Daim ntawv ob ntu |
Ob daim ntawv - suab paj nruag. ib daim ntawv qhia los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob feem rau hauv ib qho tag nrho (scheme AB). Nws muab faib ua yooj yim thiab complex. Hauv qhov yooj yim D. f. ob qho tib si tsis pub dhau lub sijhawm. Ntawm cov no, ntu 1 (lub sijhawm) ua qhov nthuav tawm. muaj nuj nqi - nws teev tawm qhov pib thematic. khoom. Ntu 2 tuaj yeem ua decomp. functions, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog uas muaj ob ntau yam ntawm yooj yim D. f. - tsis muaj kev tawm tsam thiab rov tsim dua. Tsis-reprise yooj yim D. f. tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si tsaus nti thiab ib qho tsaus nti. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub luag haujlwm ntawm ntu 2 kuj yog kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub ncauj lus. Qhov sib piv no feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "singal - chorus" hom. Lub refrain yuav tsis sib piv nrog cov suab paj nruag, tab sis ua rau nws muaj laj thawj. continuation (Hymn of the Soviet Union). Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, kev txwv tsis pub sib piv nrog qhov tsis lees paub (cov nkauj "May Moscow" los ntawm Dan. thiab Dm. Pokrass). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv (raws li qhov zoo sib xws) ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim sab nraum qhov piv ntawm "singal - chorus" (kev sib hlub "Spruce thiab Palm Tree" los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov). Hauv ib qho tsaus ntuj D. f. kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2nd ntu yog kev txhim kho ntawm thematic. cov khoom ntawm lub 1st zog (lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov variations ntawm lub thib ob txav ntawm lub Beethoven sonata rau piano No. 2 ntawm lub Appassionata, ntau ntawm Schubert's waltzes). Nyob rau hauv lub reprise yooj yim D. t. kev loj hlob ntawm thawj thematic. cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub thib 23 thib ob xaus nrog nws ib nrab reprise - lub reproduction ntawm ib kab lus ntawm lub sij hawm 2st (scheme aa1ba1). Nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntev ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm xws li ib daim ntawv, nws cov qauv meej tshaj plaws tshwm, yuav luag txhua lub npe hu ua. "square" qauv (2 + 4 + 4 + 4 lossis 4 + 8 cycles). Ntsib thiab sib txawv. kev ua txhaum cai ntawm lub sij hawm nruj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv 8nd ntu. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nthuav dav possibilities seem hauv D. f. raug txwv, txij li thaum qhov nruab nrab thiab rov ua dua yog ob npaug, ib daim ntawv yooj yim peb feem tshwm (saib daim ntawv peb ntu). Txhua qhov ntawm ob feem ntawm D. t. tuaj yeem rov ua dua (cov phiaj xwm ||: A :||: B :|| lossis A ||: B :||). Kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khoom ua rau daim ntawv pom meej dua, hais txog nws qhov kev faib ua 2 ntu. Xws li kev rov ua dua yog qhov raug rau hom kev tsav tsheb - seev cev thiab lub peb hlis ntuj. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag hom, raws li txoj cai, nws tsis yog siv, uas ua rau daim ntawv ntau dej thiab hloov tau. Cov khoom yuav hloov thaum rov ua dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus composer sau tawm repetition nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawv. (Nyob rau hauv kev tsom xam, ib tug sib txawv repetition yuav tsum tsis txhob muab suav hais tias raws li zoo li ntawm ib feem tshiab.) Hauv D. f. ntawm "singal - chorus" hom, tag nrho daim ntawv raws li ib tug tag nrho yog feem ntau rov qab ob peb zaug (tsis rov hais dua nws qhov chaw sib cais). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib daim ntawv couplet tshwm (saib Couplet). Yooj Yim D. f. tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li tag nrho cov khoom. (song, romance, instr. me me), thiab nws ib feem, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nws yog tonally kaw.
Hom yooj yim D. piav saum toj no f. hauv prof. kos duab tau tsim nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag homophonic-harmonic. warehouse kwv yees li ntawm 2nd pem teb. 18th caug xyoo Lawv tau ua ntej los ntawm lub npe hu ua. qub D. f., uas lub otd. qhov chaw ntawm suites (allemande, courante), qee zaum preludes. Daim ntawv no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev faib ua 2 ntu, hauv kev seev cev. ntau hom yuav rov ua dua. Nws qhov thib 1 yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev nthuav tawm hom. harmonic txoj kev loj hlob yog qhia nyob rau hauv nws los ntawm lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau nws dominant (thiab nyob rau hauv me me ua hauj lwm - mus rau tus yuam sij ntawm lub parallel). Qhov thib 2, pib los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb lossis qhov sib npaug (lossis los ntawm qhov kev sib haum xeeb), ua rau rov ua dua ntawm tus yuam sij tseem ceeb. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ncauj lus hauv daim ntawv no yog ua los ntawm qhov tau hais thaum pib ua haujlwm. thematic nucleus.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug complex Df 2 qhov chaw yog ua ke, uas tsawg kawg yog ib tug mus dhau lub sij hawm thiab tsim ib tug yooj yim ob-los yog peb-ntu daim ntawv. Cov seem ntawm complex D. f., raws li txoj cai, yog contrasting. Feem ntau, daim ntawv no yog siv hauv opera arias. Hauv qhov no, ntu 1 tuaj yeem yog qhov kev taw qhia txuas ntxiv. recitative, 2nd - qhov tseeb aria lossis zaj nkauj ("Kev qhia txog hmoov zoo ntawm Martha" los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Khovanshchina" los ntawm MP Mussorgsky). Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, ob qho tib si sib npaug, thiab lawv qhov sib txawv yog txuam nrog kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tus phab ej hauv lub siab (Liza's aria "Qhov twg cov kua muag los ntawm" los ntawm 2nd scene ntawm PI Tchaikovsky's opera. Poj huab tais ntawm Spades). Kuj tseem muaj qhov nyuaj D. f., qhov thib 2 ntawm uas yog ib qho kev tsim coda (tus duet ntawm Don Giovanni thiab Zerlina los ntawm WA Mozart's opera Don Giovanni). Hauv instr. music complex D. f. siv tsawg dua, thiab ob qho tib si ntawm nws feem ntau sib txawv me ntsis (F. Chopin's nocturne H-dur op. 32 Tsis yog 1). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob daim ntawv sib txawv hauv instr. suab paj nruag – tus sau txoj kev npaj rau orchestra "Cov Nkauj ntawm Solveig" los ntawm E. Grieg.
References: saib ntawm Art. Suab paj nruag daim ntawv.
VP Bobrovsky
