Sonata-cyclic daim ntawv |

Sonata-cyclic daim ntawv - ib hom cyclic ib daim ntawv uas sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev ua tiav, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ywj pheej, tab sis txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm. S. qhov tshwj xeeb - cf nyob rau hauv lub siab ideological arts. kev sib koom siab ntawm tag nrho. Txhua ntu ntawm S. – cf ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb. muaj nuj nqi, nthuav tawm ib sab ntawm ib lub tswv yim. Yog li ntawd, thaum ib qho kev ua tau zoo raug cais tawm ntawm tag nrho, nws cov khoom poob ntau dua li qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lwm hom - suite. Thawj ntu ntawm S. - cf, raws li txoj cai, yog sau rau hauv daim ntawv sonata (li no lub npe).

Lub voj voog sonata, tseem hu ua sonata-symphony, tau zoo nyob rau hauv 16th-18th centuries. Nws qub preclassical cov qauv tseem tsis qhia meej qhov sib txawv ntawm cov suite thiab lwm hom cyclic. Cov ntaub ntawv - partitas, toccatas, concerto grosso. Lawv yeej ib txwm ua raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nqi, hom kev txav ntawm lub tuam tsev. qhov chaw (li no lub npe Fabkis rau qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog - mouvement - "kev txav"). Lub tempo piv ntawm thawj ob feem qeeb-ceev los yog (tsis tshua muaj) ceev-slow feem ntau yog rov qab nrog ib tug txawm ntau sharpening ntawm lawv qhov sib piv nyob rau hauv ob khub ntawm qhov chaw; 3-thooj cycles kuj tau tsim nrog lub tempo piv ceev-slow-ceev (los yog qeeb-ceev-slow).

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau suite, muaj xws li Ch. arr. los ntawm kev ua las voos, qhov chaw ntawm sonata tsis ncaj qha incarnations ntawm c.-l. hom kev seev cev; ib tug fugue kuj ua tau nyob rau hauv lub sonata. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov tseeb.

Lub voj voog sonata kom meej meej cais los ntawm tus so ntawm lub cyclic. cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Viennese classics thiab lawv tam sim no predecessors - FE Bach, composers ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Mannheim. Classic sonata-symphony lub voj voog muaj plaub (qee zaum peb lossis ob) ntu; paub qhov txawv ntau. nws ntau yam nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Sonata yog npaj rau ib los yog ob tug, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm thiab peb (trio-sonata) ua yeeb yam, lub trio rau peb, lub quartet rau plaub, lub quintet rau tsib, lub sextet rau rau, lub septet rau xya, lub octet rau yim. ua yeeb yam thiab lwm yam; tag nrho cov ntau yam no tau koom ua ke los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm chamber hom, chamber music. Lub symphony yog ua los ntawm symphony. suab paj nruag. Kev hais kwv txhiaj feem ntau yog rau ib qho cuab yeej solo (los yog ob lossis peb lub twj paj nruag) nrog lub suab paj nruag.

Thawj ib feem ntawm lub sonata-symphony. lub voj voog - sonata allegro - nws cov duab kos duab. chaw. Qhov xwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem sib txawv - zoo siab, ua si, ua yeeb yam, tus phab ej, thiab lwm yam, tab sis nws yog ib txwm ua los ntawm kev ua si thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov kev xav dav dav hais hauv thawj ntu txiav txim siab txog kev xav ntawm tag nrho lub voj voog. Qhov thib ob yog qeeb - lyric. chaw. qhov chaw ntawm melody melody, expressiveness txuam nrog tus kheej. tib neeg kev paub. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no yog ib zaj nkauj, aria, choral. Nws siv ntau hom ntawv. Lub rondo yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, daim ntawv sonata tsis muaj kev loj hlob, daim ntawv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntau heev. Qhov thib peb hloov xim rau cov duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud, lub neej txhua hnub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev seev cev. Rau J. Haydn thiab WA Mozart, qhov no yog minuet. L. Beethoven, siv lub minuet, los ntawm 2nd sonata rau piano. nrog rau nws, nws qhia txog scherzo (qee zaus kuj pom hauv Haydn's quartets). Lub scherzo, imbued nrog ib tug playful pib, feem ntau txawv los ntawm elastic zog, npaj txhij txog hloov, thiab witty contrasts. Daim ntawv ntawm minuet thiab scherzo yog complex 3-ntu nrog trio. Qhov kawg ntawm lub voj voog, rov qab ua tus cwj pwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag thawj feem, feem ntau rov tsim dua nws nyob rau hauv ntau qhov dav dav, pej xeem hom. Rau nws, kev xyiv fab ntawm kev txav mus los, kev tsim cov kev tsis pom kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj yog qhov raug. Cov ntaub ntawv uas pom nyob rau hauv qhov kawg yog rondo, sonata, rondo-sonata, thiab variations.

Cov lus piav qhia tuaj yeem hu ua kauv-kaw. Ib hom kev xav tshiab tau coj los ua hauv Beethoven's 5th symphony (1808). Qhov kawg ntawm lub symphony nrog nws triumphantly heroic suab - qhov no tsis yog ib tug rov qab mus rau lub cim ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm thawj lub zog, tab sis lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. Yog li ntawd, xws li ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav hu ua linearly striving. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab Beethoven, hom kev voj voog no pib ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ib lo lus tshiab tau hais los ntawm Beethoven nyob rau hauv lub 9th symphony (1824), nyob rau hauv lub kawg uas nws tau qhia lub hu nkauj. G. Berlioz nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev pab cuam "Zoo heev Symphony" (1830) yog thawj zaug siv lub leitteme - "lub ntsiab lus", cov kev hloov kho uas muaj feem xyuam nrog ib tug literary zajlus.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ntau tus neeg daws teeb meem S.-ts. f. Ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev siv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb-tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog lub embodiment ntawm lub ntsiab. kos duab. cov tswv yim thiab cov xov liab dhau los ntawm tag nrho lub voj voog lossis nws tus kheej qhov chaw (PI Tchaikovsky, 5th symphony, 1888, AN Skryabin, 3rd symphony, 1903), kev sib koom ua ke ntawm txhua qhov chaw rau hauv ib qho tsis tu ncua nthuav tawm tag nrho, hauv ib lub voj voog tas li, mus rau hauv ib qho contrast-composite form (tib yam Scriabin symphony).

G. Mahler siv lub wok txawm ntau dav nyob rau hauv lub symphony. pib (soloist, hu nkauj), thiab lub 8th symphony (1907) thiab "Song of the Earth" (1908) tau sau ua hluavtaws. hom symphony-cantata, siv ntxiv los ntawm lwm cov neeg sau. P. Hindemith nyob rau hauv 1921 tsim ib yam khoom. nyob rau hauv lub npe "Chamber Music" rau me me orchestra. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub npe "suab paj nruag" dhau los ua ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm sonata voj voog. Ib hom ntawm concerto rau lub orchestra, reviving nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. preclassical kev lig kev cai, kuj yog ib tug ntawm ntau yam ntawm S. – cf ("Concerto nyob rau hauv lub qub style" los ntawm Reger, 1912, Krenek's Concerti grossi, 1921 thiab 1924, thiab lwm yam). Tseem muaj ntau tus kheej thiab hluavtaws. variants ntawm daim ntawv no, tsis amenable rau systematization.

References: Catuar GL, Musical form, part 2, M., 1936; Sposobin IV, Musical form, M.-L., 1947, 4972, p. 138, 242–51; Livanova TN, Suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm JS Bach thiab nws cov keeb kwm kev sib txuas, ntu 1, M., 1948; Skrebkov SS, Analysis of suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm, M., 1958, p. 256–58; Mazel LA, Tus qauv ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag, M., 1960, p. 400–13; Suab paj nruag daim ntawv, (nyob rau hauv lub general editorship ntawm Yu. H. Tyulin), M., 1965, p. 376–81; Reuterstein M., Ntawm kev sib sau ntawm sonata-cyclic daim ntawv nyob rau hauv Tchaikovsky, nyob rau hauv Sat. Cov Lus Nug Ntawm Lub Suab Nkauj, vol. XLIV, 1, p. 1967–121; Protopopov VV, Principles of Beethoven's music form, M., 50; nws tus kheej, Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv sonata-cyclic nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Chopin, nyob rau hauv Sat. Cov Lus Nug Ntawm Lub Suab Nkauj, vol. 1970, Moscow, 2; Barsova I., Teeb meem ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv Mahler lub symphonies thaum ntxov, ibid., nws tus kheej, Gustav Mahler's Symphonies, M., 1972; Simakova I. Ntawm cov lus nug ntawm ntau yam ntawm symphony ib hom ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv Sat. Cov Lus Nug Ntawm Lub Suab Nkauj, vol. 1975, Moscow, 2; Prout E., Applied forms, L., 1972 Sondhetmer R., Die formal Entwicklung der vorklassischen Sinfonie, “AfMw”, 1895, Jahrg. plaub; Neu G. von, Der Strukturwandel der zyklischen Sonatenform, “NZfM”, 1910, Jahrg. 232 Ib., 248.

VP Bobrovsky