Monophony |

monophony - ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv suab paj nruag, yam ntxwv los ntawm kev txwv ntawm ib qho melodic. kab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm O., lub tswvyim ntawm suab paj nruag. prod. raws li tag nrho yog zoo tib yam rau lub tswv yim ntawm melody. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm "O." nyob ze heev, nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab zoo tib yam. thiab monody; lawv ch. qhov txawv yog lo lus "O." hais txog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov tshwm sim, thiab "monody" - tus qauv tsim.

O. - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab yog li thawj txoj hauv kev nthuav qhia cov muses. kev xav. Main O. qhov txawv ntawm polyphony yog tias ib qho melodic. kab yuav tsum muaj tag nrho cov txhais tau tias ntawm cov suab paj nruag. O. qhov kom zoo dua - nyob rau hauv qhov ua tau tiav ntawm kev xav ntawm kev xav los ntawm ib lub suab paj nruag xwb. Sab nraub qaum ntawm tib qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm O. qhia txog kev siv tsis tau. txhais tau hais tias siv tau rau lub consonance ntawm ob peb. lub suab, thiab qhov cuam tshuam txog kev txwv ntawm lub suab paj nruag. cov ntsiab lus. Muaj tseeb, dhau ntawm qhov hu ua. zais polyphony ("polyphony zais") hauv O., koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm polyphony. full-sound (JS Bach, suites rau cello solo), txawm li cas los xij, xws li qhov projection ntawm polyphony mus rau ib kab monophonic ib txwm muab nyiaj them ib nrab xwb; lwm yam art. cov nyhuv yog qiv los ntawm lwm cov suab paj nruag. warehouse, to-rum O. nov, li no, imitates. Tsim prof. kab lis kev cai hais txog O. (hauv nws tus kheej lub siab) hauv cov ntawv me me lossis kom ua tiav cov xim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev qhia (Lyubasha's song "Equip it sai, nyob zoo niam" los ntawm 1st hnub ntawm "Tsar's Bride", tus neeg tsav nkoj zaj nkauj thaum pib ntawm hnub 1 "Tristan thiab Isolde"). Qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog O. hauv prof. suab paj nruag ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj (xws li Soviet; ib qho piv txwv yog lub Tajik Shashmakom - saib Poppy) thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-European. kab lis kev cai uas O. txoj kev loj hlob ncaj qha. txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kab lig kev cai qub. O. yog ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm txhua haiv neeg. Ze rau O. cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm niaj hnub. nkauj thiab seev cev pawg (txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zaum kawg, qhov no tseem tsis yog O., tab sis polyphony, homophony).

Keeb kwm, ntawm txhua haiv neeg, O. tsim thawj theem hauv kev txhim kho cov kws tshaj lij. suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai (nyob rau hauv Western European suab paj nruag - Gregorian chant, secular music ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog; Lavxias teb sab Znamenny chant thiab lwm yam monody). Raws li kev tsim ntawm ntau-lub hom phiaj. O. cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib hom ntawv raug thawb mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau thiab tso tseg tsis muaj kev ywj pheej. ceg ntawm kev foob. G. de Macaux yog tus kawg ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo uas tau sau rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem. suab paj nruag (sib cais "cov kob" ntawm O. kuj pom tom qab, piv txwv li, cov nkauj ntawm G. Sachs). Kev txhawb siab ntawm O., twb nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus tshiab, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm rethinking lub classic. hom ntawm lub loj-me tonal system, nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. (C. Debussy, “Syrinx” for flute solo, 1912; IF Stravinsky, Peb daim rau solo clarinet, 1919; T. Olah, Sonata for solo clarinet, 1963).

References: saib hauv qab cov ntawv Melody, Monodia.

Yu. N. Kholopov