies. cov kev ua ub no, hnub rov qab mus rau Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab lig thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. tsev kawm ntawv; tom qab O.m. tau txais kev ywj pheej. kev loj hlob. Lawv cov qauv yog cov kev kawm uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo pua 16th. hauv Ltalis thiab koom nrog Ch. arr. kev ua suab paj nruag los ntawm lawv cov tswv cuab. Ib yam zoo li O.m., lub npe hu ua. Collegium Musicum tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Roob kev loj hlob. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, kev loj hlob ntawm pej xeem. conc. lub neej pab txhawb kev tshwm sim ntawm cov koom haum tshiab ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab kev ua si, feem ntau kev hais kwv txhiaj (hu ua philharmonic.) muses. ob-in and mus.-perform. cov koom haum: hauv tebchaws Askiv - Academy of Early Music (1710), hauv Austria - Viennese Society of Musicians (1771); Society of Concerts ntawm Paris Conservatory (1792), thiab lwm yam.
Thaum pib. 19th caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Austria, Switzerland, cov txiv tau tshwm sim. hu nkauj. ob-va – Liedertafel (thawj hauv Berlin, 1809), tom qab ntawd hlub. hu nkauj. ob-va ("Orpheon") tshwm sim hauv Fabkis (thawj xyoo 1835). O. m los ntawm 2nd pem teb tau txais kev faib dav. 19th caug xyoo Ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: General German. suab paj nruag union (tsim nyob rau hauv 1859 los ntawm F. Brendel, L. Keller, thiab lwm yam), nws lub hom phiaj yog los npaj ib xyoos ib zaug suab paj nruas festivals nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees), lub National Musical Society (Paris, 1871), lub Society of Peoples. nkauj (London, 1898), thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm lub department. loj composers thiab txhawb lawv cov khoom. (kev ua tau zoo, kev tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau ua tiav, tso tawm cov ntawv hu ua ib ntus, thiab lwm yam) muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. O. m.: Bachovskoe (Leipzig, 1850), Handel (Hamburg, 1856), G. Purcell (London, 1876), Universal Wagner (Bayreuth, 1883), thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm musicology yog npaj los ntawm musicologists. txog-va, luam tawm scientific. magazines, collections, bulletins. Thawj ntawm lawv yog Society of Music. kev tshawb fawb, nws yog lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv 1868 nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees los ntawm F. Kommer thiab R. Eitner (muaj mus txog rau thaum 1906); luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txhua hli. collections: "Monatshefte für Musikgeschichte" (1869-1905).
Nyob rau hauv Russia, O.m. pib tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub quarter kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. thiab thaum chiv thawj hu ua cov koom haum – thawj zaug hauv St. Petersburg xyoo 1772 (saib “Music Club”). Loj O.m., uas united prof. musicians (orchestra), yog lub ntsiab. nyob rau hauv 1802 lub St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. Xyoo 1840, Symphony Society tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab nyob rau hauv 1850, Concert Society, uas txhawb cov suab paj nruag classic. suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1859, lub loj tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag lub koom haum (uas tom qab ntawd qhib ceg nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog), lub hom phiaj ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm prof. music kev kawm nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no hais txog-hauv coj kuj systematic. conc. kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog uas nws cov ceg muaj nyob. Nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1874 lub Society of Rus. ua yeeb yam. Cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv ntawm nws cov tswv cuab (hauv 1877, cov kws sau ntawv PI Tchaikovsky, AG Rubinshtein, MP Mussorgsky, thiab lwm yam) hauv 1878 - Moscow Philharmonic Society. Ntawm lwm tus neeg Lavxias. prerevolutionary O. m.: St. Petersburg Society of Chamber Music, St. music-drama. ib lub voj voog ntawm cov amateurs (tsim nyob rau hauv 1883), uas tau npaj txhua xyoo opera ua yeeb yam ( thawj zaug nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, lawv ua tus ncej. Opera "Eugene Onegin", 1877), St. Society of Music lub rooj sib tham (tsim nyob rau hauv 1884s, tsom rau kev paub cov tswv cuab ntawm lub zej zog nrog kev tsim suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb; luam tawm tsev Izvestia …, saib Musical magazines), St. Petersburg. Society of Music kws qhia ntawv thiab lwm yam muses. cov duab (1890-1899; nyob rau hauv nws muaj ib lub suab paj nruag intermediary bureau, ib tug hu nkauj, hlua thiab wok quartets), lub Koom Txoos. chanter Cov txiaj ntsig. haiv neeg (tsim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1908 nyob rau hauv lub teg num ntawm lub chorus conductor AA Arkhangelsky; txhua xyoo teem concerts ntawm dawb ceev suab paj nruag), Moscow Liedertafel, Moscow. Society of Lovers of Orchestral, Chamber thiab Vocal Music (tsim nyob rau hauv 1902 los ntawm tus thawj coj A. Litvinov), Vajvoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Music Lovers (Moscow, 1895-1896), Tsev Nkauj (Moscow, 1912-1908), Musical Theoretical Library "( Moscow, 18-1908). Suab paj nruag kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm lub nroog (saib yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Contemporary Music, Suab paj nruag Exhibitions).
Tom qab lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 societies raug tsim. Cov koom haum suab paj nruag: Koom Haum Kawm Txuj Ci Music (Leningrad, Moscow), Lavxias teb sab Association ntawm Proletarian Musicians; Association ntawm revolutionaries composers thiab musicians cov duab (ORKIMD; 1925-32), All-Ukrainian Society muaj npe tom qab. ND Leontovich (1921-28), All-Ukrainian Association ntawm Revolutionaries. musicians (1928-32). Xyoo 1931-35 muaj Intern. suab paj nruag Lub chaw lis haujlwm yog lub koom haum ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg tawm tsam. Cov koom haum suab paj nruag ntawm Austria, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Asmeskas, USSR, Fabkis, Nyij Pooj, uas ua haujlwm ntawm Intern. koom haum ntawm revolutionaries. t-ra (MORT) thiab luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm "International Music" (txij li xyoo 1933). Nyob rau hauv 1939 nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub ntsiab. Union ntawm Composers ntawm lub USSR - muaj tswv yim. Lub koom haum ntawm owls composers thiab musicologists, nyob rau hauv 1957 - lub All-Lavxias hu nkauj. txog-hauv, thiab lwm yam; hu nkauj. txog-va yog tsim nyob rau hauv Ukraine, nyob rau hauv Belarus, Armenia thiab lwm lub koom pheej. Muaj cov koom haum ntawm composers thiab ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws, nrog rau ntau lwm tus neeg. intl. O. m., thawj ntawm uas yog Intern. suab paj nruag zej zog (1899-1914) - ib lub koom haum ntawm musicologists, uas muaj ib tug nat. ntu hauv ntau lub tebchaws (tswj cov rooj sib tham, tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm). Ntawm cov tam sim no O. m.: International Society for Contemporary Music, International Society for Musicology, Intern. suab paj nruag koom haum. cov tsev qiv ntawv, International Society of Music kev kawm, International council ntawm tib neeg suab paj nruag, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tswv cuab ntawm International Music Council ntawm UNESCO.
IM Yampolsky
