Chromatic system |
Chromatic system - kaum ob-kauj ruam system, txuas ntxiv tonality, - ib qho kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tonal uas tso cai, nyob rau hauv ib tug muab tonality, ib tug chord ntawm ib tug qauv ntawm txhua ntawm kaum ob kauj ruam ntawm lub chromatic scale.
Tshwj xeeb rau X. nrog. yog cov kauj ruam uas tsis suav nrog hauv cov diatonic lossis loj-me systems (saib Diatonic, Major-me) thiab tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm subsystems (deviations) hauv lawv; hauv qhov piv txwv yog cim nrog cov ntawv dub:
Piv txwv ntawm kev sib haum xeeb los ntawm X. nrog:
NWS Prokofiev. "Betrothal in a Monastery" ("Duenna"), scene 1. (Chord X. s. n II functionally hloov DV ntawm no raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tritone hloov.)
Harmony X. s. muaj qhov ci ntsa iab thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm lub suab. Muaj ob yam yooj yim X. c. - nrog kev khaws cia ntawm mono-hom hauv paus (chromatic loj lossis chromatic me; hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm SS Prokofiev) thiab nrog kev tsis lees paub ntawm nws (chromatic tonality yam tsis tau qhia txog hom; los ntawm P. Hindemith). Cov txheej txheem ntawm ob hom yog siv ob qho tib si nrog qhov chaw hauv daim ntawv ntawm consoner. consonance (saib piv txwv saum toj no; kuj fugue hauv C los ntawm Hindemith's Ludus tonalis), thiab nrog dissonance. center (lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "Great Sacred Dance" los ntawm "Rite of Spring" los ntawm IF Stravinsky; lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ntu 2 ntawm "Lyrical Suite" los ntawm Berg). Dep. manifestations ntawm X. nrog. twb pom nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. (AP Borodin, kaw cadence ntawm "Polovtsian Dances" los ntawm opera "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Igor": HV-I), tab sis nws yog feem ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag tonal ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. (DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturyan, TN Khrennikov, DB Kabalevsky, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpay, RS Ledenev, B Bartok, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern thiab lwm tus).
Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag science lub tswv yim X. nrog. SI Taneev (1880, 1909) thiab BL Yavorsky (1908). Lo lus "chromatic tonality" yog siv los ntawm Schoenberg (1911). Niaj hnub txhais lus X. s. VM Belyaev (1930). Hauv kev nthuav dav txoj kev xav ntawm X. nrog. tsim nyob rau hauv lub 60s. 20th caug xyoo (M. Skorik, SM Slonimsky, ME Tarakanov, thiab lwm yam).
References: Taneev SI, Letter to PI Tchaikovsky hnub tim 6 lub Yim Hli, 1880, hauv phau ntawv: PI Tchaikovsky – SI Taneev, Letters, (M.), 1951; nws tus kheej, Movable counterpoint ntawm kev sau nruj, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Yavorsky B., Tus qauv ntawm kev hais lus suab paj nruag, ntu 1, M., 1908; Catuar GL, Theoretical course of harmony, ntu 1-2, M., 1924-1925; Belyaev VM, "Boris Godunov" los ntawm Mussorgsky. Cov kev paub ntawm thematic thiab theoretical tsom xam, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv: Mussorgsky, Cov khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb, vol. 1, M., 1930; ib. Ogolevets AS, Introduction to modern music xav, M.-L., 1946; Skorik MM, Prokofiev and Schoenberg, “SM”, 1962, No 1; nws tus kheej, Ladovaya system S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev's Symphonies. Kev tshawb fawb, M.-L., 1964; Tiftikidi N., Chromatic system, "Musicology", vol. 3, Alma-Ata, 1967; Tarakanov ME, Style ntawm Prokofiev's symphonies, M., 1968; Schoenberg A., Harmonielehre, W., 1911; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Bd 1, Mainz, 1937; Kohoutek S., Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Lavxias teb sab txhais – Kohoutek Ts., Cov txheej txheem sau suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo 1976th, M., XNUMX).
Yu. N. Kholopov
