Dab neeg |

Dab neeg xwm txheej - ua yeeb yam ntawm epics, epic ballads thiab keeb kwm thaum ntxov. nkauj. Lo lus "S." muaj nar. keeb kwm, tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia "hais"; nws qhia ib tug peculiar yam ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom. teev dab neeg dab neeg. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia, cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm epic kuj hu ua "storytellers", "cov laus-timers". S. feem ntau yog cov neeg peasants (ob leeg txiv neej thiab poj niam). Hauv lus dab neeg, lo lus "S." nkag Ser. Xyoo 19th ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm PN Rybnikov thiab AF Gilferding. S. thaum lub sij hawm Heyday ntawm Lavxias teb sab. epic (10-16 centuries) muaj ob qho tib si tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij - cov neeg hu nkauj hauv pab pawg, ntawm cov tsev hais plaub princely, buffoons, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm 60s. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum lub epic pib sau systematically, S. cov tub txawg tsis tau ntsib.

S. siv ib qho, siab tshaj 2-3 tsoos. recitative tunes thiab siv lawv tsis hais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. S. tus cwj pwm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus kheej xaiv ntawm poetic txhais tau tias. kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov lus hais, hauv kev sib txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag, ntu ntu, hauv kev tsim cov ntu ntu ntu, thiab, thaum kawg, hauv S. repertoire nws tus kheej. Nyob ntawm seb qhov degree ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej txoj cai nyob rau hauv S. txoj hauj lwm, folklorists (raws li Soviet folklorist AM Astakhova) paub qhov txawv: transmitters striving rau tsis tshua muaj tseeb reproduction ntawm dab tsi lawv tau assimilated (IT Ryabinin, B. Surikov, ob ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 2); S., uas tsim lawv tus kheej cov ntawv thiab versions (TG Ryabinin - nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, NS Bogdanova, AM Pashkova - lig 19th - thaum ntxov 19th centuries); S. improvisers, uas txhua zaus nthuav tawm cov phiaj xwm hauv txoj kev tshiab (VP Shchegolyonok - lig xyoo pua 20th, MS Kryukova - 19th caug xyoo). Raws li cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws S., cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv zos tau tshwm sim (Onega, Dawb Hiav Txwv, Pechora, Mezen, thiab lwm yam), thiab tom qab lawv, ntau cov kev cai hauv zos. Ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws S. Rus. North — TG Ryabinin, AM Kryukova, GL Kryukov, MD Krivopolenova, AP Sorokin, HS Bogdanova, GA Yakushov, FA Konashkov. Kom nrov ua hauj lwm ntawm S. los ntawm lub 20s. Xyoo 80th tau teeb tsa lawv cov kev ua yeeb yam pej xeem hauv nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Russia thiab Zap. Teb chaws Europe.

Thawj cov neeg sau thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Nar. lub epic ntes tau tsuas yog theem kawg ntawm nws lub neej nquag (mid-19th caug xyoo) - feem ntau nyob rau sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia thiab, mus rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus, nyob rau hauv Siberia. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv lub Cossack ib puag ncig, epics tau hloov mus rau hauv epic nkauj, ua yeeb yam los ntawm pab pawg hu nkauj rau cov suab paj nruag.

S. qee zaum hu. ua yeeb yam ntawm epic ntawm lwm haiv neeg ntawm lub USSR - Kazakh, Zhirshi, Turkmen. Bakhshi, Yakuts, Olonkhosutov, thiab lwm yam.

References: Rybnikov PN, Ceeb toom ntawm tus sau, hauv sau: Nkauj sau los ntawm PN Rybnikov, ntu 3 - Folk epics, antiquities, mus ntsib thiab nkauj, Petrozavodsk, 1864, vol. 1, M., 1909; ib. Hilferding A., Olonets xeev thiab nws cov pej xeem rhapsody, nyob rau hauv sau: Onega epics, kaw los ntawm AF Hilferding nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1871, St. Petersburg, 1873; Lyatsky E., Narrator IT Ryabinin thiab nws cov lus piav qhia, "Ethnographic Review", 1894, phau ntawv. 23, nr 4, s. 105–35; Miller Sun. F., Essays ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv, vol. 1, M., 1897; ib. Arkhangelsk epics thiab keeb kwm nkauj sau los ntawm AD Grigoriev hauv 1899-1901, vol. Ib., 1, p. 1904-333 (nrog daim ntawv suab paj nruag); Onchukov N., Pechora epics, St. Petersburg, 91, p. I-XXXIII; Speransky M., Lavxias teb sab lus sau ntawv, vol. 1904 – Epics. Keeb Kwm Nkauj, ed. thiab nrog ntawv. M. Speransky, M., 2, p. VII-XX; Sokolov B., Narrators, M., 1919; Sokolov Yu. M., Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, M., 1924, p. 1938–232; Astakhova A., Epic creativity ntawm sab qaum teb peasants, nyob rau hauv sau: Epics ntawm North, vol. 46, M.-L., 1, nr. 1938–7; nws tus kheej, Lavxias teb sab epic epic nyob rau sab qaum teb, Petrozavodsk, 105; Ukhov PD, Byliny, nyob rau hauv lub sau: Lavxias teb sab pej xeem poetic creativity, M., 1948, p. 1956-350 : kuv.

I. Yog. Lesenchuk