Stylization |
Stylization (German Stilisierung, Fabkis stylisation, los ntawm Latin stylus, Greek stulos - ib tug stick rau sau rau ntawm waxed ntsiav tshuaj, sau ntawv, suab) - ib tug txhob txwm ua si ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb. nta music k.-l. neeg, muaj tswv yim era, art. cov lus qhia, tsis tshua muaj ib tug neeg composer style nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm, teej tug mus rau ib tug txawv teb chaws los yog ib ntus txheej, teej tug mus rau lub tswv yim. tus kheej nrog rau lwm yam txuj ci. chaw. S. tsis zoo ib yam rau qhov kev thov rau kev lig kev cai, thaum tsim kev kos duab. cov qauv raug pauv mus rau cov xwm txheej thiab ntuj tsim rau lawv (piv txwv li, kev txuas ntxiv ntawm Beethoven cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm I. Brahms), nrog rau kev coj ua, uas yog kev luam tawm tsis muaj qhov zoo tshiab (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hauv classical. hom F. Lachner) thiab yooj yim tig mus ua imitation. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lawv, S. xav tias qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tus qauv xaiv thiab kev hloov ntawm cov qauv no mus rau hauv ib yam khoom ntawm cov duab, ib yam khoom ntawm imitation (piv txwv li, suite nyob rau hauv lub qub style "Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Holberg" op. 40 Grieg). Tus sau ntawm S. nyiam kho nws li ib yam dab tsi uas nyob sab nraud, nyiam nrog nws qhov txawv txav, tab sis tseem nyob ntawm qhov deb - ib ntus, lub teb chaws, tus kheej stylistic; S. txawv ntawm kev ua raws li kev lig kev cai tsis yog los ntawm kev siv, tab sis los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom uas tau pom ua ntej, tsis yog organically. kev sib txuas nrog nws, tab sis qhov rov tsim dua ntawm nws sab nraum qhov uas tau yug los rau nws. ib puag ncig; Lub ntsiab lus ntawm S. yog nyob rau hauv nws cov xwm txheej thib ob (vim S. yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev taw qhia rau cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm). Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm S. stylized phenomena ua indefinitely. mus rau ib tug tsawg dua li conditional, uas yog, muaj nuj nqis tsis yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, tab sis raws li cov nqa ntawm lub ntsiab lus allegorical. Rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam no, ib lub sijhawm ntawm "kev sib txawv" yog qhov tsim nyog (lub sij hawm ntawm VB Shklovsky, qhia txog cov xwm txheej uas ua txhaum "automatism ntawm kev xaav" thiab ua rau ib tug pom ib yam dab tsi los ntawm qhov txawv ntawm qhov pom), uas ua rau pom tseeb. reconstructive, Secondary xwm ntawm C.
Xws li lub sijhawm tsis txaus ntseeg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm thawj (piv txwv li, hauv No 4 thiab No 7 los ntawm Ravel's Noble thiab Sentimental Waltzes, muaj ntau dua Viennese ntxim nyiam tshaj hauv Viennese thawj, thiab Debussy's Hmo ntuj hauv Grenada surpasses lus Mev tiag. nyob rau hauv concentration ntawm Spanish xim . suab paj nruag), kev taw qhia ntawm stylistic txawv txawv rau lawv. cov ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, niaj hnub dissonant kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub resurrecting qub aria ntawm 2nd ib feem ntawm lub sonata rau piano los ntawm Stravinsky) thiab txawm lub ntsiab lus teb nws tus kheej (nyob rau hauv uas, piv txwv li, tsuas yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm stylized seev cev nyob rau hauv Taneyev's Minuet yog qhia) , thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tseeb heev reproduction - lub npe (fp. ntawm qhov kev ua si "Nyob rau hauv lub yam ntawm ... Borodin, Chabrier" los ntawm Ravel, "Tsim rau Ravel" los ntawm Honegger). Sab nraud ntawm defamiliarization, S. poob nws qhov tshwj xeeb. Kev ua tau zoo thiab - raug rau kev ua tau zoo - mus txog qhov qub (tsim tag nrho cov subtleties ntawm cov pej xeem lingering song "Chorus ntawm Villagers" los ntawm 4th ua yeeb yam "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor" los ntawm Borodin; Lyubasha zaj nkauj los ntawm 1 txoj cai ntawm lub opera "Tus Tsar's Bride" los ntawm Rimsky -Korsakov).
S. occupies ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho system ntawm suab paj nruag. nyiaj txiag. Nws txhawb kev kos duab ntawm nws lub sijhawm thiab nws lub tebchaws nrog muses. discoveries ntawm lwm eras thiab haiv neeg. Qhov rov qab qhov xwm txheej ntawm semantics thiab tsis muaj qhov qub tshiab yog them rau los ntawm kev tsim cov semantics nplua nuj hauv kev sib koom ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd, S. yuav tsum muaj kab lis kev cai siab ntawm ob qho tib si los ntawm nws cov neeg tsim khoom (txawm li cas los xij, S. tsis nce siab tshaj qib ntawm eclecticism) thiab los ntawm cov neeg mloog, leej twg yuav tsum tau npaj kom txaus siab rau "suab paj nruag txog suab paj nruag." Kev vam khom ntawm kev coj noj coj ua yog ob qho tib si lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm S.: hais txog kev txawj ntse thiab tsim kev saj, S. ib txwm los ntawm kev paub, tab sis xws li nws inevitably txi kev xav tam sim ntawd thiab kev pheej hmoo los ua kev xav.
Cov khoom ntawm S. tuaj yeem ua txhua yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Feem ntau cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov suab paj nruag-keeb kwm yog stylized. era los yog lub teb chaws suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai (objectively balanced sounding nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm lub choral polyphony ntawm nruj kev sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Wagner's Parsifal; Lalo's Lavxias teb sab Concerto rau violin thiab orchestra). Muses uas tau mus rau yav dhau los kuj feem ntau stylized. Ib hom ntawv nyeem (Gavotte thiab Rigaudon los ntawm Prokofiev's Kaum Ib Hlis rau piano, op. 12; Hindemith's madrigals rau choir a cappella), qee zaum cov ntaub ntawv (ib daim ntawv yuav luag Haydnian sonata hauv Prokofiev's Classical Symphony) thiab cov ntawv sau. cov tswv yim (tus cwj pwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm Baroque, lub ntsiab lus thematic, ua ntu zus thiab xaus rau hauv 1 lub ntsiab lus ntawm fugue los ntawm Stravinsky's Symphony of Psalms). Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg sau cov style yog rov tsim dua ntau zaus (Mozart's improvisation hauv Opera Mozart thiab Salieri los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov; Paganini's "dab ntxwg nyoog pizzicato" nyob rau hauv lub 19th variation ntawm Rachmaninov's Rhapsody ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm Paganini tus cwj pwm ntawm fantasies. tau dhau los ua suab paj nruag hauv electronic). Feem ntau, k.-l. yog stylized. suab paj nruag element. lus: fret harmonic. cov qauv (reminiscent ntawm modal diatonic nkauj "Ronsard - rau nws tus ntsuj plig" los ntawm Ravel), suab paj nruag. thiab textured tsim cov ntsiab lus (ib tug solemn dotted gait nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm JB Lully lub overtures rau "24 Violins ntawm tus huab tais" nyob rau hauv lub prologue ntawm Stravinsky's Apollo Musagete; arpeggiated "kev hlub" nrog rau hauv lub duet ntawm Natasha thiab Sonya los ntawm 1st scene ntawm lub Opera "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb" los ntawm Prokofiev), cov neeg ua haujlwm ua yeeb yam (cov cuab yeej qub qub hauv cov qhab nia ntawm tus ntaus pob "Agon" los ntawm Stravinsky) thiab kev ua yeeb yam ("Suab ntawm ashug" nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam mugham los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Yuav luag. "los ntawm Spendiarov), timbre ntawm lub twj paj nruag (lub suab ntawm lub psaltery reproduced los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ib tug harp thiab piano nyob rau hauv lub taw qhia ntawm lub opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila", guitars - los ntawm combining lub harp thiab thawj violins nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab. ib feem ntawm Glinka's "Jota ntawm Aragon"). Thaum kawg, S. succumbs rau ib yam dab tsi ntau ntau - ib tug xim los yog lub xeev ntawm lub siab uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug romanticized sawv cev tshaj li muaj tiag prototypes (lub conditionally oriental style nyob rau hauv Suav thiab Arabic seev cev los ntawm lub ballet Lub Nutcracker los ntawm Tchaikovsky; Qub Castle" los ntawm "Cov duab ntawm ib qho Exhibition" rau Mussorgsky; reverently ecstatic contemplation nyob rau hauv cov xwm ntawm ascetic Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv "Epic Song" los ntawm "Peb Zaj Nkauj ntawm Don Quixote rau Dulcinea" rau lub suab nrog piano Ravel). Yog li, lo lus "S." muaj ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus dav dav heev uas cov ciam teb ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm S. raug tshem tawm: nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev tshwm sim huab, S. los ua qhov tsis txawv ntawm qhov stylized, los yog nws cov dej num ua indistinguishable los ntawm cov dej num ntawm tej suab paj nruag.
S. yog keeb kwm conditioned. Nws tsis yog thiab tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv preclassic. Lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag: cov suab paj nruag ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab ib feem ntawm lub Renaissance, tsis paub los yog txaus siab rau tus sau tus kheej, txuas lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev txawj ntse ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev sau suab paj nruag rau nws liturgical. teem caij. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov suab paj nruag dav dav. lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab lis kev cai no, ascending Ch. arr. rau Gregorian chant, txiav tawm qhov ua tau ntawm kev pom zoo "stylistic. poob.” Txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm JS Bach, cim los ntawm ib tug haib tus kheej, fugues ze rau suab paj nruag ntawm ib tug nruj style, piv txwv li. lub choral adaptation ntawm "Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt", tsis yog S., tab sis ib tug tribute rau ib tug archaic, tab sis tsis tuag kev lig kev cai (Protestant chant). Viennese classics, tseem ceeb txhawb lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kheej stylistic. pib, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob active creativity. txoj hauj lwm kom kaw C: tsis stylized, tab sis muaj tswv yim rethought Nar. Ib hom ntawv motifs los ntawm J. Haydn, Italian cov txheej txheem. bel canto los ntawm WA Mozart, intonations ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm Great Fabkis. kiv puag ncig los ntawm L. Beethoven. Ntawm qhov sib koom ntawm S. lawv yuav tsum rov tsim dua sab nraud. Sab hnub tuaj yam ntxwv. suab paj nruag (tej zaum yog vim kev txaus siab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm txawv teb chaws kev nom kev tswv lub sij hawm), feem ntau playful ("Turkish nruas" nyob rau hauv lub rondo alla turca los ntawm lub sonata rau piano A-dur, K.-V. 331, Mozart "Chorus Janissaries" los ntawm Mozart's opera "Lub Abduction los ntawm Seraglio"; comical cov duab ntawm "cov qhua los ntawm Constantinople" nyob rau hauv lub opera "Pharmacist" los ntawm Haydn, thiab lwm yam). Tsis tshua pom nyob hauv Europe. suab paj nruag ua ntej ("Gallant India" los ntawm Rameau), sab hnub tuaj. kab txawv ntev tseem nyob ib txwm. cov khoom ntawm kev cai S. nyob rau hauv opera suab paj nruag (CM Weber, J. Wiese, G. Verdi, L. Delibes, G. Puccini). Romanticism, nrog rau nws cov kev xav ntau ntxiv rau tus kheej style, xim hauv zos, thiab cov huab cua ntawm lub sijhawm, tau ua txoj hauv kev rau kev sib kis ntawm S., Txawm li cas los xij, romantic composers, uas tig mus rau cov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej, tshuav tsawg tsawg, txawm hais tias cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm S. . (piv txwv li, Chopin), "Paganini", "German Waltz" los ntawm "Carnival" rau pianoforte Schumann). Nyias S. muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Cov kws sau ntawv (piv txwv li, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Lisa thiab Polina, kev sib cuam tshuam "Kev Ntseeg ntawm Tus Tswv Yug Yaj" los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Tus Poj huab tais ntawm Spades" los ntawm Tchaikovsky; cov nkauj ntawm cov qhua txawv teb chaws los ntawm opera "Sadko" los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov: hauv cov nkauj ntawm Vedenets qhua, raws li VA Tsukkerman, S. polyphony ntawm ib tug nruj style qhia lub sij hawm, thiab hom ntawm barcarolle - qhov chaw ntawm kev txiav txim). Rus. Rau feem ntau, suab paj nruag hais txog sab hnub tuaj tsis tuaj yeem hu ua S., yog li kev nkag siab tob hauv Russia ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm thaj chaw thiab keeb kwm ze rau sab hnub tuaj (txawm hais tias me ntsis kev nkag siab, tsis muaj ethnography, raug). Txawm li cas los xij, ironically hais txog, "ntau dhau oriental" nplooj ntawv hauv opera Golden Cockerel los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov tuaj yeem suav tias yog S.
S. tau txais kev loj hlob tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm nek-ry general tendencies ntawm niaj hnub. suab paj nruag. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (thiab feem ntau qhov zoo ntawm kev kos duab niaj hnub) yog universalism, piv txwv li kev txaus siab rau suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm thiab tib neeg. Kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv sab ntsuj plig discoveries ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog yog reflected tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm G. de Macaux's Play of Robin thiab Marion, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm Respighi's Gregorian Violin Concerto; ntxuav ntawm kev lag luam vulgarity. Jazz sawv cev C. Negro. music hauv fp. Debussy Preludes, Op. M. Ravel. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, niaj hnub kev txawj ntse suab paj nruag yog ib qho chaw yug me nyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm stylistic tiam sis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm neoclassicism. Neoclassicism tab tom nrhiav kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev tsis ruaj khov ntawm niaj hnub no. lub neej nyob rau hauv kev luam tawm ntawm cov dab neeg, cov ntaub ntawv, cov tswv yim uas tau sawv qhov kev xeem ntawm lub sij hawm, uas ua rau S. (nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov gradations) ib tug cwj pwm ntawm no txias lub hom phiaj kos duab. Thaum kawg, ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm lub comic nyob rau hauv niaj hnub. kos duab tsim ib qho kev xav tau rau S., ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig nrog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua yeeb yam - lub peev xwm los sawv cev rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tshwm sim stylized nyob rau hauv daim ntawv exaggerated. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug comedic txoj kev, qhov ntau yuav qhia. suab paj nruag possibilities. S. yog qhov dav heev: kev lom zem me ntsis nyob rau hauv me ntsis overly sultry "Nyob rau hauv imitation ntawm Albeniz" rau FP. Shchedrin, txawj ntse FP. preludes los ntawm Cuban A. Taño ("Rau Impressionist Composers", "National Composers", "Expressionist Composers", "Pointillist Composers"), kev lom zem parody ntawm opera templates nyob rau hauv Prokofiev Txoj Kev Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv, tsis tshua muaj neeg zoo, tab sis stylistically impeccable "Mavra" los ntawm Stravinsky, me ntsis caricatured "Peb Graces" los ntawm Slonimsky rau piano. ("Botticelli" yog ib lub ntsiab lus uas sawv cev los ntawm "Renaissance seev cev suab paj nruag", "Rodin" yog qhov thib ob variation nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Ravel, "Picasso" yog qhov thib ob variation "hauv Stravinsky"). Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub S. suab paj nruag tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm. txais tos. Yog li, S. (feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm ancient concerti grossi) yog suav nrog hauv collages (piv txwv li, lub ntsiab lus stylized "tom qab Vivaldi" nyob rau hauv lub 2st txav ntawm A. Schnittke lub symphony nqa tib lub semantic load raws li cov quotations nkag mus rau hauv suab paj nruag) . Nyob rau hauv lub 2s. ib tug "retro" stylistic qauv tau coj cov duab, uas, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau yav dhau los serial overcomplexity, zoo li rov qab mus rau cov qauv yooj yim; S. ntawm no dissolves mus rau hauv ib qho kev thov rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm muses. lus - rau "ntshiab tonality", triad.
References: Troitsky V. Yu., Stylization, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Lo Lus thiab Duab, M., 1964; Savenko S., Ntawm cov lus nug ntawm kev sib sau ntawm Stravinsky style, nyob rau hauv sau: IF Stravinsky, M., 1973; Kon Yu., Hais txog ob lub fugues los ntawm I. Stravinsky, hauv sau: Polyphony, M., 1975.
TS Kyuregyan
