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Ib txoj hauv kev sau cov ntawv suab paj nruag uas siv cov lej (saib Kev sau suab paj nruag).

Muaj peev xwm siv C. s. vim tus nqi nyob rau hauv lub suab qauv ntawm tus lej proportions, kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntsiab lus, qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov suab paj nruag-functional thiab cov lej ratios. Hauv qee kis, C. s. Nws hloov tawm kom tsim nyog ntau dua li lwm cov tshuab suab paj nruag. kos npe. Raws li C.s. pitch, meter thiab atherosclerosis tuaj yeem qhia tau, qee zaum lwm yam tsis muaj suab paj nruag.

Feem ntau C. nrog. siv los xaiv lub suab, feem ntau lub sijhawm (1 - prima, 2 - thib ob, thiab lwm yam). SI Taneev proposed a new C. s. intervals, nyob rau hauv uas cov zauv qhia tus naj npawb ntawm vib nas this nyob rau hauv lub ncua sij hawm (prima - 0, thib ob - 1, thib peb - ​​2, thiab lwm yam); qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib txoj kev ua lej tseeb ntawm polyphonic. kev sib txuas (saib Movable counterpoint). Roman (qee zaum kuj Arabic) cov lej siv nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib haum xeeb los xaiv chords los ntawm kev qhia cov kauj ruam uas yog lawv cov prima (piv txwv li, I, V, nVI, hauv III, thiab lwm yam), uas tso cai rau koj mus sau chords nyob rau hauv tej tonality, tsis hais qhov siab ntawm lub prima; Arabic (qee zaum kuj Roman) cov lej hauv cov kauj ruam thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm qhia cov suab ntawm chord muab (piv txwv li,

- dominant xya chord nrog lub siab thib tsib). Lub npe ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm octave (ua, re, thiab lwm yam) yog Arabic. cov duab tau txais ib qho kev faib tawm hauv Lavxias. tsev kawm ntawv hu nkauj. hu nkauj (raws li cov txheej txheem digital ntawm E. Sheve; saib Solmization): cov kauj ruam hauv nruab nrab hu nkauj. octave (1st octave rau treble thiab alto, me - rau ntses bass thaj tsam thiab tenor) - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (pause - 0), nyob rau hauv ib tug siab dua octave - nrog ib tug dot rau saum (

thiab lwm yam), nyob rau hauv qis dua octave - nrog ib qho chaw hauv qab no (

lwm yam); nce qib –

, qis-

. Cov lej sib raug rau cov suab ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb, piv txwv li. hauv F Major:

(Ib daim duab nrog ib teev ntawm sab xis yog sib npaug rau ib nrab daim ntawv, nrog ob lub dots yog sib npaug rau ib nrab nrog ib teev, thiab nrog peb dots yog tag nrho cov ntawv.)

C. s. siv nyob rau hauv tablature, dav bass, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum ntawm kev kawm ua si nyob rau hauv ib co bunks. instruments (domra, balalaika, ob kab chromatic harmonica). Thaum kawm ua cov hlua. cov twj paj nruag siv cov kab sib txuas, cov xov tooj sib txuas nrog cov hlua ntawm cov cuab yeej; cov lej tau sau rau ntawm cov kab no sib raug rau cov lej ntawm cov frets ntawm tus ntiv tes. Cov kab yog suav los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg yog hom digital tablature. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau rau lub harmonica, cov lej feem ntau tau muab tso rau, qhia txog tus lej ntawm tus lej tseem ceeb sib xws rau daim ntawv no.

C. s. ubiquitous los xaiv metrorhythmic. Piv txwv - los ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th-15th. (los ntawm F. de Vitry nyob rau hauv treatise "Ars nova" thaum piav txog modus perfectus u modus imperfectus) mus txog niaj hnub. metric kos npe. Hauv kev xav, classical metrics X. Riemann Ts. siv los qhia txog metric. moos functions:

(qhov twg, piv txwv li, 4 yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim me me, ib nrab-cadence; 8 yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab tag nrho; 7 yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb ntsuas, sib zog ua rau lub ntsej muag tom ntej, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws). Hauv hluav taws xob suab paj nruag, nrog kev pab ntawm cov lej, cov hauv paus tuaj yeem kaw. suab paj nruag tsis - zaus, dynamics, lub sij hawm ntawm lub suab. Hauv kev xyaum ua suab paj nruag, cov lej tuaj yeem siv tau, piv txwv li, los hloov cov suab sib raug zoo rau hauv cov suab paj nruag (saib Seriality), rau kev hloov pauv. Qhov txawv. C. s. yog siv los suav lwm yam tshwm sim, piv txwv li, rau ntiv tes.

References: Albrecht KK, Qhia rau kev hu nkauj hu nkauj raws li Sheve digital txoj kev nrog daim ntawv thov ntawm 70 Lavxias teb sab nkauj thiab 41 peb pawg hu nkauj, feem ntau yog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem, M., 1867, 1885; Taneev SI, Mobile counterpoint of nruj sau ntawv, Leipzig, (1909), M., 1959; Galin R., Exposition d'une nouvelle méthode pour l'enseignement de la musique, P., 1818, id., under the title: Méthode du Meloplaste, P., 1824; Chevé E., Méthode élémentaire de musique vocale, P., 1844, 1854; nws tus kheej, Méthode Galin-Chevé-Paris, Méthode élémentaire d'harmonie, P., 1846; Kohoutek C., Novodobé skladebné teorie zbpadoevropské hudby, Praha, 1962, nyob rau hauv lub npe: Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Lavxias teb sab – Kohoutek Ts., Technique of Composition in 1976th Ms., XNUMX) .

Yu. N. Kholopov