Syncope |

los ntawm Greek synkope - truncation

Hloov qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm metrically muaj zog tuav mus rau ib qho tsis muaj zog. Ib qho xwm txheej yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm lub suab los ntawm lub sijhawm tsis muaj zog mus rau lub sijhawm muaj zog lossis lub sijhawm muaj zog:

thiab lwm yam. Lo lus "C", qhia nyob rau hauv ars nova era, yog qev los ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, qhov uas nws txhais tau hais tias qhov poob ntawm lub suab tsis txaus siab lossis lub suab suab hauv ib lo lus. Hauv suab paj nruag, nws tsis tsuas yog poob ntawm lub sijhawm tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab qhov pib ntxov ntxov ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis kuj muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ntxhov siab. S. tuaj yeem yog ob qho "kev cia siab" thiab "rov qab" (saib: Braudo IA, Articulation, pp. 78-91), txawm hais tias qhov kev sib txawv no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tseeb.

Nyob rau hauv nruj-style polyphony, S., feem ntau tsim los ntawm kev ncua, yog qhov tseem ceeb ncua sijhawm:

Tom qab polyphony, qhov twg dissonances yog siv dawb do, cov kev npaj txuam nrog lub suab dissonant ntawm pab koomtes coj tus cwj pwm ntawm ua ntej C. Nyob rau hauv pl. rooj plaub, kev taw qhia ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau: xws li, piv txwv li, yog cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov metric. txhawb nqa, tsim kom muaj kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev txav mus los, raws li thaum pib ntawm lub allegro ntawm 1st feem ntawm Mozart's symphony hauv D-dur (K.-V. 504). Lub ntsiab S. lub cim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseeb accentuation los ntawm tus qauv uas tau muab los ntawm lub moos ntsuas, uas tsim kom muaj lub suab nrov. "Dissonances", uas yog daws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm coincidence ntawm ob accentuations:

L. Beethoven. 4th symphony, 1st zog.

Mus rau lub suab tsis sib haum xeeb uas xav tau kev daws teeb meem belongs rau lub thiaj li hu ua. hemiola.

Qhov sib txawv los ntawm ib txwm accentuation ua rau cov theorists ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. attribute S. (syncopatio) rau lub suab paj nruag rhetoric. cov duab, piv txwv li, sib txawv los ntawm hom kev qhia ib txwm muaj (raws li cov lus piav qhia thaum ub tau hais tseg).

Rau tib lub laj thawj, lub tswv yim ntawm S. tom qab ntawd tau txuas ntxiv mus rau txhua hom tsis-metric. lus, incl. rau cov xwm txheej thaum qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog yog ua raws li kev ncua ntawm lub suab nrov, tsis yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm lub suab (

), raws li zoo raws li ib ntus accents ntawm ib tug metrically tsis muaj zog ntaus, thaum nws muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ceeb toom tshaj lub zog yav dhau los (saib Lombard atherosclerosis).

Hom kawg suav nrog ntau lub suab lus dab neeg; lawv zoo ib yam li antique. iambic los yog nruab nrab-xyoo pua. 2nd hom, to-rye nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub moos atherosclerosis yog perceived li S., tab sis los ntawm lawv cov xwm yog ib tug ua ntej rhythmic. lub kaw lus uas lub sij hawm tsis yog txhais tau tias ntawm accentuation thiab qhov chaw faib ntawm accents tsis tswj los ntawm kev ntsuas (saib Meter).

Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm S. ntawm qhov tseeb thiab qhov ntsuas. accentuation. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm meter thiab accentuation hauv qee kis ua rau lub ntsuas ntsuas. kev txhawb nqa (txawm tias lawv tsis siv hauv lub suab), tsim kom muaj ib qho ext. jerks, hais txog qhov tseeb tempo, nyob rau hauv lwm tus - obscures lub metric. txhawb thiab tsim ib hom tempo rubato ("stealing tempo").

S. ntawm hom 1 yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nrawm nrawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv classic. suab paj nruag (qhov twg "rhythmic zog" dominates), nrog rau kev seev cev. thiab jazz suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th; S. ntawm thawj hom predominate ntawm no (piv txwv li, pib ntawm lub pianoforte ntawm lub sonata op. 31 Tsis yog 1, G-dur thiab coda los ntawm Beethoven's Leonora No 3 overture, S. nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauj lwm los ntawm R. Schumann).

Tsis tshua muaj, kev ua kom lub meter thiab tempo ua tiav los ntawm kev ncua S. (piv txwv li, Beethoven's Coriolan overture, lub ntsiab ntawm PI Tchaikovsky's Romeo thiab Juliet overture). Nyob rau hauv romantic Music feem ntau ntsib S. ntawm qhov opposite, "rubat" xwm. Rhythm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, dissonances tej zaum yuav nyob twj ywm tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem (piv txwv li, thaum kawg ntawm Liszt piece "Bénédiction de Dieu dans la solitude" rau piano):

P. Nplooj. Benediction de Dieu dans la solitude, daim rau piano.

Nyob rau hauv ntau lawm romantics, ncua Cs yog dav siv. Cov txheej txheem raug yog qhov ncua sij hawm ntawm lub suab paj nruag, zoo ib yam li raug tshem tawm hauv kev ornamentation ntawm muses. baroque style (, ua) thiab sawv cev rau sau tawm rubato, raws li nws tau nkag siab hauv 17-18 centuries:

F. Chopin. Fantasy f-moll rau piano.

Cia siab tias S. ntawm cov romantics, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm AN Scriabin, sharpening lub suab paj nruag. dissonances tsis hais txog metric. pulsation.

P. Chopin. Nocturne c-moll rau piano.

References: Braudo IA, Articulation, L., 1965; Mazel LA, Zukkerman VA, Analysis of music works. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv me, M., 1967, p. 191-220 : kuv.

MG Kev