Sonorism

Sonorism, sonorics, sonoristics, txheej txheem sonoristic

los ntawm lat. sonorous - suab nrov, suab nrov, suab nrov; German Klangmusic; Polish sonorystyka

Ib hom kev sib xyaw ua ke niaj hnub siv Ch. arr. cov yeeb yuj suab, perceived li qhov siab undifferentiated.

S. qhov tshwj xeeb (raws li "suab paj nruag ntawm sonorities") yog coj mus rau qhov zoo ntawm lub suab, nrog rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov ntawm ib lub suab lossis consonance mus rau lwm qhov. Ib qho kev ci ntsa iab (phonism) yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov suab paj nruag, ob qho tib si polyphonic (xim ntawm chords, consonances uas tshwm sim thaum lawv muab piv thiab tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw, sau npe, timbre, ceev ntawm kev sib haum xeeb hloov, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv), thiab monophonic. (xim ntawm lub sijhawm sib txuas nrog kev sau npe, kev sib dhos, cov yam ntxwv), txawm li cas los xij, hauv decomp. styles, nws manifests nws tus kheej (tag nrho cov ntau autonomizes) tsis mus rau tib yam, uas nyob ntawm lub dav ideological thiab arts. kev taw qhia ntawm suab paj nruag. creativity, ib feem ntawm nat. originality ntawm style. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm sonoristic txhais ntawm kev sib haum xeeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag txij li xyoo pua 19th. nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub siab xav rau concreteness thiab sensual tseeb ntawm muses. dluab, music. figurativeness thiab manifested nws tus kheej kom meej meej nyob rau hauv Fabkis. thiab Slavic suab paj nruag (qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau S. tuaj yeem pom hauv pej xeem instr. suab paj nruag ntawm ntau haiv neeg kab lis kev cai). Keeb Kwm S.'s preforms yog cov xim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb (saib, piv txwv li, rov Des7> – Des ntawm bar 51 hauv Chopin's b-moll nocturne), kev ua si ntawm qee yam ntawm Nar. suab paj nruag (piv txwv li, imitation ntawm lub suab ntawm Caucasian pej xeem seev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug quintchord g - d1 - a1 - e2 nyob rau hauv "Lezginka" los ntawm lub opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila"), xaiv ntawm structurally homogeneous chords raws li phonic. Cov paib (piv txwv li, dab noj hnub chords hauv opera "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor"), cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj thiab cadence passages (piv txwv li, hauv 2nd reprise ntawm Chopin's Des-dur nocturne; hauv Liszt's No. 3 nocturne No. 2), cov duab ntawm cua daj cua dub, cua daj cua dub, cua daj cua dub (piv txwv li, "Francesca da Rimini", "Lub Tempest", ib qho chaw hauv lub barracks los ntawm "Tus Poj huab tais ntawm Spades" los ntawm Tchaikovsky; "Scheherazade" thiab "Kashchei Immortal" los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov ), ib tug tshwj xeeb timbre txhais ntawm consonances, ch. arr. Thaum sib tham nrog nruas timbres (piv txwv li, tritone hauv Leshy's leitmotif los ntawm opera "Lub Snow Maiden"). Ib qho piv txwv zoo, kaw niaj hnub. hom S., - qhov chaw ntawm lub tswb nrov los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Boris Godunov" (kev taw qhia rau daim duab thib XNUMX).

S. nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm lub sij hawm yuav hais tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, uas yog vim cov qauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws. kev xav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sib haum xeeb. lus. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom paub meej thiab meej qhov txawv ntawm lub suab (suab paj nruag ntawm tones) thiab sonority (suab paj nruag ntawm sonorities); Nws yog feem ntau nyuaj rau cais cov txheej txheem sonoristic los ntawm lwm yam (tsis yog-sonorous) hom kev sau cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, S. qhov kev faib tawm yog rau qee qhov xwm txheej; nws singles tawm tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab xav tias kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm kev faib tawm, ntau yam ntawm S. yog teem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm maj mam tshem tawm los ntawm qhov pib point - lub phenomena ntawm dog dig tonal txheej txheem.

Raws li txoj cai, thawj theem ntawm S.'s autonomization yog sonoristically txhais kev sib haum xeeb, qhov twg muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev saib xyuas los ntawm kev xaav ntawm cov suab sib txawv rau qhov kev xaav ntawm suab-tsis txawv "timbral suab." Cov txheej txheem parallelism tsim los ntawm C. Debussy qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem no: cov saw hlau chord pom tau tias yog monophonic succession ntawm timbre-xim suab (cov txheej txheem ntawm parallel-dissonant blocks hauv jazz zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem no). Piv txwv ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj: cov ballets Daphnis thiab Chloe los ntawm Ravel (Kaum Ib Hlis), Stravinsky's Petrushka (pib ntawm 4th scene), Prokofiev's Cinderella (Ib tag hmo), ib daim orchestral, op. 6 No 4 Webern, song "Seraphite" los ntawm Schoenberg.

HH Sidelnikov. Lavxias teb sab fairy tales, ntu 4.

Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, kev txhais lus sonoristic ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ua haujlwm nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj timbre ("sonoras"). Qhov no yog thawj "sonor chord" hauv Scriabin's Prometheus, osn. chord hauv Webern's piece op. 10 Tsis muaj 3 rau orchestra, tsis sib haum xeeb polyharmony ua ntej rov tshwm sim ntawm kev taw qhia rau tus neeg ntaus pob tesniv The Rite of Spring.

Sonorant xim feem ntau muaj consonance-pawg (ua haujlwm los ntawm G. Cowell thiab lwm tus). Tsis tsuas yog chords tuaj yeem ua suab nrov, tab sis kuj yog kab (saib, piv txwv li, Shostakovich's 2nd symphony mus txog rau tus lej 13). Muab cov chords sonorous thiab kab tsim cov txheej txheem sonorous (feem ntau thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej ntawm timbres), piv txwv li. Cov kwj ntawm 12 lub suab hauv qhov kawg ntawm Prokofiev's 2nd symphony (2nd variation), hauv Lutoslavsky's 2nd symphony, hauv "Rings" rau Shchedrin's orchestra. S. qhov kev sib sib zog nqus ntxiv yog txuas nrog kev sib cais los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab tau tshwm sim, piv txwv li, hauv kev thov rau cov suab paj nruag rau cov twj paj nruag percussion (saib Prokofiev's Egyptian Nights, Kev ntxhov siab, cuam tshuam rau qhov thib ob scene ntawm 2nd act of the opera. Nose » Shostakovich). Thaum kawg, S. los ntawm lub suab txhais tau hais tias ua rau lub suab nrov ntawm lub suab nrov (German: Gerdusch), thiab cov khoom siv no suav nrog ob lub decomp. element - suab paj nruag. suab nrov (neoekmelika) thiab suab paj nruag ntxiv (txog rau thaj chaw hu ua pob zeb ua suab paj nruag).

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws thiab ntau hauv lawv lub ntsiab lus yog qhov zoo sib xws los yog coincide. Piv txwv li, Penderecki's "Tren" pib nrog cov suab paj nruag suab nrov nrov.

HH Sidelnikov. Lavxias teb sab fairy tales, ntu 4.

K. Penderecki. "Kev quaj ntsuag rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Hiroshima".

Yog li, S. ua haujlwm nrog ob qho tib si nrog cov lus hais kom zoo (suab nrov nrov, cov txheej txheem ntoo, cov suab xim xim, suab tsis muaj suab nrov), thiab nrog rau lwm hom kev siv tshuab (tonal, modal, serial, aleatory, etc. ) Comp. S. cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev xaiv ntawm ib qho. cov khoom siv suab (nws qhov kev nthuav qhia yog nyob rau hauv ib qho ncaj qha, thiab tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txuas nrog lub tswv yim zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua haujlwm), nws qhov kev faib tawm los ntawm cov tuam tsev tsim khoom. raws li kev xaiv kab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, ib tus kheej tsim txoj kev npaj ntawm tag nrho. Muses. tus txheej txheem ntawm hom no yog txuam nrog lub siab xav rau lub hom phiaj kev loj hlob ntawm sonority, tsim ib txwm ups thiab downs uas muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm suab paj nruas qhia.

S. ncaj qha tshaj li suab paj nruag, muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua yam ntawm cov yeeb yuj los, tshwj xeeb, los ua kom muaj suab nrov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud hauv suab paj nruag. Yog li, tsoos rau Russian. classical music, cov duab ntawm tswb nrov pom ib tug tshiab incarnation nyob rau hauv S.

Qhov zoo. S.'s Scope — mus. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas lub suab-xim xim yog qhov tseem ceeb heev: "ntws ntawm xiav-txiv kab ntxwv lava, flashes thiab twinkling ntawm cov hnub qub nyob deb, lub sparkle ntawm fiery swords, khiav ntawm turquoise ntiaj chaw, liab doog ntxoov ntxoo thiab lub voj voog ntawm suab-xim" ( O. Messiaen, “Technique of my music language”). Saib Phonism.

AG Schnittke IB. pianissimo.

RK Shchedrin. "Hloov".

References: Asafiev BV, Musical form as a process, (phau ntawv 1-2), M.-L., 1930-47, 3 (ob phau ntawv), L., 1971; Shaltuper Yu., Ntawm cov style ntawm Lutoslavsky nyob rau hauv lub 60s, nyob rau hauv: Teeb meem ntawm Suab paj nruag Science, vol. 3, M., 1975; ib. Nikolskaya I., "Kev Lom Zem Suab Nkauj" los ntawm Witold Lutoslavsky thiab cov teeb meem ntawm lub koom haum suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, hauv: Suab paj nruag thiab Niaj hnub nimno, (tseem ceeb) 1976, M., 1; Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical, v. 2-1944, P., 1961; Chominski J., Technika sonorystyczna jako przedmiot systematycznego szkolenia, “Muzyka”, 6, rok 3, No 1968; nws, Muzyka Polski Ludowej, Warsz., 1962; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie západoevropske hudby, Praha, 1965, Novodobé skladebné smery vhudbe, Praha, 1976 (Lavxias teb sab - Kogoytek Ts., Cov txheej txheem sau ua suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, M., XNUMX).

Yu. N. Kholopov