Nicola Porpora |

Nicola Porpora: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Pорпора. Siab Jupiter

Italian composer thiab tus kws qhia suab. Ib tug neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Neapolitan opera.

Nws tau txais nws kev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm Neapolitan Conservatory Dei Poveri di Gesu Cristo, uas nws nkag mus rau hauv 1696. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1708 nws tau ua nws qhov kev vam meej ua tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam (Agrippina), tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Hesse-Darmstadt. , thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais ib lub npe zoo sib xws los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev Portuguese hauv Rome. Nyob rau hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 1726, ntau operas los ntawm Porpora tau staged tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Naples, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm lub nroog Italian, thiab nyob rau hauv Vienna. Los ntawm 1733, nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv Incurabili Conservatory nyob rau hauv Venice, thiab nyob rau hauv 1736, tau txais ib tug caw los ntawm Askiv, nws mus rau London, qhov twg mus txog rau thaum 1747 nws yog lub ntsiab composer ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua "Opera ntawm lub Nobility" ("Opera. ntawm Nobility”), uas tau sib tw nrog Handel's troupe. . Thaum nws rov qab los rau Ltalis, Porpora ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw khaws cia hauv Venice thiab Naples. Lub sijhawm los ntawm 1751 txog 1753 nws tau siv nyob rau hauv Saxon lub tsev hais plaub hauv Dresden ua tus kws qhia suab, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tus thawj coj. Tsis pub dhau 1760, nws tau tsiv mus rau Vienna, qhov chaw nws tau los ua tus kws qhia suab paj nruag ntawm lub tsev hais plaub imperial (nws yog lub sijhawm no uas J. Haydn yog nws tus nrog sib tham thiab tub ntxhais kawm). Hauv XNUMX nws rov qab mus rau Naples. Nws siv xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv kev txom nyem.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Porpora txoj haujlwm yog opera. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws tsim txog 50 tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hom ntawv no, sau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm (cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog "Rau Semiramis", "Ariadne ntawm Naxos", "Themistocles"). Raws li txoj cai, Porpora's operas xav tau lub suab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, vim lawv txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj, feem ntau virtuoso lub suab. Lub operatic style kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam hauj lwm heev heev ntawm tus composer - solo cantatas, oratorios, pieces ntawm pedagogical repertoire ("solfeggio"), raws li zoo raws li compositions rau lub tsev teev ntuj. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag, Porpora cov keeb kwm tseem suav nrog kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag (cello thiab flute concertos, Royal Overture rau orchestra, 25 pawg sonatas ntawm ntau yam kev sau thiab 2 fugues rau harpsichord).

Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntau ntawm cov kws sau ntawv yog tus naas ej hu nkauj Farinelli, nrog rau tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam Traetta.