Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

Cov Neeg Artist ntawm RSFSR (1954). Nyob rau hauv 1917 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Petrograd Conservatory, qhov uas nws kawm piano los ntawm EP Daugovet, sau los ntawm VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, thiab ua los ntawm NN Cherepnin. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Petrograd Theatre of Musical Drama. Nyob rau hauv 1920-31 nws yog ib tug neeg xyuas pib ntawm Leningrad Opera thiab Ballet Theatre, qhov uas nws tsuas yog ua ballets (Glazunov's Four Seasons, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Gliere's The Red Poppy, thiab lwm yam). Nws ua raws li ib tug symphony conductor. Nyob rau hauv 1930-33 nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Leningrad Philharmonic, nyob rau hauv 1936-41 - ntawm lub State Symphony Orchestra ntawm lub USSR, nyob rau hauv 1933-36 neeg xyuas pib, nyob rau hauv 1953-62 tus thawj coj thiab artistic thawj coj ntawm lub Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra ntawm tag nrho cov. -Union Radio.

Monumental tej hauj lwm nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv Gauk's varied repertoire. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kev taw qhia, ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv Soviet tau ua thawj zaug. Cov kev ua ub no ntawm Gauk tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Soviet tus neeg saib xyuas kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1927-33 thiab 1946-48 nws qhia nyob rau Leningrad Conservatory, nyob rau hauv 1941-43 nyob rau hauv lub Tbilisi Conservatory, nyob rau hauv 1939-63 nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory, thiab txij li thaum 1948 nws tau ua ib tug xib fwb. Gauk cov tub ntxhais kawm suav nrog EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, thiab lwm yam.

Tus sau ntawm symphony, symphonietta rau txoj hlua orchestra, overture, concertos nrog orchestra (rau harp, piano), romances thiab lwm yam hauj lwm. Nws siv lub Opera The Marriage los ntawm Mussorgsky (1917), Lub Caij thiab 2 lub voj voog ntawm Tchaikovsky's romances (1942), thiab lwm yam. Nws tau rov qab Rachmaninov's 1st symphony siv lub suab orchestral tseem muaj sia nyob. Cov tshooj los ntawm cov memoirs ntawm Gauk tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub collection "The Mastery of the Performing Artist", M., 1972.

"Kev npau suav ntawm kev coj ua tau nyob hauv kuv muaj txij thaum muaj peb xyoos," Gauck sau rau hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia. Thiab txij li thaum nws tseem hluas, nws tsis tu ncua siv zog kom paub qhov npau suav no. Nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory, Gauk kawm piano nrog F. Blumenfeld, ces kawm muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog V. Kalafati, I. Vitol thiab A. Glazunov, mastered lub kos duab ntawm kev coj nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm N. Cherepnin.

Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub conservatory nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm lub Great Lub kaum hli ntuj Revolution, Gauk pib nws txoj hauj lwm raws li ib tug accompanist ntawm lub suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam Theatre. Thiab tsuas yog ob peb hnub tom qab lub yeej ntawm Soviet hwj chim, nws thawj zaug sawv ntawm lub podium ua nws debut nyob rau hauv ib tug ua yeeb yam opera. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1 (raws li cov qauv qub) Tchaikovsky "Cherevichki" tau ua.

Gauk tau dhau los ua ib tus thawj kws ntaus nkauj uas tau txiav txim siab muab nws lub peev xwm rau kev pabcuam cov neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm hnyav xyoo ntawm kev tsov kev rog, nws ua si nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Red Army raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug artistic pab tub rog, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-ntau xyoo, ua ke nrog lub Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, nws mus rau Svirstroy, Pavlovsk thiab Sestroretsk. Yog li, cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai tau qhib ua ntej cov neeg tuaj saib tshiab.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau ua si los ntawm xyoo thaum nws coj Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). Gauk hu ua pab pawg no "nws tus kws qhia." Tab sis ntawm no kev sib nrig sib txhawb tau tshwm sim - Gauk muaj ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub orchestra, uas tom qab ntawd yeej lub ntiaj teb koob meej. Yuav luag ib txhij, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj tau tsim. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm tus kws ntaus pob tesniv ntawm Opera thiab Ballet Theatre (yav tas los Mariinsky), ntawm lwm yam haujlwm, nws nthuav tawm cov neeg tuaj saib nrog cov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet choreography - V. Deshevov's "Red Whirlwind" (1924), "The Golden Age" (1930) thiab "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

Nyob rau hauv 1933, Gauk tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab mus txog rau thaum 1936 ua hauj lwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub All-Union Xov tooj cua. Nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kws sau ntawv Soviet tau ntxiv dag zog ntxiv. "Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntawd," nws sau hais tias, "lub sijhawm zoo siab heev, muaj zog thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag ... Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky tau ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv lub neej suab paj nruag ... ntawm symphonies nws sau. "

Thiab yav tom ntej, tau coj lub Xeev Symphony Orchestra ntawm USSR (1936-1941), Gauk, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag classic, feem ntau suav nrog cov kws sau ntawv Soviet hauv nws cov haujlwm. Nws tau tso siab rau thawj qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm nws cov haujlwm los ntawm S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli thiab lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag yav dhau los, Gauk feem ntau tig mus ua haujlwm uas, rau ib qho laj thawj lossis lwm qhov, tsis quav ntsej los ntawm cov neeg coj. Nws tau ua tiav qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov classics: lub oratorio "Samson" los ntawm Handel, Bach's Mass nyob rau hauv B me, "Requiem", Lub Pam Tuag thiab Triumphal Symphony, "Harold hauv Ltalis", "Romeo thiab Julia" los ntawm Berlioz ...

Txij li xyoo 1953, Gauk tau ua tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Grand Symphony Orchestra ntawm All-Union Xov tooj cua thiab TV. Hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog pab pawg no, nws tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg hauv nws txoj kev tswj hwm. Piav txog qhov muaj tswv yim zoo ntawm nws cov npoj yaig, A. Melik-Pashayev tau sau tias: "Nws txoj kev coj ua yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tswj hwm sab nraud nrog kev kub hnyiab tsis tu ncua, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xyaum ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev xav "load". Oi tau nqis peev pab rau kev npaj txhua yam nws mob siab rau ua tus kws kos duab, tag nrho nws txoj kev paub, tag nrho nws cov khoom plig pedagogical, thiab ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj, zoo li qhuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, nws tau mob siab txhawb qhov hluav taws kub ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo siab hauv cov kws ua yeeb yam orchestra. , kindled los ntawm nws. Thiab ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv nws cov yeeb yam zoo nkauj: thaum rov hais dua, tsis txhob luam koj tus kheej, tab sis sim nyeem cov haujlwm "nrog ob lub qhov muag", ua rau muaj kev nkag siab tshiab hauv kev txhais lus ntau dua thiab paub zoo, zoo li hloov kev xav thiab kev xav rau hauv txawv, ntau subtle ua tus yuam sij.

Xib Fwb Gauk tau coj tag nrho lub galaxy ntawm cov thawj coj loj hauv Soviet. Nyob rau ntau lub sij hawm nws qhia nyob rau hauv Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) thiab Moscow (txij li thaum 1948) conservatories. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm yog A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov thiab lwm tus.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969