Gian Francesco Malipiero |

Gian Francesco Malipiero

Yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj. Txij thaum nws muaj 9 xyoos nws kawm ua si violin. Xyoo 1898-99 nws tau mus kawm Vienna Conservatory (kev sib haum xeeb). Los ntawm 1899 nws kawm txog kev sau thiab ua nrog ME Bossi ntawm Musical Lyceum B. Marcello hauv Venice, tom qab ntawd ntawm Musical Lyceum hauv Bologna (nws kawm tiav hauv 1904). Kev ywj pheej kawm txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ancient Italian masters. Xyoo 1908-09 nws tau mus koom kev qhuab qhia los ntawm M. Bruch hauv Berlin. Xyoo 1921-24 nws qhia hauv Conservatory. A. Boito nyob rau hauv Parma (lub suab paj nruag txoj kev xav), nyob rau hauv 1932-53 professor (composition class; txij li thaum 1940 kuj tus thawj coj) ntawm lub Conservatory. B. Marcello hauv Venice. Ntawm nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog L. Nono, B. Maderna.

Malipiero yog ib tus kws sau ntawv Italian zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws muaj tej hauj lwm ntawm ntau yam. Nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Fabkis Impressionists, nrog rau NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Malipiero txoj hauj lwm yog qhov txawv ntawm lub teb chaws tus cwj pwm (kev cia siab rau pej xeem thiab qub Italian kab lis kev cai), thiab kev siv dav dav ntawm cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub. Malipiero tau pab txhawb rau kev txhawb siab ntawm Italian instrumental music ntawm lub hauv paus tshiab. Nws tsis kam txais kev txhim kho thematic zoo ib yam, nyiam nws cov mosaic sib txawv ntawm tus kheej ntu. Tsuas yog hauv qee qhov kev ua haujlwm dodecaphone yog siv; Malipiero tau tawm tsam avant-garde schemes. Malipiero txuas nrog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev nthuav qhia melodic thiab kev nthuav qhia improvisational ntawm cov khoom, strove rau simplicity thiab tiav ntawm daim ntawv.

Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho ntawm Italian suab paj nruag theatre. Nyob rau hauv nws ntau operas (ntau tshaj 30), feem ntau sau rau nws tus kheej librettos, pessimistic mus ob peb vas yeej.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm raws li classical kawm (Euripides, W. Shakespeare, C. Goldoni, P. Calderon, thiab lwm yam), tus composer overcomes nws tus yam ntxwv mysticism. Malipiero kuj yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, connoisseur thiab txhawb cov suab paj nruag Italian thaum ntxov. Nws coj lub koom haum Italian ntawm Antonio Vivaldi (hauv Siena). Raws li kev kho ntawm Malipiero, cov ntawv sau los ntawm C. Monteverdi (vols. 1-16, 1926-42), A. Vivaldi, ua haujlwm los ntawm G. Tartini, G. Gabrieli thiab lwm tus tau luam tawm.

MM Yakovlev

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam - Canossa (1911, post. 1914, Costanzi Theatre, Rome), Npau suav ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg Sunset (Songo d'un tramonto d'autunno, tom qab G. D'Annunzio, 1914), Orpheid trilogy (Kev tuag ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg - La morte delle maschere; Xya zaj nkauj – Seite canzoni; Orpheus, los yog Yim Yim Nkauj – Orfeo ovvero l'ottava canzone, 1919-22, post. 1925, Dusseldorf), Filomela thiab enchanted los ntawm nws (Filomela e l'infatuato, 1925, post. 1928, German Theatre, Prague ), Goldoni peb zaj dab neeg (Tre commedie Goldoniane: Lub Tsev Kas Fes - La bottega da caffe, Signor Todero-Bruzga - Sior Todaro brontolon, Chiogin skirmishes - Le baruffe chiozzotte; 1926, Darmsead House) Kev sib tw (Torneo notturno, 7 theem nocturnes, 1929, post. 1931, National Theatre, Munich), Venetian paub tsis meej trilogy (Il mistero di Venezia: Eagles of Aquile – Le aquile di Aquileia, Lzhearlekin – Il finto Arlecchino, St. – I corvi di San Marco, ballet, 1925-29, post. 1932, Coburg), Lus dab neeg ntawm tus Foundling Leej Tub (La favola del figliocombiato, 1933, ib. 1934, Br aunschweig), Julius Caesar (raws li W. Shakespeare, 1935, post. 1936, theatre “Carlo Felice”, Genoa), Antony thiab Cleopatra (raws li Shakespeare, 1938, theatre “Comunale”, Florence), Hecuba Ecuba, tom qab Euripides, 1939, post. 1941, theatre “Opera”, Rome), Zoo siab lub tuam txhab (L'allegra brigata, 6 zaj dab neeg luv luv, 1943, post. 1950, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej thiab Hellish Worlds (Mondi celesti e infernali, 1949, Spanish 1950, hauv xov tooj cua, post. 1961, theatre ” Fenice, Venice), Donna Urraca (tom qab P. Merime, 1954, Tr Donizetti, Bergamo), Captain Siavento (1956, post. 1963, San Carlo Theatre, Naples), Captive Venus (Venere prigioniera, 1956, post. 1957, Florence), Don Giovanni (4 scenes after Pushkin's Stone Guest, 1963, Naples), prude Tartuffe (1966), Metamorphoses of Bonaventure (1966). ntawm Bonaventure (1968, post. 1969, theatre “Piccola Scala”, Milan), Iscariot (1971) thiab lwm yam; pov pob – Panthea (1919, post. 1949, Vienna), Masquerade of the Captive Princess (La mascherata delle principesse prigioniere, 1924, Brussels), New World (El mondo novo, 1951), Stradivarius (1958, Dortmund); cantatas, paub tsis meej thiab lwm yam suab thiab instrumental compositions; rau orchestra - 11 symphonies (1933, 1936, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1951, 1967, 1970), Impressionni dal vero, 3 1910 cycles, Break 1915 cycles, del silenzio, 1922 cycles, 2, 1917), Armenia (1926), Passacaglia (1917), Txhua Hnub Fantasy (Fantasie di ogni giorno, 1952); Kev sib tham (Tsis muaj 1951, nrog Manuel de Falla, 1), thiab lwm yam; concerts nrog orchestra - 5 rau fp. (1934, 1937, 1948, 1950, 1958), rau 2 fp. (1957), 2 rau Skr. (1932, 1963), wlc. (1937), rau Skr., Vlch. thiab fp. (1938), Variations tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus rau piano. (1923); chamber instrumental ensembles – 7 kab. quarts, thiab lwm yam; cov piano; kev sib hlub; suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam theatre thiab xinesmas.

Literary tej hauj lwm: Lub orchestra, Bologna, 1920; Theatre, Bologna, 1920; Claudio Monteverdi, Mil., 1929; Stravinsky, Venice, [1945]; Cossн mus ntiaj teb [автобиография], Mil., 1946; Kev sib haum xeeb labyrinth, Mil., 1946; Antonio Vivaldi, [Mil., 1958].