Alexei Nikolaevich Titov |

Alexey Titov

Nikolay Sergeevich TITOVY (? — 1776) Alexei Nikolaevich (23 Lub Xya Hli 1769, St. Petersburg – 20 XI 1827, ibid.) Sergei Nikolaevich (1770 – 5 V 1825) Nikolai Alekseevich (10 V 1800 XII, Petersburg, 22, II. ) Mikhail Alekseevich (1875 IX 17, St. Petersburg - 1804 XII 15, Pavlovsk) Nikolai Sergeevich (1853 - 1798, Moscow)

Tsev neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag Titovs tshuav ib tug ceeb cim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub era ntawm "enlightened dilettantism". Lawv cov kev ua suab paj nruag tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, suav nrog lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm 6th thiab thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1766th. 1769 cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg noble yog cov neeg nyiam ua suab paj nruag, raws li lawv tau hais thaum ntawd, "cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm". Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse txawj ntse, lawv mob siab rau lawv lub sijhawm dawb rau kev ua yeeb yam zoo, tsis muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb, kev kawm suab paj nruag. Raws li yog kev cai nyob rau hauv lub aristocratic vajvoog, lawv tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv kev ua tub rog thiab muaj qib siab, los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm mus rau loj general. Cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm no suab paj nruag dynasty, colonel, lub xeev councilor NS Titov, yog ib tug naas ej kws sau paj lug, playwright thiab composer ntawm Catherine lub sij hawm. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm, nws yog ib tug passionate lover ntawm lub ua yeeb yam thiab nyob rau hauv 1767 tau qhib ib tug ua yeeb yam tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv Moscow, uas yog mus txog rau thaum 1795, thaum nws cov xeeb ntxwv tau dhau mus rau cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws Belmonti thiab Chinti. NS Titov tau tsim ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab ib zaug, suav nrog "Tus Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Phem" (tso tawm xyoo 1768 hauv Moscow) thiab "Yuav ua li cas, nws yuav tsis raug zam, lossis Vain Ceev faj" (tso tawm hauv XNUMX hauv St. Petersburg). Nws paub tias, ntxiv rau cov ntawv nyeem, nws kuj tau sau suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Lavxias, hu ua "Lub Xyoo Tshiab, lossis Lub Rooj Sib Tham ntawm Vasilyev yav tsaus ntuj" (tso tawm hauv XNUMX hauv Moscow). Qhov no qhia tias nws tau sau nkauj rau lwm qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab.

Cov tub ntawm NS Titov - Alexei thiab Sergei - yog cov kws ntaus nkauj tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX - thaum ntxov xyoo pua, thiab lawv cov menyuam - Nikolai Alekseevich, Mikhail Alekseevich thiab Nikolai Sergeevich - cov neeg nyiam nyiam ua yeeb yam ntawm Pushkin lub sijhawm. Kev ua suab paj nruag ntawm cov laus Titovs tau txuas nrog kev ua yeeb yam. Muaj tswv yim biography ntawm AN Titov yog nplua nuj heev, txawm tias luv luv. Ib tug txiv neej nyob ze rau lub imperial tsev hais plaub, ib tug loj general, ib tug passionate lover ntawm kos duab, ib tug composer thiab ib tug violinist, nws yog tus tswv ntawm lub suab paj nruag salon, uas tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws center ntawm artistic lub neej ntawm St. Kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv tsev, uas feem ntau ua los ntawm cov koom haum chamber, tau koom nrog Titov cov kwv tij lawv tus kheej - Alexey Nikolayevich ntaus nkauj violin zoo heev, thiab Sergey Nikolayevich ntaus viola thiab cello - thiab ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Tus tswv ntawm lub salon nws tus kheej, raws li nws tus tub Nikolai Alekseevich, "yog tsis tshua muaj siab zoo, tus tswv ntawm kev ua neej thiab kev kho mob; kawm ntawv, txawj ntse, nws yeej ib txwm zoo siab thiab tsis tshua muaj siab nyob rau hauv zej zog, muaj lub txiaj ntsim ntawm eloquence thiab txawm sau cov lus qhuab qhia.

AN Titov tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm ua tus kws tshaj lij ua yeeb yam, tus sau ntau tshaj 20 suab paj nruag theem ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam. Ntawm lawv yog 10 operas ntawm ntau yam ntsiab lus: comic, heroic, lyric-sentimental, keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub, thiab txawm ib tug patriotic opera "Los ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm" ("Lub siab tawv ntawm ib tug Kievite, los yog cov no yog cov Russians," staged nyob rau hauv 1817 nyob rau hauv 1805. St. Petersburg). Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog niaj hnub comic operas raws cov ntawv los ntawm A. Ya. Knyaznin "Yam, los yog Chaw Nres Nkoj" (1808), "Kev Sib Sau, lossis Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lub Qhov" (1809) thiab "Ntxhais, lossis Filatkin's Wedding" (XNUMX), uas yog ib hom trilogy (tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau xa hauv St. Petersburg). AN Titov kuj tsim suab paj nruag rau ballets, melodramas, thiab ua yeeb yam. Nws cov lus suab paj nruag yog txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm European classicism, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv niaj hnub comic operas muaj ib tug tangible kev twb kev txuas nrog lub suab paj nruag ntawm Lavxias teb sab txhua hnub nkauj-kev sib hlub.

SN Titov yog ib xyoos yau dua nws tus tij laug, thiab nws txoj kev muaj tswv yim tau dhau los ua luv dua - nws tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 55. Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm ua tub rog nrog qib tub rog, xyoo 1811 nws so haujlwm thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev ua tub rog. . Ib tug tsis tu ncua ntawm kev sib tham suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv nws tus kwv lub tsev - thiab nws yog ib tug txawj ntse cellist, paub zoo nyob rau hauv lub piano thiab viola - Sergei Nikolayevich, zoo li nws tus tij laug, tsim ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag. Ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, kev ua yeeb yam sawv, uas qhia txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab, uas yog ib qho txawv txav thiab kev vam meej tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov no yog cov ballet "Tshiab Werther" (staged los ntawm I. Valberkh nyob rau hauv 1799 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg), cov heroes ntawm uas yog cov neeg nyob rau hauv Moscow ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv lub theem nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub costumes, thiab "folk vaudeville" raws li nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm A. Shakhovsky "Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm, lossis Lub Rooj Sib Tham ntawm Cov Tsis Txaus Siab" (tso tawm hauv 1814 hauv St. Petersburg), uas qhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam tawm tsam Napoleonic ntxeem tau. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub ballet sib haum mus rau nws sentimental zajlus, uas qhia txog cov kev xav ntawm tib neeg. Lub vaudeville opera Cov Neeg Peasants, lossis Lub Rooj Sib Tham ntawm Cov Neeg Tsis Muaj Cai, zoo li hom kev sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, yog tsim los ntawm kev siv pej xeem cov nkauj thiab kev sib hlub. Cov tub ntawm AN Titov - Nikolai thiab Mikhail, - thiab tus tub ntawm SN Titov - Nikolai - mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai raws li "pioneers" ntawm Lavxias teb sab romance (B. Asafiev). Lawv txoj haujlwm tau txuas nrog kev ua suab paj nruag txhua hnub hauv cov khw muag khoom ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse thiab cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm xyoo 1820-40s.

Lub koob meej loj tshaj plaws poob mus rau feem ntawm NA Titov, ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Pushkin era. Nws nyob tag nrho nws lub neej nyob rau hauv Petersburg. Rau yim xyoo nws raug xa mus rau cadet corps, ces nws tau coj mus rau hauv ob peb lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav. Nws pib kawm ntaus piano thaum muaj hnub nyoog 11-12, raws li kev qhia ntawm cov kws qhia German. Txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 xyoo, yuav luag ib nrab xyoo, nws nyob hauv kev ua tub rog, so haujlwm nrog tus thawj tub rog hauv xyoo 1867. Nws pib sau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19: nws yog lub sijhawm no, los ntawm nws tus kheej nkag, "Thawj zaug nws lub siab hais lus thiab nchuav tawm ntawm tus ntsuj plig qhov tob" nws thawj romance. Tsis muaj kev kawm theoretical uas tsim nyog, tus kws sau ntawv tshiab tau raug yuam kom "muab mus txog txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej", tsom mus rau Fabkis txoj kev sib hlub ntawm F. Boildieu, Ch. Lafon thiab lwm tus paub txog nws. , tom qab ntawd rau qee lub sijhawm nws tau txais kev qhia los ntawm Italian tus kws qhia hu nkauj Zamboni thiab los ntawm tus contrapuntalist Soliva. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb no tau luv luv, thiab feem ntau, KA Titov tseem yog tus kws qhia nws tus kheej, ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias "kev pom kev zoo siab".

Nyob rau hauv 1820, romance "Solitary Pine" tau luam tawm, uas yog thawj zaug luam tawm ua hauj lwm ntawm NA Titov thiab coj nws lub koob meej. Qhov nrov ntawm qhov kev sib hlub no tau lees paub los ntawm nws cov lus hais hauv zaj dab neeg "Tatyana Borisovna thiab nws tus xeeb ntxwv" los ntawm I. Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter": ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam thiab lub tsev noj mov-Aristocratic lub neej, Titov txoj kev hlub nyob, raws li nws yog, lub neej ywj pheej nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig no, uas twb tsis nco qab nws lub npe nws tus sau, thiab txawm erroneously ntaus nqi rau A. Varlamov.

Hauv 20s. Ntau yam kev seev cev seev cev los ntawm Titov pib luam tawm - quadrilles, polkas, marches, waltzes rau piano. Ntawm lawv muaj cov khoom ntawm lub chamber, intimate xwm, uas maj mam poob lawv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab tig mus rau hauv ib qho kev kos duab me me thiab txawm mus rau hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm. Xws li, piv txwv li, yog "Fabkis" quadrille "Kev txhaum ntawm cov hluas" (1824) thiab "Ib qho tshiab hauv 12 waltzes" hu ua "Thaum kuv tseem hluas" (1829), uas qhia txog zaj dab neeg zoo siab ntawm kev hlub tsis lees paub. Cov piano zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm NA Titov yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev simplicity, lub siab dawb paug, lub siab dawb paug, suab paj nruag, ze rau hauv style rau Lavxias teb sab kev sib hlub txhua hnub.

Hauv 30s. Tus kws sau nkauj tau ntsib M. Glinka thiab A. Dargomyzhsky, uas tau txais kev txaus siab rau nws txoj haujlwm thiab, raws li Titov nws tus kheej, hu nws tias "tus yawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev hlub." Tus phooj ywg kev sib raug zoo txuas nrog nws nrog cov kws sau ntawv I. Laskovsky thiab A. Varlamov, uas tau mob siab rau nws txoj kev hlub "Cov Hluas tau ya los ntawm nightingale mus rau Titov". Nyob rau hauv lub 60s. Nikolai Alekseevich feem ntau mus xyuas Dargomyzhsky, uas tsis tsuas yog muab tswv yim tswv yim rau nws, tab sis kuj sau nws romances "Thov zam txim rau kuv rau ib tug ntev kev sib cais" thiab "Paj" ua ob lub suab. NA Titov nyob rau 75 xyoo, ntes lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 1820. - lub hnub qub ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag classics. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj haujlwm yog tag nrho txuas nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov chaw ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm 40-XNUMXs. Composing romances, nws feem ntau tig mus rau cov paj huam los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam amateur, dilettantes zoo li nws tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws sau ntawv tsis dhau los ntawm cov paj huam ntawm nws lub sijhawm zoo - A. Pushkin ("Rau Morpheus", "Bird") thiab M. Lermontov ("Roob Peaks"). Kev sib hlub ntawm NA Titov feem ntau yog kev xav thiab kev xav, tab sis ntawm lawv kuj muaj cov duab romantic thiab lub siab nyiam. Kev txhais lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho siab yog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov ntau yam uas txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev sib cais mob ib txwm los ntawm tus neeg hlub mus rau kev mob siab rau tsev ("Vetka", "Lavxias teb sab Snow in Paris") thiab kev kho siab ntawm ib tus neeg nyiam romantic ntawm tib neeg (" Pine", "Tsis txhob xav tsis thoob, phooj ywg"). Titov cov suab paj nruag yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag, kev sov siab, thiab kev nkag siab zoo ntawm poetic intonation. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nyob rau hauv lawv cov thawj, tseem naive thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev hwm ntawm imperfect daim ntawv, sprouts ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab lyrics, cov yam ntxwv melodic lem, tej zaum yuav cia siab rau lub intonations ntawm Glinka lub romances, raug hom accompaniment, lub siab xav xav txog lub mus ob peb vas. ntawm romance nyob rau hauv lub piano ib feem, yog tsim.

Peru NA Titov muaj ntau dua 60 qhov kev sib hlub hauv Lavxias thiab Fabkis cov ntawv, ntau dua 30 daim seev cev rau piano, nrog rau kev seev cev rau orchestra (2 waltzes, quadrille). Nws paub tias nws kuj tau sau cov paj huam: qee qhov ntawm lawv tsim lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj kev sib hlub ("Ah, qhia kuv, cov neeg zoo", "Frenzy", "Silence your heart", thiab lwm yam), lwm tus tau khaws cia rau hauv phau ntawv sau. , jokingly hu los ntawm nws "Kuv txoj kev tshoov siab thiab kev ruam. Kev mob siab rau "Kuv Cov Tub", uas qhib phau ntawv no, kos lub tswv yim muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, uas pom kev xyiv fab thiab so hauv nws txoj haujlwm:

Leej twg tsis tau ua tej yam ruam hauv ntiaj teb no? Lwm tus sau paj huam, lwm tus rattled lub lyre. Vajtswv xa paj huam thiab suab paj nruag los rau kuv hauv qub txeeg qub teg, Hlub lawv nrog kuv tus ntsuj plig, kuv sau li kuv ua tau. Thiab yog li kuv thov kev zam txim Thaum nthuav qhia rau koj - lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshoov siab.

Tus kwv yau ntawm NA Titov, Mikhail Alekseevich, ua raws li tsev neeg kev lig kev cai, tau ua tus tub ceev xwm hauv Preobrazhensky Regiment. Txij li thaum xyoo 1830, nws tau so haujlwm, nws nyob hauv Pavlovsk, qhov chaw nws tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 49. Muaj pov thawj tias nws tau kawm txog kev suav nrog tus theorist Giuliani. Mikhail Alekseevich yog lub npe hu ua tus sau ntawm kev nyiam romantic rau Lavxias thiab Fabkis cov ntawv, nrog rau cov piano zoo nkauj thiab cov suab paj nruag me ntsis thiab rhiab heev, feem ntau mus rau cov style ntawm kev sib hlub siab phem ("Huag, yog tias koj nyiam li ntawd", "Vim li cas. puas tau tus npau suav zoo nkauj ploj mus", "Kev Cia Siab" - ntawm cov ntawv sau tsis paub). Noble sophistication distinguishes qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws salon seev cev daim rau piano, imbued nrog lub melancholy mus ob peb vas ntawm romanticism thaum ntxov. Lub plasticity ntawm melodics, nyob ze rau Lavxias teb sab niaj hnub romance, refinement, gracefulness ntawm kev ntxhib los mos muab lawv ib tug peculiar ntxim nyiam ntawm refined kos duab ntawm aristocratic salons.

Tus npawg ntawm NA thiab MA Titov, NS Titov, nyob tsuas yog 45 xyoo - nws tuag ntawm caj pas noj. Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tsev neeg no, nws tau ua tub rog - nws yog tus neeg saib xyuas zaj ntawm Semenovsky. Zoo li nws cov kwv tij txheeb ze, nws yog ib tug kws sau paj huam thiab tsim kev sib hlub. Nrog rau ntau qhov zoo sib xws, nws txoj haujlwm kev hlub kuj muaj nws tus kheej tus yam ntxwv. Tsis zoo li NA Titov, nrog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo thiab kev yooj yim, Nikolai Sergeevich muaj lub rooj zaum ntau dua, lub suab nrov ntawm kev xav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau mob siab rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus romantic thiab cov duab. Nws tsis tshua nyiam rau cov paj huam amateur, thiab nws nyiam cov paj huam ntawm V. Zhukovsky. E. Baratynsky, thiab feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov - A. Pushkin. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab rau kom meej meej xav txog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov ntawv sau paj huam, nws niaj hnub sim nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm atherosclerosis intonation, daim ntawv, nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm ntau niaj hnub, romantic txhais tau tias ntawm suab paj nruas qhia. Nws txoj kev sib hlub yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev muaj siab rau kev txhim kho tas mus li, kev sib piv ntawm cov qauv ntawm tib lub npe, thiab tertian correlations ntawm tonalities. Txaus siab, txawm tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm incarnation, yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev hlub "hauv peb qhov chaw" ntawm st. Baratynsky "Kev Sib cais - Tos - Rov Qab", uas yog ib qho kev sim los tsim peb feem ntawm kev loj hlob raws li kev hloov pauv hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm lub suab paj nruag hero. Ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm NS Titov yog Pushkin txoj kev sib hlub "Lub Tempest", "Tus Hu Nkauj", "Serenade", "Tus ciav ntawm Bakhchisarai Palace", uas muaj kev tawm mus los ntawm ib txwm muaj kev nkag siab ntawm kev tsim cov lus piav qhia- xav duab.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov kwv tij HA, MA thiab NS Titovs yog ib yam thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm amateur creativity ntawm Lavxias teb sab amateur composers ntawm lub Pushkin era. Nyob rau hauv lawv romances, yam ntxwv yam ntxwv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm suab paj nruas expressiveness ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab lyrics tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv seev cev miniatures, nrog rau lawv cov subtle paj huam thiab lub siab xav rau ib tug neeg ntawm cov duab, ib txoj kev tau piav qhia los ntawm txhua txhua hnub plays ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm programmatic. ntau yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag piano.

T. Korzhenyants