Samuil Feinberg |

Samuel Feinberg: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Aesthetic impressions los ntawm ib phau ntawv nyeem, hnov ​​suab paj nruag, pom ib daim duab yeej ib txwm yuav renewed. Cov khoom nws tus kheej feem ntau yog nyob ntawm koj pov tseg. Tab sis cov kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshwm sim tau maj mam, dhau sij hawm, ploj mus hauv peb lub cim xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov rooj sib tham pom tseeb tshaj plaws nrog cov tswv zoo tshaj plaws, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov neeg txhais lus qub, ntev ntev txiav rau sab ntsuj plig ntawm tus neeg. Cov kev xav zoo li no yeej muaj xws li ntsib nrog Feinberg's pianistic art. Nws lub tswv yim, nws txhais tsis haum rau hauv ib lub moj khaum, rau hauv tej canons; nws hnov ​​suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev - txhua kab lus, nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev nws perceived daim ntawv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, nws tag nrho cov qauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom txawm tias niaj hnub no los ntawm kev sib piv Feinberg cov ntawv kaw nrog kev ua si ntawm lwm tus kws ntaus nkauj loj.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus kws kos duab tau siv sijhawm ntau tshaj plaub caug xyoo. Muscovites tau mloog nws lub sijhawm kawg hauv xyoo 1956. Thiab Feinberg tau tshaj tawm tias nws tus kheej yog ib tus kws kos duab loj uas twb muaj lawm thaum kawg ntawm Moscow Conservatory (1911). Ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm AB Goldenweiser tau coj mus rau lub rooj sib tham ntawm pawg neeg soj ntsuam, ntxiv rau qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb (Prelude, chorale thiab fugue ntawm Franck, Rachmaninoff's Third Concerto thiab lwm yam haujlwm), tag nrho 48 preludes thiab fugues ntawm Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier.

Txij thaum ntawd los, Feinberg tau muab ntau pua concerts. Tab sis ntawm lawv, kev ua yeeb yam hauv tsev kawm hav zoov hauv Sokolniki nyob ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1919. VI Lenin tuaj xyuas cov hais mav. Ntawm nws qhov kev thov, Feinberg tom qab ntawd ua si Chopin's Prelude hauv D loj loj. Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag nco qab tias: “Txhua tus uas muaj kev txaus siab los koom nrog hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj me me kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv lub peev xwm tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis raug coj los ntawm kev hlub zoo kawg nkaus thiab muaj zog ntawm lub neej ntawm Vladimir Ilyich… rau txhua tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, thaum koj zoo li lub cev xav tias txhua lub suab pom zoo, muaj kev khuv leej cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Ib tug kws ntaus nkauj ntawm qhov kev pom dav tshaj plaws thiab kab lis kev cai zoo, Feinberg tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev sau ntawv. Ntawm nws cov compositions yog peb concertos thiab kaum ob sonatas rau piano, suab miniatures raws li paj huam los ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov, Blok. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab yog Feinberg cov ntawv sau, feem ntau ntawm Bach cov haujlwm, uas tau suav nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm ntau tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag. Nws mob siab rau ntau lub zog rau pedagogy, ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory txij thaum 1922. (Nyob rau hauv 1940 nws twb muab tsub lub degree ntawm Doctor of Arts). Ntawm nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog concert artists thiab xib fwb I. Aptekarev, N. Emelyanova, V. Merzhanov, V. Petrovskaya, L. Zyuzin, Z. Ignatieva, V. Natanson, A. Sobolev, M. Yeshchenko, L. Roshchina thiab lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag kos duab, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ua tus tswv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam piano.

Kev xav thiab kev txawj ntse pib tau sib cuam tshuam hauv nws lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag. Xibfwb VA Natanson, tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Feinberg, hais txog: “Ib tug neeg txawj ntse, nws tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov ncaj ncees, kev xav ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev txhob txwm "qhia" thiab kev txhais lus, mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Nws tag nrho merged intuition thiab txawj ntse. Xws li kev ua tau zoo Cheebtsam xws li dynamics, agogics, articulation, suab ntau lawm yeej ib txwm tau stylistically justified. Txawm tias cov lus tshem tawm xws li "nyeem ntawv" los ua lub ntsiab lus: nws "pom" suab paj nruag xav tsis thoob. Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo nkaus li tias nws tau nruj nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib qho haujlwm. Nws kev txawj ntse txawj ntse gravitated mus rau broad stylistic generalizations.

Los ntawm qhov kawg taw tes ntawm view, nws repertoire, uas yog tsim los ntawm loj txheej, yog yam ntxwv. Ib qho ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cov suab paj nruag ntawm Bach: 48 preludes thiab fugues, nrog rau feem ntau ntawm cov thawj compositions ntawm tus zoo composer. "Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm Bach," Feinberg cov tub ntxhais kawm tau sau xyoo 1960, "tsim nyog kawm tshwj xeeb. Ua haujlwm tag nrho nws lub neej muaj tswv yim ntawm Bach's polyphony, Feinberg ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cheeb tsam no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no, tej zaum, tsis tau nthuav tawm tag nrho. Hauv nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, Feinberg yeej tsis "tso" daim ntawv, tsis "nco" cov ntsiab lus. Nws txoj kev txhais tau los ntawm lub ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm txoj haujlwm. Nws muaj txuj ci molding. Tus pianist txoj kev hloov maj mam, cov lus dav dav tsim, zoo li nws yog, duab kos duab. Txuas qee ntu, hais txog lwm tus, hais txog qhov plasticity ntawm kev hais lus suab paj nruag, nws ua tiav qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua tau zoo.

Txoj kev "cyclical" txhais tau hais tias Feinberg tus cwj pwm ntawm Beethoven thiab Scriabin. Ib lub sijhawm nco txog Moscow lub neej kev hais kwv txhiaj yog pianist kev ua yeeb yam ntawm peb caug-ob Beethoven sonatas. Rov qab rau xyoo 1925 nws ua si tag nrho kaum ntawm Scriabin's sonatas. Qhov tseeb, nws kuj tau paub txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Chopin, Schumann thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Thiab rau txhua tus kws sau nkauj nws tau ua, nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau lub kaum ntse ntse tshwj xeeb, qee zaum tawm tsam cov kev coj noj coj ua. Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, kev soj ntsuam ntawm AB Goldenweiser yog qhov qhia tau tias: "Nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm pom zoo nrog txhua yam hauv Feinberg txoj kev txhais: nws nyiam kiv taub hau nrawm nrawm, lub originality ntawm nws caesuras - tag nrho cov no yog qee zaum debatable; Txawm li cas los xij, kev paub tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, thiab hais lus muaj zog-willed pib ua rau qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab tsis txaus siab txawm tias cov neeg mloog tsis sib haum xeeb. "

Feinberg txaus siab ua si suab paj nruag ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Yog li, nws tau qhia cov neeg mloog kom nthuav cov lus tshiab los ntawm N. Myaskovsky, AN Alexandrov, thawj zaug hauv USSR nws tau ua qhov thib peb Piano Concerto los ntawm S. Prokofiev; Lawm, nws yog ib tug neeg txhais lus zoo ntawm nws tus kheej sau thiab. Lub originality ntawm figurative xav inherent nyob rau hauv Feinberg tsis ntxeev siab rau cov artist nyob rau hauv lub txhais ntawm niaj hnub opuses. Thiab Feinberg's pianism nws tus kheej tau cim los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb zoo. Xib fwb AA Nikolaev tau ua tib zoo mloog rau qhov no: "Cov tswv yim ntawm Feinberg's pianistic txuj ci tseem ceeb - kev txav ntawm nws cov ntiv tes, tsis txhob tawm tsam, thiab zoo li yog caressing cov yuam sij, pob tshab thiab qee zaum velvety lub suab ntawm qhov ntsuas, qhov sib txawv ntawm lub suab, lub elegance ntawm lub suab paj nruag. "

… Ib zaug ib tug pianist tau hais tias: “Kuv xav tias tus kws kos duab tiag tiag yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov taw qhia tshwj xeeb, uas nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub suab zoo. Feinberg tus coefficient yog loj heev.

Lit. cit.: Pianism raws li kev kos duab. – M., 1969; Mastery ntawm pianist. – M., 1978.

Lit.: SE Feinberg. Pianist. Tus sau. Tus kws tshawb fawb. – M., 1984.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek