Pietro Mascagni |

Pietro Mascagni

Maskany. "Nyob deb nroog hwm". Intermezzo (tus neeg xyuas pib - T. Serafin)

Nws yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig xav tias qhov kev vam meej, zoo heev ntawm tus tub hluas no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntse ... Mascagni, pom tseeb, tsis yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse xwb, tab sis kuj ntse heev. Nws pom tau hais tias tam sim no tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev muaj tiag, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev kos duab nrog qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej, muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw, uas tus neeg nrog nws txoj kev mob siab thiab kev nyuaj siab yog nkag siab ntau dua thiab nyob ze rau peb dua li cov vajtswv thiab demigods. Nrog purely Italian plasticity thiab kev zoo nkauj, nws piav qhia txog lub neej ua yeeb yam nws xaiv, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas yuav luag irresistibly sympathetic thiab txaus nyiam rau pej xeem. P. Tchaikovsky

P. Mascagni yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug neeg ua mov ci, ib tug nyiam suab paj nruag. Pom nws tus tub lub peev xwm suab paj nruag, leej txiv, me ntsis nyiaj, ntiav tus kws qhia ntawv rau tus menyuam - baritone Emilio Bianchi, uas tau npaj Pietro rau kev nkag mus rau Music Lyceum. Cherubini. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 xyoos, raws li ib tug tub ntxhais kawm thawj xyoo, Mascagni tau sau Symphony hauv C me thiab "Ave Maria", uas tau ua tiav zoo. Tom qab ntawd tus tub hluas uas muaj peev xwm tau txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv kev koom tes ntawm Milan Conservatory nrog A. Ponchielli, qhov twg G. Puccini kawm tib lub sijhawm. Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej (1885), Mascagni tau los ua tus thawj coj thiab tus thawj coj ntawm operetta troupes, uas nws tau mus rau lub nroog ntawm Ltalis, thiab kuj tau qhia thiab sau nkauj. Thaum lub tsev luam tawm Sonzogno tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau ib qho kev ua yeeb yam, Mascagni tau hais kom nws tus phooj ywg G. Torgioni-Tozzetti sau libretto raws li G. Verga's sensational drama Rural Honour. Lub opera tau npaj txhij hauv 2 lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev yeej, Mascagni tsis xa nws "lub hlwb" rau kev sib tw. Qhov no tau ua, zais ntawm nws tus txiv, los ntawm nws tus poj niam. Nyob deb nroog Honour tau txais txiaj ntsig thawj zaug, thiab tus kws sau nkauj tau txais cov nyiaj pabcuam txhua hli rau 2 xyoos. Lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam hauv Rome thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 17, 1890 yog qhov kev vam meej uas tus kws sau ntawv tsis muaj sijhawm los kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus.

Mascagni's Rural Honour yog qhov pib ntawm verismo, ib qho kev coj ua tshiab. Verism siv zog siv cov lus zoo nkauj uas tsim cov teebmeem ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntau ntxiv, qhib, liab qab kev xav, thiab ua rau muaj yeeb yuj embodiment ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg pluag hauv nroog thiab nyob deb nroog. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj huab cua ntawm lub siab lub siab, Mascagni thawj zaug hauv kev xyaum ua yeeb yam siv lub npe hu ua "aria ntawm lub suab qw" - nrog cov suab paj nruag tsis tshua muaj kev ywj pheej mus txog rau kev quaj, nrog lub zog unison dubbing los ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub suab ntawm lub suab paj nruag. climax … Nyob rau hauv 1891, lub opera tau staged ntawm La Scala, thiab G. Verdi tau hais tias: "Tam sim no kuv muaj peev xwm tuag nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb - muaj ib tug neeg uas yuav txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm Italian opera." Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Mascagni, ntau yam khoom plig tau muab, tus huab tais nws tus kheej muab lub composer nrog lub Honorary title ntawm "Chevalier ntawm lub Crown". Cov operas tshiab tau xav tau los ntawm Mascagni. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lub kaum plaub tom ntej tau nce mus rau qib "Rustic Honour". Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv La Scala xyoo 1895, lub suab paj nruag raug xwm txheej "William Ratcliffe" tau tshwm sim - tom qab kaum ob qhov kev ua yeeb yam, nws tau tawm ntawm theem. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub premiere ntawm lub lyric opera Silvano ua tsis tau tejyam. Nyob rau hauv 1901, nyob rau hauv Milan, Rome, Turin, Venice, Genoa thiab Verona, nyob rau tib yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 17, lub premieres ntawm lub opera "Masks" tshwm sim, tab sis lub opera, yog li dav tshaj tawm, rau qhov txaus ntshai ntawm tus composer, tau booed hmo ntawd nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nroog ib zaug. Txawm tias kev koom tes ntawm E. Caruso thiab A. Toscanini tsis tau cawm nws ntawm La Scala. "Nws yog," raws li tus kws sau paj huam Italian A. Negri, "qhov ua tsis tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Italian opera." Tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam tau ua tiav ntawm La Scala (Parisina - 1913, Nero - 1935) thiab ntawm Costanzi Theatre hauv Rome (Iris - 1898, Little Marat - 1921). Ntxiv rau kev ua yeeb yam, Mascagni tau sau operettas ("Tus Vaj Ntxwv hauv Naples" - 1885, "Yog!" - 1919), ua haujlwm rau lub suab seev suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag rau yeeb yaj kiab, thiab suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1900, Mascagni tuaj rau Russia nrog concerts thiab tham txog lub xeev ntawm niaj hnub opera thiab tau txais heev warmly txais.

Tus neeg sau lub neej tau xaus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, tab sis nws lub npe tseem nyob nrog Italian opera classics ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX.

M. Dvorkina

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam - Nyob deb nroog Honour (Gavalleria rusticana, 1890, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), phooj ywg Fritz (L'amico Fritz, tsis muaj kev ua si los ntawm E. Erkman thiab A. Shatrian, 1891, ibid.), Cov Kwv Tij Rantzau (Kuv Rantzau, tom qab ua si ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Erkman thiab Shatrian, 1892, Pergola Theatre, Florence), William Ratcliff (raws li kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm G. Heine, txhais los ntawm A. Maffei, 1895, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Silvano (1895, muaj tib yam. ), Zanetto (raws li kev ua si Passerby los ntawm P. Coppe, 1696, Rossini Theatre, Pesaro), Iris (1898, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Masks (Le Maschere, 1901, La Scala Theatre kuj muaj ”, Milan), Amika (Amisa, 1905, Casino Theatre, Monte Carlo), Isabeau (1911, Coliseo Theatre, Buenos Aires), Parisina (1913, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Lark ( Lodoletta , raws li cov ntawv tshiab Cov Khau Ntoo los ntawm De la Rama , 1917, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Me Marat (Il piccolo Marat, 1921, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Nero (raws li kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm P. Cossa, 1935, theatre "La Scala", Milan); ua operetta - Huab tais hauv Naples (Il re a Napoli, 1885, Municipal Theatre, Cremona), Yog! (Si!, 1919, Quirino Theatre, Rome), Pinotta (1932, Casino Theatre, San Remo); orchestral, vocal thiab symphonic tej hauj lwm, suab paj nruag rau films, thiab lwm yam.