Zdeněk Fibich |

Zdenek Fibich

Qhov zoo kawg li Czech composer Z. Fibich, nrog rau B. Smetana thiab A. Dvorak, yog qhov raug ranked ntawm cov founders ntawm lub teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composers. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tus composer coincided nrog lub nce ntawm lub patriotic zog nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej, kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej-consciousness ntawm nws cov neeg, thiab qhov no yog heev vividly xav nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Ib tug sib sib zog nqus connoisseur ntawm keeb kwm ntawm nws lub teb chaws, nws cov suab paj nruas folklore, Fiebich ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Czech suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam.

Tus kws sau ntawv tau yug los hauv tsev neeg ntawm hav zoov. Fiebich siv nws thaum yau ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Czech koom pheej. Rau tag nrho nws lub neej, nws khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm nws poetic kev zoo nkauj thiab ntes nyob rau hauv nws ua hauj lwm romantic, zoo heev dluab txuam nrog ntuj ntiaj teb no. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg erudite tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm, nrog kev paub tob thiab ntau yam hauv kev ua suab paj nruag, ntawv nyeem thiab kev xav, Fibich pib kawm suab paj nruag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14. Nws tau txais nws kev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm Smetana Music School hauv Prague, tom qab ntawd ntawm Leipzig Conservatory, thiab los ntawm 1868 nws tau txhim kho los ua tus sau, thawj zaug hauv Paris thiab, me ntsis tom qab, hauv Mannheim. Txij xyoo 1871 (nrog rau kev zam ntawm ob xyoos - 1873-74, thaum nws qhia ntawm RMS Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Suab paj nruag hauv Vilnius), tus kws sau nkauj nyob hauv Prague. Ntawm no nws ua hauj lwm raws li tus thawj coj thib ob thiab choirmaster ntawm Lub Sijhawm Theatre, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg hu nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab yog tus saib xyuas ntawm lub repertory ib feem ntawm lub opera troupe ntawm lub National Theatre. Txawm hais tias Fibich tsis tau qhia hauv cov tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv Prague, nws muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Czech suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Ntawm lawv yog K. Kovarzovits, O. Ostrchil, 3. Nejedly. Tsis tas li ntawd, Fiebich qhov tseem ceeb pab rau kev qhuab qhia yog kev tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua si piano.

Cov kab lig kev cai ntawm German suab paj nruag romanticism ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim Phoebech cov txuj ci suab paj nruag. Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me yog kuv txoj kev mob siab rau Czech cov ntaub ntawv romantic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov paj huam ntawm J. Vrchlicki, uas nws cov hauj lwm tsim lub hauv paus ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov composer tej hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug kws kos duab, Fiebich tau dhau los ntawm txoj kev nyuaj ntawm kev muaj tswv yim evolution. Nws thawj qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm 60-70s. imbued nrog patriotic tswv yim ntawm lub teb chaws kev txhawb siab lub zog, cov phiaj xwm thiab cov duab yog qiv los ntawm Czech keeb kwm thiab pej xeem epos, saturated nrog nthuav qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teb chaws nkauj thiab seev cev folklore. Ntawm cov hauj lwm no, zaj paj huam Zaboy, Slavoy thiab Ludek (1874), lub suab paj nruag opera-ballad Blanik (1877), symphonic paintings Toman thiab hav zoov Fairy, thiab Caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog cov ua hauj lwm uas coj lub composer koob meej thawj zaug. . Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ze tshaj plaws rau Phoebe yog lub suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws, qhov twg hom ntawv nws tus kheej yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau hom kev kos duab, uas cov kab lis kev cai siab, kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm tus kws sau ntawv pom lawv daim ntawv thov. Czech historians nco ntsoov tias, nrog Tus Poj Niam ntawm Messina (1883), Fibich tau txhawb nqa Czech opera nrog lub suab paj nruag xwm txheej, uas tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd hais txog nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. 80s lig - ntxov 90x ib ua gg. Fibich mob siab rau ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - theem melodrama-trilogy "Hippodamia". Sau rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Vrchlitsky, uas tau tsim lub npe nrov Greek myths xwb ntawm no nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov hauj lwm no muaj kev zoo siab, revives thiab ua pov thawj muaj peev xwm ntawm lub suab paj nruag hom.

Xyoo kaum xyoo dhau los hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Phoebech tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Nws tau sau 4 zaj yeeb yaj kiab: "Lub Tempest" (1895), "Gedes" (1897), "Sharka" (1897) thiab "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav" (1899). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no yog qhov sib xyaw tshwj xeeb rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv piano - lub voj voog ntawm 376 piano daim "Moods, Impressions thiab Memories". Keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Anezka Schulz, tus composer tus poj niam. Lub voj voog no, hu ua Z. Nejedly "Fiebich's love diary", tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev xav ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tus kheej thiab kev xav zoo, tab sis yog ib hom kev sim muaj tswv yim uas nws kos cov khoom siv rau ntau yam ntawm nws cov haujlwm. Lub aphoristically luv dluab ntawm lub voj voog tau refracted nyob rau hauv ib tug peculiar txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub thib ob thiab thib peb Symphonies thiab tau txais tshwj xeeb trepidation nyob rau hauv lub symphonic idyll Ua ntej yav tsaus ntuj. Lub violin transcription ntawm no muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj los ntawm tus zoo Czech violinist J. Kubelik, tau dav paub nyob rau hauv lub npe "Poem".

I. Vetlitsyna