Ralph Vaughan Williams |
Ralph Vaughan Williams: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!
English composer, organist thiab suab paj nruas pej xeem daim duab, collector thiab soj ntsuam ntawm lus Askiv suab paj nruas folklore. Nws kawm hauv Trinity College, Cambridge University nrog C. Wood thiab ntawm Royal College of Music hauv London (1892-96) nrog X. Parry thiab C. Stanford (suab paj nruag), W. Parrett (organ); txhim kho hauv kev sib xyaw nrog M. Bruch hauv Berlin, nrog M. Ravel hauv Paris. Los ntawm 1896-99 nws yog organist ntawm South Lambeth Church nyob rau London. Txij li thaum xyoo 1904 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Folk Song Society. Los ntawm 1919 nws tau qhia kev sau ntawv hauv Royal College of Music (los ntawm 1921 tus xibfwb). Nyob rau hauv 1920-28 lub taub hau ntawm Bach Choir.
Vaughan Williams yog ib tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Askiv tshiab ntawm kev sau ntawv ("English suab paj nruag renaissance"), uas tau tshaj tawm tias yuav tsum tau tsim lub teb chaws cov suab paj nruag raws li lus Askiv suab paj nruag lus dab neeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Askiv masters ntawm 16th thiab 17th centuries; tau lees paub nws lub tswv yim nrog nws txoj haujlwm, ua rau lawv ua haujlwm ntawm ntau hom: 3 "Norfolk rhapsodies" ("Norfolk rhapsodies", 1904-06) rau ib lub suab paj nruag orchestra, fantasies ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Tallis rau ob txoj hlua orchestra ("Fantasia on ib lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Tallis”, 1910), lub 2nd London Symphony (“London symphony”, 1914, 2nd ed. 1920), lub opera “Hugh the Gurtmaker” (op. 1914), thiab lwm yam.
Nws qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm symphonic thiab choral suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm symphonic tej hauj lwm los ntawm Vaughan Williams, lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Askiv yog embodied, tiag tiag cov duab ntawm lub neej ntawm niaj hnub England yog recreated, cov suab paj nruas khoom uas nws kos feem ntau los ntawm lus Askiv suab paj nruas folklore.
Vaughan-Williams 'symphonic tej hauj lwm yog txawv los ntawm lawv cov xwm txheej (4th symphony), melodic clarity, txawj ntse ntawm lub suab, thiab ingenuity ntawm orchestration, nyob rau hauv uas lub hwj chim ntawm lub Impressionists yog xav. Ntawm cov suab paj nruag monumental, symphonic thiab choral tej hauj lwm yog oratorios thiab cantatas npaj rau lub koom txoos ua yeeb yam. Ntawm cov operas, “Sir John in Love” (“Sir John in Love”, 1929, raws li “The Windsor Gossips” los ntawm W. Shakespeare) nyiam qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws. Vaughan Williams yog ib tus thawj kws sau ntawv Askiv uas nquag ua haujlwm hauv xinesmas (nws 7th symphony tau sau los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau zaj duab xis txog tus polar explorer RF Scott).
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Vaughan-Williams yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov tswv yim, originality ntawm suab paj nruag thiab kev nthuav qhia txhais tau tias, humanistic thiab patriotic orientation. Vaughan-Williams cov kev sau ntawv tseem ceeb thiab kev tshaj xov xwm tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov suab paj nruag Askiv ntawm xyoo pua 20th.
MM Yakovlev
Cov khoom xyaw:
Ua yeeb yam (6) - Hugh tus neeg tsav tsheb (1924, London), Cov tshuaj lom hnia (Cov tshuaj lom hnia, 1936, Cambridge), Riders mus rau hiav txwv (1937, London), Cov neeg taug kev txoj kev vam meej, tsis muaj rau Benyan, 1951, London) thiab lwm yam ; pov pob — Tus Vaj Ntxwv Qub Cole (Old King Cole, 1923), Christmas hmo (Hnub Christmas, 1926, Chicago), Txoj Haujlwm (Job, 1931, London); lus hais, cantatas; rau orchestra – 9 symphonies (1909-58), incl. software – 1st, Marine (A sea symphony, 1910, for choir, soloists and orchestra to words by W. Whitman), 3rd, Pastoral (Pastoral, 1921), 6th (1947, after “The Tempest” by U. Shakespeare), 7th, Antarctic (Sinfonia antartica, 1952); instrumental concerts, chamber ensembles; piano thiab lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg; nkauj hu nkauj; kev npaj ntawm lus Askiv pej xeem nkauj; suab paj nruag rau theatre thiab xinesmas.
Literary tej hauj lwm: Kev tsim ntawm suab paj nruag. Tom qab ntawv thiab sau ntawv los ntawm SA Kondratiev, M., 1961.
References: Konen W., Ralph Vaughan Williams. Essay on life and creativity, M., 1958.
