Fugtta |

ital. fug, lit. - me me fugue; Fabkis, Lus Askiv fugetta; German Fughetta, Fughette

Qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev xav, cov tswv yim sib xyaw thiab kev ntxhib los mos, fugue (1).

F. feem ntau yog sau rau lub cev lossis ph. (lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam tsis tshua muaj: pawg hu nkauj "Sweeter dua zib ntab yog lo lus qab zib" los ntawm 1 txoj cai ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Tsar's Bride", orchestral intermezzo los ntawm 1st tsab ntawm lub Opera "Mozart thiab Salieri" los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov). Raws li txoj cai, F. tsis muaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov muses tseem ceeb. kev xav, nws lub zog yog ntsuas, tus cwj pwm yog feem ntau contemplative (org. choral arrangements los ntawm J. Pachelbel), lyric-contemplative (F. d-moll Bach, BWV 899), qee zaum scherzo (F. G-dur Bach, BWV 902). Qhov no txiav txim siab qhov tsos ntawm F. cov ntsiab lus - feem ntau me me thiab du (siv cov suab paj nruag yog ib txwm: Peb F. rau piano ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntsiab lus los ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov, piano Prelude thiab Fugue "Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov sawv ntxov ntawm cov nyom "op. 61 los ntawm Kabalevsky). Feem ntau, cov ntawv sau F. vim nws qhov me me, txawm li cas los xij, kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus "F." thiab "small fugue" raws li cov lus sib piv tsis yog ib txwm muaj tseeb (hauv c-moll fugue los ntawm 2nd ntim ntawm Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, 28 ntsuas; hauv clavier F. Tsis muaj 3 hauv D-dur los ntawm Handel, 100 ntsuas). Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kos ib tug meej kab ntawm F., fugue thiab me fugue (Fp. F. No 4 op. 126 ntawm Schumann yog tiag tiag fugue; Fp. Fugues op. 43 ntawm Myaskovsky zoo ib yam li F.).

F. yog tsim nyob rau hauv txoj cai tib yam li "loj" fugues (saib, piv txwv li, ob npaug F. No4 C-dur rau Handel's clavier, org. F. rau Pachelbel's chorale), tab sis lawv yeej ib txwm me me hauv nplai. Kev tsim kho kom tiav thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav tawm; qhov kev loj hlob ntawm daim ntawv feem ntau yog me me - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib pawg ntawm kev taw qhia (nyob rau hauv ntau zaus, composers xav txog ib tug sequential los yog immitative interlude kom txaus: org. choral F. "Allein Gott in der Höch' sei Ehr" los ntawm Bach , BWV 677); qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv yog feem ntau txwv rau kev sib sau. nqa tawm lub ntsiab lus (fp. F. hauv h-moll op. 9 No 3 by Čiurlionis). Txawm hais tias kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb tsis suav nrog (lub canon infinite hauv F. Tsis muaj 4 hauv C-dur los ntawm Handel, tuav 10-15, thim rov qab cov ntsiab lus hauv F. los ntawm "Polyphonic Notebook" rau piano Shchedrin, stretta hauv magnification nyob rau hauv piano F. nyob rau hauv d-moll los ntawm Arensky), tsis tau yooj yim hom ntawm imitation rau F. yog tus qauv. F. tshwm sim raws li kev ywj pheej. prod. (F. c-moll Bach, BWV 961), as variations (No 10 and 16 in Bach's Goldberg Variations, No 24, in Beethoven's Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli, F. on Rimsky-Korsakov's BACH theme in Paraphrases ”), as ib feem ntawm lub voj voog ("Mini Suite" rau lub cev, op. 20 los ntawm Ledenev). Muaj kev xav tias F. tej zaum yuav yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov loj (Praut, ch. X), tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li mob, F. xyaum tsis txawv ntawm fugato. F. feem ntau ua ntej nkag. daim ntawv yog ib tug prelude los yog fantasy (Fantasies thiab F. B-dur, Bach D-dur, BWV 907, 908); F. feem ntau muab tso rau hauv cov khoom sau los yog lub voj voog (Baxa's Preludes and Fughettas, BWV 899-902, Handel's Six Fugues for Organ or Harpsichord, op. 3, Schumann's Four Fp F. op. 126). Hauv 17-1st pem teb. 18th century org. F. raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm kev ua suab paj nruag (feem ntau tsuas yog rau phau ntawv) tau siv ntau zaus thiab ntau txoj hauv kev (J. Pachelbel, JKF Fischer, JK Bach, JG Walter). Cov qauv zoo meej belongs rau JS Bach (qee qhov org. F. los ntawm qhov thib 3 ntawm "Clavier Exercises" yog cov phau ntawv yooj yim ntawm cov kev sib tham loj: piv txwv li, "Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot", BWV 678 thiab 679); me preludes and fugues for organ (BWV 553-560) and F. for clavier Bach aims for pedagogical. hom phiaj. Composers 2nd pem teb. 18th-19th centuries (WF Bach, L. Beethoven, A. Reich, R. Schumann, NA Rimsky-Korsakov) tig mus rau F. ntau zaus; nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th nws tau dhau los ua dav hauv kev qhia thiab pedagogical. repertoire (SM Maykapar, AF Gedike thiab lwm tus).

References: Zolotarev VA, Fuga Guide to practical study, M., 1932, 1965; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony as a factor of shaping, L., 1962; Rrout E., Fugue, L., 1894, 1900 See also lit. mus Art. Fugue.

VP Frayonov