Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov |

Anatoly Orfenov

Lavxias teb sab tenor Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov yug nyob rau hauv 1908 nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Sushki, Ryazan xeev, tsis deb ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kasimov, lub ancient vaj tse ntawm lub Tatar princes. Tsev neeg muaj yim tus me nyuam. Sawv daws hu nkauj. Tab sis Anatoly yog tib tug, txawm tias tag nrho cov teeb meem, uas tau los ua ib tug kws hu nkauj. Tus neeg hu nkauj hais tias, "Peb nyob nrog cov roj roj teeb," peb tsis muaj kev lom zem, tsuas yog ib xyoos ib zaug, thaum lub sijhawm Christmas, kev ua yeeb yam nyiam ua si. Peb muaj ib lub gramophone uas peb pib hnub so, thiab kuv mloog Sobinov cov ntaub ntawv, Sobinov yog kuv nyiam artist, kuv xav kawm los ntawm nws, kuv xav xyaum nws. Tus tub hluas puas xav txog tias tsuas yog ob peb xyoos nws yuav muaj hmoo pom Sobinov, ua haujlwm nrog nws ntawm nws thawj qhov chaw ua yeeb yam.

Leej txiv ntawm tsev neeg tuag nyob rau hauv 1920, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tsoom fwv, cov me nyuam ntawm ib tug txiv plig tsis tuaj yeem suav rau kev kawm qib siab.

Nyob rau hauv 1928, Orfenov tuaj txog hauv Moscow, thiab los ntawm ib co kev pab ntawm Vajtswv nws tau tswj mus rau hauv ob lub tsev kawm txuj ci ib zaug - pedagogical thiab yav tsaus ntuj suab paj nruag (tam sim no lub Ippolitov-Ivanov Academy). Nws kawm suab paj nruag hauv chav kawm ntawm tus kws qhia txuj ci Alexander Akimovich Pogorelsky, tus ua raws ntawm Italian bel canto tsev kawm ntawv (Pogorelsky yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Camillo Everardi), thiab Anatoly Orfenov muaj txaus ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev paub dhau los ntawm nws lub neej. Kev tsim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hu nkauj tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam, thaum lub studio txav mus thoob plaws, tawm tsam nws tus kheej mus rau ib nrab kev kawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xeev ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm tib lub Bolshoi thiab Mariinsky muaj ib qho implicit remelting ntawm qub kab lig kev cai. Cov kev tshwm sim tshiab ntawm thawj tiam ntawm Soviet tenors, coj los ntawm Kozlovsky thiab Lemeshev, radically hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub luag hauj lwm "lyric tenor", thaum nyob rau hauv St. Orfenov, uas tau nkag mus rau nws lub neej muaj tswv yim, los ntawm thawj cov kauj ruam tau tswj kom tsis txhob poob ntawm cov npe no, vim tias peb tus phab ej muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kheej, ib tus neeg palette ntawm kev nthuav qhia, yog li "tus neeg uas tsis muaj kev qhia dav dav".

Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv 1933, nws tswj tau mus rau hauv lub choir ntawm lub Opera Theatre-Studio nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm KS Stanislavsky (lub studio nyob rau hauv Stanislavsky lub tsev nyob rau hauv Leontievsky Lane, tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Bolshaya Dmitrovka mus rau lub qub chaw ntawm lub operetta). Tsev neeg muaj kev ntseeg heev, kuv pog tau tawm tsam txhua yam kev ua neej nyob, thiab Anatoly tau nkaum ntawm nws niam rau lub sijhawm ntev uas nws ua haujlwm hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Thaum nws qhia qhov no, nws xav tsis thoob: "Vim li cas hauv pawg hu nkauj?" Tus zoo hloov kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab theem Stanislavsky thiab tus zoo tenor ntawm Lavxias teb sab av Sobinov, uas tsis tau hu nkauj thiab yog ib tug kws pab tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub Studio, pom ib tug siab thiab zoo nraug tub hluas los ntawm lub hu nkauj, tsis tsuas yog rau lub suab, tab sis kuj rau kev mob siab thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm nws tus tswv. Yog li ntawd Orfenov los ua Lensky nyob rau hauv lub nto moo ua yeeb yam ntawm Stanislavsky; Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1935, tus tswv nws tus kheej tau qhia nws txog kev ua yeeb yam, nrog rau lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam tshiab. (Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj hmoo zoo nkauj yuav txuas ntxiv txuas nrog cov duab ntawm Lensky - qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ceg ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau theem tseem ceeb ntawm Bolshoi). Leonid Vitalievich tau sau ntawv mus rau Konstantin Sergeevich: "Kuv tau hais kom Orfenov, uas muaj lub suab zoo nkauj, kom sai sai npaj Lensky, tshwj tsis yog rau Ernesto los ntawm Don Pasquale. Thiab tom qab ntawd: "Nws muab kuv Orfen Lensky ntawm no, thiab zoo heev." Stanislavsky mob siab rau ntau lub sij hawm thiab mloog mus rau lub debutant, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov transcripts ntawm rehearsals thiab cov memoirs ntawm tus artist nws tus kheej: "Konstantin Sergeevich tham nrog kuv rau ib teev. Hais txog dab tsi? Txog kuv thawj kauj ruam ntawm theem, hais txog kuv txoj kev noj qab haus huv hauv lub luag haujlwm no lossis lub luag haujlwm ntawd, hais txog cov haujlwm thiab lub cev ua haujlwm uas nws tau coj mus rau qhov qhab nia ntawm lub luag haujlwm, txog kev tso tawm cov leeg, hais txog kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv lub neej. thiab nyob rau theem. Nws yog ib txoj haujlwm kev kawm zoo, thiab kuv ua tsaug rau kuv tus kws qhia ntawv rau tag nrho kuv lub siab. "

Ua hauj lwm nrog cov masters loj tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab thaum kawg tsim tus kws kos duab tus cwj pwm. Orfenov sai sai ua ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub troupe ntawm lub Stanislavsky Opera tsev. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm naturalness, sincerity thiab simplicity ntawm nws tus cwj pwm nyob rau theem. Nws yeej tsis yog "suab suab-coder", lub suab yeej tsis tau ua qhov kawg hauv nws tus kheej rau tus neeg hu nkauj. Orfenov yeej ib txwm los ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab lo lus betrothed rau nws, nyob rau hauv no union nws nrhiav rau cov ua yeeb yam knots ntawm nws lub luag hauj lwm. Tau ntau xyoo, Stanislavsky txhawb nqa lub tswv yim ntawm staging Verdi's Rigoletto, thiab hauv 1937-38. lawv muaj yim rehearsals. Txawm li cas los xij, rau ntau qhov laj thawj (xws li, tej zaum, cov uas Bulgakov sau txog nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv grotesquely allegorical nyob rau hauv Theatre Novel), ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub zus tau tej cov raug tshem tawm, thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo tso tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm Stanislavsky nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Meyerhold. , tus thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo siab npaum li cas ntawm "Rigoletto" tuaj yeem raug txiav txim los ntawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm Anatoly Orfenov "Thawj Kauj Ruam", uas tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv journal "Soviet Music" (1963, No. 1).

sib zog ua kom pom rau ntawm theem "lub neej ntawm tib neeg tus ntsuj plig" ... Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau nws los qhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm "kev txaj muag thiab kev thuam" - Gilda thiab Rigoletto, dua li ua rau cov neeg tuaj saib xav tsis thoob nrog lub kaum ob zoo nkauj sau ntawv saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj thiab qhov zoo nkauj ntawm scenery ... Nws muaj ob txoj kev xaiv rau cov duab ntawm Duke. Odin yog ib tug voluptuous lecher uas outwardly zoo li Francis kuv, portrayed los ntawm V. Hugo nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam The King Amuses nws tus kheej. Lwm tus yog ib tug txiv neej zoo nraug, ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam, sib npaug ntawm Countess Ceprano, Gilda yooj yim, thiab Maddalena.

Nyob rau hauv thawj daim duab, thaum lub curtains yog tsa, lub Duke yog zaum nyob rau hauv lub Upper veranda ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ntawm lub rooj, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm Konstantin Sergeevich, "kab" nrog cov poj niam ... tsis muaj kev paub txog theem, yuav ua li cas sawv hauv nruab nrab ntawm theem thiab hu nkauj hu ua "aria nrog hnab looj tes," uas yog, ballad ntawm Duke? Ntawm Stanislavsky's, Duke hu nkauj zoo li ib zaj nkauj haus. Konstantin Sergeevich muab tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm lub cev rau kuv, los yog, tej zaum, nws yuav zoo dua hais tias, lub cev ua si: taug kev ncig lub rooj, clinking tsom iav nrog cov poj niam. Nws thov kom kuv muaj sij hawm los pauv glances nrog lawv txhua tus thaum lub caij ballad. Los ntawm qhov no, nws tiv thaiv tus kws kos duab los ntawm "voids" hauv lub luag haujlwm. Tsis muaj sij hawm los xav txog "suab", hais txog cov pej xeem.

Lwm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Stanislavsky thawj zaug yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Duke Rigoletto flogging nrog nplawm, tom qab nws "sib thuam" suav Ceprano ... nyuaj rau ntseeg nws, thiab ntawm kev xyaum ua ntau yam kuv tau poob rau nws.

Nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob ua yeeb yam thaum lub sij hawm duet, Gilda nkaum qab lub qhov rais ntawm nws txiv lub tsev, thiab txoj hauj lwm teem los ntawm Stanislavsky rau lub Duke yog ntxias nws tawm ntawm qhov ntawd, los yog tsawg kawg ua rau nws saib tawm ntawm lub qhov rais. Lub Duke muaj ib pob paj ntawm paj muab zais hauv qab nws lub tsho. Ib lub paj ntawm ib lub sij hawm, nws muab lawv rau Gilda los ntawm lub qhov rais. (Cov duab nto moo ntawm lub qhov rais tau suav nrog txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam - A.Kh.). Nyob rau hauv qhov thib peb ua yeeb yam, Stanislavsky xav qhia lub Duke raws li ib tug txiv neej ntawm lub sij hawm thiab mus ob peb vas. Thaum cov tsev hais plaub hais rau Duke tias "tus ntxhais nyob hauv koj lub tsev" (kev tsim khoom yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais lus uas txawv ntawm qhov feem ntau lees txais ib qho - A.Kh.), nws tau hloov pauv tag nrho, nws hu nkauj lwm tus aria, yuav luag tsis tau ua. hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Qhov aria no nyuaj heev, thiab txawm hais tias tsis muaj ntawv sau siab tshaj qhov thib ob octave hauv nws, nws yog qhov nruj heev hauv tessitura.

Nrog Stanislavsky, uas tau tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg tawm tsam operatic vampuca, Orfenov kuj ua qhov chaw ntawm Lykov hauv Tsar's Bride, Holy Fool hauv Boris Godunov, Almaviva hauv Barber of Seville, thiab Bakhshi hauv Lev Stepanov's Darvaz Gorge. Thiab nws yuav tsis tau tawm ntawm qhov ua yeeb yam yog Stanislavsky tsis tuag. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Konstantin Sergeevich, kev sib koom ua ke nrog Nemirovich-Danchenko Theatre pib (cov no yog ob lub tsev ua yeeb yam sib txawv, thiab txoj hmoo ntawm txoj hmoo yog tias lawv tau txuas nrog). Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm "teeb ​​meem" Orfenov, twb yog ib tug zoo artist ntawm lub RSFSR, tau koom nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm lub sij hawm-ua productions ntawm Nemirovich, hu nkauj Paris nyob rau hauv "Zoo nkauj Elena" (qhov kev ua yeeb yam, hmoov zoo, tau kaw nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua nyob rau hauv 1948. ), tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv lub siab nws yog ib tug tiag tiag Stanislav. Yog li ntawd, nws txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv 1942 los ntawm Stanislavsky thiab Nemirovich-Danchenko Theatre mus rau Bolshoi yog predetermined los ntawm txoj hmoo nws tus kheej. Txawm hais tias Sergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Txoj Kev mus rau Art" qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom tias cov neeg hu nkauj zoo (xws li Pechkovsky thiab nws tus kheej) tau tawm ntawm Stanislavsky vim qhov kev xav ntawm nruj thiab nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev txhim kho lub suab lus nyob rau hauv dav dav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Orfenov, thaj, qhov no tsis muaj tseeb kiag li.

Muaj tswv yim tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 40s yuam kom nws "tawm nws txoj kev tshaib kev nqhis" "sab", thiab nyob rau hauv 1940/41 lub caij Orfenov txaus siab koom tes nrog lub State Opera Ensemble ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm IS Kozlovsky. Qhov feem ntau "European" nyob rau hauv lub siab tenor ntawm lub Soviet era yog obsessed nrog lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug opera kev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv ib tug kev hais kwv txhiaj ua yeeb yam (hnub no cov tswv yim no tau pom ib tug zoo heev embodiment nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua semi-staged. " semi-kev ua yeeb yam" yam tsis muaj scenery thiab costumes, tab sis nrog acting kev sib cuam tshuam) thiab raws li ib tug thawj coj, nws staged productions ntawm Werther, Orpheus, Pagliatsev, Mozart thiab Salieri, Arkas 'Katerina thiab Lysenko's Natalka-Poltavka. "Peb npau suav ntawm kev nrhiav ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, lub hauv paus ntawm uas yuav yog suab, thiab tsis zoo," Ivan Semenovich nco qab ntau tom qab. Nyob rau hauv lub premieres Kozlovsky nws tus kheej hu lub ntsiab qhov chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nws xav tau kev pab. Yog li ntawd, Anatoly Orfenov hu nkauj lub charismatic ib feem ntawm Werther xya zaus, nrog rau Mozart thiab Beppo hauv Pagliacci (Harlequin's serenade yuav tsum tau encore 2-3 zaug). Kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv Great Hall of the Conservatory, Lub Tsev ntawm Cov Kws Tshawb Fawb, Central House of Artists thiab Campus. Alas, lub hav zoov ntawm pawg yog luv luv-nyob.

Tub rog 1942. Cov neeg German tuaj. Kev foob pob. Kev ntxhov siab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Bolshoi Theatre tau khiav tawm mus rau Kuibyshev. Thiab nyob rau hauv Moscow hnub no lawv ua si thawj zaug, tag kis lawv ua si opera mus txog thaum kawg. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug ntxhov siab vim, Orfenov pib raug caw mus rau lub Bolshoi: thawj zaug rau ib zaug, ib tug me ntsis tom qab, raws li ib feem ntawm lub troupe. Tus cwj pwm, xav tau ntawm nws tus kheej, los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Stanislavsky nws muaj peev xwm pom tau txhua yam zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg nyob rau theem. Thiab muaj ib tug neeg to taub nws - tag nrho cov golden arsenal ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab yog ces nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, coj los ntawm Obukhova, Barsova, Maksakova, Reizen, Pirogov thiab Khanaev. Thaum nws 13 xyoo ua haujlwm ntawm Bolshoi, Orfenov muaj lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm nrog plaub tus thawj coj: Samuil Samosud, Ariy Pazovsky, Nikolai Golovanov thiab Alexander Melik-Pashaev. Tu siab kawg, tiam sis niaj hnub nim no tsis muaj peev xwm khav tau tej yam loj thiab zoo kawg li.

Ua ke nrog nws ob tug phooj ywg ze tshaj plaws, lyric tenors Solomon Khromchenko thiab Pavel Chekin, Orfenov coj lub "thib ob echelon" kab nyob rau hauv lub theatrical rooj ntawm qeb tam sim ntawd tom qab Kozlovsky thiab Lemeshev. Ob tus neeg sib tw tenors no tau nyiam qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm kev hlub, ciam teb rau kev pe mlom. Nws txaus los nco qab txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ua yeeb yam hnyav nruab nrab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm "Kazlovites" thiab "Lemeshists" los xav txog qhov nyuaj npaum li cas nws tsis tau ploj mus thiab, ntxiv rau, coj qhov chaw tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tenor no rau ib tus neeg hu nkauj tshiab uas zoo sib xws. luag hauj lwm. Thiab qhov tseeb hais tias lub artistic xwm ntawm Orfenov yog nyob ze rau lub siab dawb paug, "Yesenin" pib ntawm Lemeshev lub kos duab tsis xav tau tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias nws nrog hwm tau xeem dhau qhov kev sim ntawm inevitable piv nrog cov mlom tenors. Yog lawm, premieres tsis tshua tau muab, thiab kev ua yeeb yam nrog Stalin tau tshwm sim ntau zaus. Tab sis koj yeej zoo siab tos txais los hu nkauj los ntawm kev hloov (tus kws kos duab lub chaw muag mis nyuj yog sau nrog sau ntawv "Siv Kozlovsky", "Tsuas yog Lemeshev. Qhia thaum 4 teev tav su"; nws yog Lemeshev Orfenov uas feem ntau muaj kev pov hwm). Orfenov phau ntawv teev npe, uas tus kws kos duab tau sau cov lus hais txog txhua qhov ntawm nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam, yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm - peb muaj lub sijhawm tsis tsuas yog xav tias nws txhais li cas rau hauv "thib ob. kab" thiab tib lub sijhawm tau txais kev txaus siab los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, tab sis, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nthuav qhia lub neej ntawm Bolshoi Theatre los ntawm 1942 txog 1955, tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev xav ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo tib yam. hnub. Lawv tau sau txog qhov premieres hauv Pravda thiab muab Stalin Prizes rau lawv, tab sis nws yog qhov thib ob lossis thib peb casts uas txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv lub sijhawm tom qab thawj zaug. Nws tsuas yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab tsis nkees ntawm Bolshoi uas Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov yog.

Muaj tseeb, nws kuj tau txais nws qhov khoom plig Stalin - rau Vasek hauv Smetana's The Bartered Bride. Nws yog ib tug legendary ua yeeb yam los ntawm Boris Pokrovsky thiab Kirill Kondrashin nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais los ntawm Sergei Mikhalkov. Cov khoom tsim tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1948 nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm 30th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Czechoslovak koom pheej, tab sis los ua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau hlub comedies los ntawm cov pej xeem thiab lingered nyob rau hauv lub repertoire rau ntau xyoo. Ntau tus neeg ua pov thawj xav txog cov duab grotesque ntawm Vashek los ua tus pinnacle hauv tus kws kos duab muaj tswv yim biography. "Vashek muaj qhov ntim ntawm tus cwj pwm uas ntxeev siab rau qhov muaj tswv yim muaj tswv yim tiag tiag ntawm tus sau cov duab theem - tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Vashek Orfenova yog cov duab zoo nkauj thiab txawj ntse. Lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm tus cwj pwm (stuttering, stupidity) tau hnav khaub ncaws ntawm tib neeg kev hlub, kev lom zem thiab ntxim nyiam "(BA Pokrovsky).

Orfenov tau suav hais tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij nyob rau sab hnub poob European repertoire, uas feem ntau tau ua nyob rau ntawm ceg ntoo, yog li nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau hu nkauj nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm Solodovnikovsky Theatre ntawm Bolshaya Dmitrovka (qhov twg Mamontov Opera thiab Zimin Opera nyob ntawm. tig ntawm 19th-20th centuries, thiab tam sim no ua haujlwm "Moscow Operetta"). Graceful thiab charming, txawm lub depravity ntawm nws npau taws, yog nws Duke nyob rau hauv Rigoletto. Lub zog suav Almaviva tau ci ntsa iab nrog kev ua kom zoo thiab kev txawj ntse hauv Barber of Seville (hauv qhov kev ua yeeb yam no, nyuaj rau txhua tus tenor, Orfenov tau teeb tsa hom ntaub ntawv tus kheej - nws hu nws 107 zaug). Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Alfred nyob rau hauv La Traviata tau tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv: ib tug tub hluas tsis txaus ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev hlub tig mus rau hauv ib tug txiv neej khib thiab npau taws, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub opera nws tshwm sim raws li ib tug heev kev hlub thiab hloov siab lees txim. Fabkis repertoire tau sawv cev los ntawm Faust thiab Aubert's comic opera Fra Diavolo (lub npe ib feem ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam yog qhov kawg ua haujlwm hauv kev ua yeeb yam rau Lemeshev, ib yam li rau Orfenov - lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub siab nyiam carabinieri Lorenzo). Nws hu nkauj Mozart's Don Ottavio hauv Don Giovanni thiab Beethoven's Jacquino hauv kev tsim khoom nto moo ntawm Fidelio nrog Galina Vishnevskaya.

Lub gallery ntawm Lavxias teb sab dluab ntawm Orfenov yog rightfully qhib los ntawm Lensky. Tus neeg hu nkauj lub suab, uas muaj ib tug mos mos, pob tshab timbre, softness thiab elasticity ntawm lub suab, zoo kawg nkaus phim cov duab ntawm ib tug hluas nkauj lyrical hero. Nws Lensky tau txawv los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov cua daj cua dub hauv ntiaj teb. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog daim duab ntawm cov neeg ruam dawb huv hauv "Boris Godunov". Nyob rau hauv no landmark kev ua tau zoo los ntawm Baratov-Golovanov-Fyodorovsky, Anatoly Ivanovich hu nkauj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Stalin thawj zaug nyob rau hauv nws lub neej nyob rau hauv 1947. Ib tug ntawm cov "zoo kawg" txheej xwm ntawm artistic lub neej kuj muaj kev cob cog rua nrog no ntau lawm - muaj ib hnub, thaum lub sij hawm Rigoletto. , Orfenov tau ceeb toom tias thaum kawg ntawm lub opera nws yuav tsum tuaj txog ntawm ceg ntawm lub ntsiab theem (5 feeb taug kev) thiab hu nkauj tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig. Nws yog nrog qhov kev ua yeeb yam no thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, 1968, pab pawg Bolshoi Theatre ua kev zoo siab rau 60 xyoo ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab 35 xyoos ntawm nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim. Gennady Rozhdestvensky, uas ua rau yav tsaus ntuj, sau rau hauv "lub luag hauj lwm phau ntawv": "Leej nyob professionalism!" Thiab tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Boris, Alexander Vedernikov, sau tseg: Orfenov muaj cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws rau tus kws kos duab - kev nkag siab ntawm kev faib ua feem. Nws Holy Fool yog ib lub cim ntawm tib neeg lub siab, xws li tus kws sau ntawv xeeb nws. "

Orfenov tau tshwm sim 70 zaug hauv daim duab ntawm Sinodal hauv Dab Ntxwg Nyoog, ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tam sim no tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tshua muaj, thiab lub sijhawm ntawd yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau repertory. Ib qho kev yeej loj rau tus kws kos duab kuj yog cov tog neeg xws li Khab Qhua hauv Sadko thiab Tsar Berendey hauv Snegurochka. Thiab vice versa, raws li tus singer nws tus kheej, Bayan nyob rau hauv "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila", Vladimir Igorevich nyob rau hauv "Prince Igor" thiab Gritsko nyob rau hauv "Sorochinsky Ncaj Ncees" tsis tau tso ib tug ci ntsa iab (tus kws kos duab txiav txim siab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus tub nyob rau hauv Mussorgsky lub opera. pib "raug mob", txij li thaum thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv qhov kev ua yeeb yam no, hemorrhage tshwm sim hauv ligament). Tsuas yog Lavxias tus cwj pwm uas tso tus neeg hu nkauj tsis txaus ntseeg yog Lykov hauv Tsar's Bride - nws sau rau hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe: "Kuv tsis nyiam Lykov." Thaj, kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Soviet operas tsis tsub kom tus artist lub siab nyiam, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav luag tsis koom nrog lawv ntawm Bolshoi, tshwj tsis yog Kabalevsky's opera ib hnub "hauv Moscow" (cov tub ntxhais hluas Muscovite Vasily), Krasev cov me nyuam ua yeeb yam " Morozko” (Leej Txiv) thiab Muradeli lub opera “The Great Friendship”.

Ua ke nrog cov neeg thiab lub teb chaws, peb tus phab ej tsis tau khiav tawm ntawm lub voj voog ntawm keeb kwm. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 1947, qhov kev ua yeeb yam loj ntawm Vano Muradeli's Opera The Great Friendship tau tshwm sim ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, uas Anatoly Orfenov ua lub suab paj nruag ntawm tus tswv yug yaj Dzhemal. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim tom ntej no, txhua leej txhua tus paub - lub npe nrov tsab cai ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm CPSU. Yog vim li cas raws nraim qhov no tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li "suab" opera ua lub teeb liab rau qhov pib ntawm kev tsim txom tshiab ntawm "formalists" Shostakovich thiab Prokofiev yog lwm riddle ntawm dialectics. Lub dialectic ntawm Orfenov txoj hmoo tsis muaj tsawg xav tsis thoob: nws yog ib tug zoo social activist, ib tug thawj coj ntawm lub Regional Council of People's Deputies, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tag nrho nws lub neej nws dawb ceev txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Vajtswv, qhib siab mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tsis kam mus tuaj koom nrog Communist Party. Nws yog ib qho xav tsis thoob tias nws tsis tau cog.

Tom qab Stalin txoj kev tuag, kev tshem tawm zoo tau npaj rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam - kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau pib. Thiab Anatoly Orfenov yog ib tug ntawm thawj tus uas tau txais kev nkag siab tias nws yog lub sij hawm rau ib tug laus laus pension, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv 1955 tus artist tsuas yog 47. Nws tam sim ntawd thov rau resignation. Xws li yog nws cov khoom tseem ceeb - kom tam sim ntawd tawm ntawm qhov chaw uas nws tsis txais tos.

Fruitful kev koom tes nrog Xov tooj cua pib nrog Orfenov rov qab nyob rau hauv lub 40s - nws lub suab hloov mus ua ib tug xav tsis thoob "radiogenic" thiab haum zoo rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsis yog lub sijhawm ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws rau lub tebchaws, thaum kev tshaj tawm txoj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, thaum huab cua tau ntim nrog cov lus hais ntawm tus thawj accuser ntawm kev sim siab, kev tshaj tawm suab paj nruag tsis txwv rau kev taug kev ntawm cov neeg nyiam thiab nkauj txog Stalin. , tab sis txhawb siab classics. Nws tau suab nrov rau ntau teev hauv ib hnub, ob qho tib si ntawm kev kaw thiab tshaj tawm los ntawm cov studios thiab cov tsev hais plaub. Lub 50s nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Xov tooj cua raws li lub hnub qub ntawm opera - nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no uas lub golden opera Tshuag ntawm lub xov tooj cua nyiaj tau kaw. Ntxiv nrog rau cov qhab-nees paub zoo, ntau qhov tsis nco qab thiab tsis tshua ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim, xws li Rimsky-Korsakov's Pan Voyevoda, Tchaikovsky's Voyevoda thiab Oprichnik. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm artistic tseem ceeb, lub suab pab pawg neeg ntawm Xov tooj cua, yog inferior mus rau lub Bolshoi Theatre, tsuas yog me ntsis. Cov npe ntawm Zara Dolukhanova, Natalia Rozhdestvenskaya, Deborah Pantofel-Nechetskaya, Nadezhda Kazantseva, Georgy Vinogradov, Vladimir Bunchikov nyob rau hauv txhua tus daim di ncauj. Kev muaj tswv yim thiab tib neeg huab cua hauv xov tooj cua ntawm xyoo ntawd yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshaj lij, kev saj tsis zoo, kev muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev nkag siab ntawm lub zej zog guild thiab kev sib koom ua ke txuas ntxiv zoo siab ntau xyoo tom qab, thaum tag nrho cov no ploj mus. Kev ua ub no hauv xov tooj cua, qhov twg Orfenov tsis yog tsuas yog tus soloist, tab sis kuj yog tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam ntawm pab pawg suab, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau heev heev cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg, nyob rau hauv uas Anatoly Ivanovich qhia tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo ntawm nws lub suab, nws pib mus xyaum ua yeeb yam pej xeem kev ua yeeb yam ntawm operas nyob rau hauv lub Hall of Columns ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub Union. Hmoov tsis zoo, niaj hnub no qhov kev nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag kaw tau dhau los ua tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab dag qhov hnyav - lub sijhawm ntawm kev noj tau muab tso rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag ua ntej.

Anatoly Orfenov kuj tau dav lub npe hu ua chamber performer. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov suab lus Lavxias. Cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm xyoo sib txawv qhia txog tus neeg hu nkauj lub hauv paus dej xim style thiab, tib lub sijhawm, muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab zais ntawm subtext. Orfenov txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chamber hom yog txawv los ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab exquisite saj. Tus kws kos duab palette ntawm kev nthuav qhia txhais tau tias nplua nuj - los ntawm yuav luag ethereal mezza suab thiab pob tshab cantilena mus rau kev nthuav qhia culminations. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 1947-1952. Lub stylistic originality ntawm txhua tus kws sau ntawv yog qhov tseeb heev. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Glinka's romances coexists nrog lub siab dawb paug ntawm Gurilev's romances (lub npe nrov Tswb, nthuav tawm ntawm daim disc, tuaj yeem ua tus qauv rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm chav suab paj nruag ntawm pre-Glinka era). Nyob rau hauv Dargomyzhsky, Orfenov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov romances "Yuav ua li cas yog nyob rau hauv kuv lub npe rau koj" thiab "Kuv tuag ntawm kev zoo siab", uas nws txhais li subtle puas siab puas ntsws sketches. Nyob rau hauv romances ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov, tus singer tau tawm ntawm lub siab xav pib nrog kev txawj ntse tob. Rachmaninov's monologue "Nyob hmo ntuj hauv kuv lub vaj" suab nthuav thiab ua yeeb yam. Qhov kev txaus siab zoo tshaj plaws yog cov kaw suab paj nruag los ntawm Taneyev thiab Tcherepnin, uas nws cov suab paj nruag tsis tshua hnov ​​hauv concerts.

Taneyev's romance lyrics yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm impressionistic mus ob peb vas thiab xim. Tus composer muaj peev xwm ntes tau nyob rau hauv nws miniatures hloov maj mam hloov nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo nyob rau hauv lub mus ob peb vas ntawm lyrical hero. Kev xav thiab kev xav tau ua tiav los ntawm lub suab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav hmo ntuj huab cua los yog ib qho me ntsis monotonous cua daj cua dub ntawm lub pob (raws li nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov romance raws li paj huam los ntawm Y. Polonsky "Mask"). Xav txog lub chamber kos duab ntawm Tcherepnin, Academician Boris Asafiev tau mloog mus rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Rimsky-Korsakov thiab Fabkis impressionism ("gravitation mus ntes lub impressions ntawm xwm, rau huab cua, ntawm colourfulness, mus rau lub nuances ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo ") . Nyob rau hauv romances raws li Tyutchev cov paj huam, cov yam ntxwv no yog pom nyob rau hauv lub exquisite xim ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev ntxhib los mos, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub piano. Cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm Lavxias teb sab romances ua los ntawm Orfenov ua ke nrog tus pianist David Gaklin yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm chamber ensemble music-ua.

Xyoo 1950, Anatoly Orfenov pib qhia hauv Gnessin Institute. Nws yog ib tug xib hwb uas saib xyuas thiab to taub heev. Nws yeej tsis yuam, tsis yuam kom xyaum, tab sis txhua zaus nws pib los ntawm tus kheej thiab lub peev xwm ntawm txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj leej twg los ua ib tus neeg hu nkauj zoo thiab tsis tau ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis muaj pes tsawg tus kws tshaj lij Orfenov tuaj yeem kho lub suab - nws feem ntau tau txais kev cia siab lossis cov uas tsis raug coj mus rau hauv lawv cov chav kawm los ntawm lwm tus, ntau tus kws qhia kev mob siab rau. . Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog tsuas yog tenors xwb, tab sis kuj basses (tenor Yuri Speransky, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau lub theaters ntawm lub USSR, tam sim no tus thawj coj ntawm lub department ntawm opera kev cob qhia ntawm lub Gnessin Academy). Muaj ob peb lub suab poj niam, thiab ntawm lawv yog tus ntxhais hlob Lyudmila, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib tus neeg hu nkauj ntawm Bolshoi Theatre Choir. Txoj cai ntawm Orfenov ua tus kws qhia ntawv thaum kawg tau los ua thoob ntiaj teb. Nws lub sijhawm ntev (ze li kaum xyoo) kev qhia txawv teb chaws pib hauv Suav teb thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm Cairo thiab Bratislava cov chaw khaws cia.

Nyob rau hauv 1963, thawj rov qab mus rau lub Bolshoi Theatre coj qhov chaw, qhov twg Anatoly Ivanovich yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub opera troupe rau 6 xyoo - cov no yog lub xyoo thaum La Scala thawj tuaj, thiab lub Bolshoi ncig xyuas nyob rau hauv Milan, thaum yav tom ntej hnub qub (Obraztsova, Atlantov, Nesterenko, Mazurok, Kasrashvili, Sinyavskaya, Piavko). Raws li kev nco qab ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab, tsis muaj ib pab pawg zoo li no. Orfenov yeej ib txwm paub yuav ua li cas coj txoj hauj lwm ntawm "golden txhais tau tias" ntawm kev tswj thiab soloists, leej txiv txhawb cov neeg hu nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hluas, nrog cov lus qhia zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tig ntawm lub 60s thiab 70s, lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub Bolshoi Theatre tau hloov dua, thiab tag nrho cov thawj coj, coj los ntawm Chulaki thiab Anastasiev, sab laug. Nyob rau hauv 1980, thaum Anatoly Ivanovich rov qab los ntawm Czechoslovakia, nws tam sim ntawd hu ua Bolshoi. Xyoo 1985, nws so haujlwm vim muaj mob. Nws tuag hauv 1987. Nws raug faus rau ntawm Vagankovsky tojntxas.

Peb muaj nws lub suab. Muaj cov phau ntawv teev npe, cov khoom thiab cov phau ntawv (ntawm cov uas yog "Sobinov txoj kev muaj tswv yim", nrog rau kev sau cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas soloists ntawm Bolshoi "Cov Hluas, kev cia siab, kev ua tiav"). Kev nco sov so ntawm cov neeg tiam thiab cov phooj ywg tseem nyob, ua tim khawv tias Anatoly Orfenov yog ib tug txiv neej nrog Vajtswv nyob hauv nws tus ntsuj plig.

Andrey Khripin