Reinhold Moritsevich Glière |

Reinhold Glier

Glier. Prelude (orchestra ua los ntawm T. Beecham)

Glier! Xya roses ntawm kuv Persian, Xya odalisques ntawm kuv lub vaj, Sorcery lord ntawm Musikia, koj tig mus ua xya nightingales. Vyach. Ivanov

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Socialist Revolution tau tshwm sim, Gliere, twb yog tus kws sau nkauj, kws qhia ntawv, thiab tus thawj coj hauv lub sijhawm ntawd, tam sim ntawd tau koom tes nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag Soviet. Ib tug junior sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composers, ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm S. Taneyev, A. Arensky, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, nrog nws ntau yam kev ua ub no, nws ua ib tug nyob kev sib txuas ntawm Soviet suab paj nruag thiab cov nplua nuj kev lig kev cai thiab artistic kev ntawm yav dhau los. . "Kuv tsis tau koom nrog ib lub voj voog lossis tsev kawm ntawv," Glier tau sau txog nws tus kheej, tab sis nws txoj haujlwm tsis kam hu rau cov npe ntawm M. Glinka, A. Borodin, A. Glazunov vim qhov zoo sib xws hauv kev xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas. zoo nkaus li ci hauv Glier, sib haum xeeb, tag nrho. "Kuv xav tias nws yog kev ua txhaum cai los qhia kuv lub siab tsis zoo hauv suab paj nruag," tus kws sau nkauj tau hais.

Gliere cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim yog dav thiab ntau yam: 5 operas, 6 ballets, 3 symphonies, 4 instrumental concertos, suab paj nruag rau ib tug tooj dag band, rau ib tug orchestra ntawm pej xeem instruments, chamber ensembles, instrumental pieces, piano thiab vocal compositions rau cov me nyuam, suab paj nruag rau ua yeeb yam. thiab xinesmas.

Pib kawm suab paj nruag tawm tsam nws niam nws txiv, Reinhold los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav ua pov thawj txoj cai rau nws txoj kev nyiam kos duab thiab tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev kawm ntawm Kiev Musical College hauv 1894 nws nkag mus rau Moscow Conservatory hauv chav kawm ntawm violin, thiab tom qab ntawd sau. "… Tsis muaj leej twg tau ua haujlwm hnyav hauv chav kawm rau kuv li Gliere," Taneyev sau rau Arensky. Thiab tsis yog nyob hauv chav kawm xwb. Gliere tau kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias, cov phau ntawv ntawm kev xav, kev xav, keeb kwm, thiab xav paub txog kev tshawb pom. Tsis txaus siab rau chav kawm, nws kawm cov suab paj nruag classic ntawm nws tus kheej, mus kawm suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj, qhov chaw nws ntsib S. Rachmaninov, A. Goldenweiser thiab lwm cov duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag. "Kuv tau yug los hauv Kyiv, hauv Moscow Kuv pom qhov kaj ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab qhov kaj ntawm lub siab ..." sau Gliere txog lub sijhawm no ntawm nws lub neej.

Cov hauj lwm hnyav li no tsis tso sijhawm rau kev lom zem, thiab Gliere tsis siv zog rau lawv. "Kuv zoo li qee yam cracker ... tsis tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv ib qho chaw hauv tsev noj mov, pub, noj khoom txom ncauj ..." Nws tau thov txim rau nkim sijhawm rau kev ua si, nws ntseeg tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum siv zog ua kom tiav, uas ua tiav los ntawm nyuaj ua hauj lwm, thiab yog li ntawd koj xav tau "yuav harden thiab tig mus rau hauv steel. Txawm li cas los xij, Glier tsis yog "cracker". Nws muaj lub siab zoo, lub suab paj nruag, paj huam.

Glier kawm tiav los ntawm Conservatoire nyob rau hauv 1900 nrog ib tug kub puav pheej, yog los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd tus sau ntawm ob peb chamber compositions thiab thawj Symphony. Hauv xyoo tom ntej, nws sau ntau thiab ntau yam sib txawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov thib peb Symphony "Ilya Muromets" (1911), uas L. Stokowski tau sau rau tus sau: "Kuv xav tias nrog lub suab nkauj no koj tau tsim ib lub cim rau Slavic kab lis kev cai - suab paj nruag uas qhia lub zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab. neeg." Tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub conservatory, Gliere pib qhia. Txij li thaum xyoo 1900, nws tau qhia ib chav kawm ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab ib phau ntawv encyclopedia (uas yog lub npe ntawm cov chav kawm txuas ntxiv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, uas suav nrog polyphony thiab keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag) ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm Gnessin cov viv ncaus; Thaum lub caij ntuj sov lub hlis ntawm 1902 thiab 1903. npaj Seryozha Prokofiev rau nkag mus rau lub conservatory, kawm nrog N. Myaskovsky.

Nyob rau hauv 1913, Gliere tau raug caw los ua ib tug xibfwb ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm Kyiv Conservatory, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd los ua nws tus thawj coj. Nto moo Ukrainian composers L. Revutsky, B. Lyatoshinsky tau kawm nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj. Glner tswj kom nyiam cov suab paj nruag xws li F. Blumenfeld, G. Neuhaus, B. Yavorsky mus ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom. Ntxiv nrog rau kev kawm nrog cov kws sau nkauj, nws tau ua tub ntxhais kawm suab paj nruag, coj opera, orchestral, chav kawm, koom nrog kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm RMS, kev ncig xyuas ntau tus kws ntaus nkauj hauv Kyiv - S. Koussevitzky, J. Heifets, S. Rachmaninov, S. Prokofiev, A. Grechaninov . Nyob rau hauv 1920, Gliere tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov twg mus txog rau thaum 1941 nws qhia ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory. Nws tau cob qhia ntau tus kws sau nkauj thiab suab paj nruag hauv Soviet, suav nrog AN Aleksandrov, B. Aleksandrov, A. Davidenko, L. Knipper, A. Khachaturian… txawm hais tias koj nug dab tsi, nws hloov tawm mus ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Glier - ncaj qha, lossis xeeb ntxwv.

nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub 20s. Glier's multifaceted kev ua ub no nthuav tawm. Nws coj lub koom haum ntawm pej xeem concerts, coj patronage tshaj cov me nyuam lub colony, qhov chaw uas nws qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm hu nkauj nyob rau hauv chorus, staged ua yeeb yam nrog lawv, los yog yooj yim qhia fairy tales, improvising ntawm lub piano. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rau ntau xyoo, Gliere tau qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm choral lub voj voog ntawm Communist University of the Working People of the East, uas coj nws ntau qhov kev xav zoo li tus kws sau ntawv.

Gliere qhov kev pab cuam rau kev tsim cov suab paj nruag tshaj lij hauv tebchaws Soviet - Ukraine, Azerbaijan, thiab Uzbekistan - yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum yau, nws tau pom kev txaus siab rau pej xeem suab paj nruag ntawm ntau haiv neeg: "cov duab no thiab intonations yog rau kuv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab ntawm kuv txoj kev xav thiab kev xav." Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws yog nws paub nrog Ukrainian suab paj nruag, uas nws kawm tau ntau xyoo. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog symphonic painting Lub Cossacks (1921), symphonic paj huam Zapovit (1941), tus ballet Taras Bulba (1952).

Xyoo 1923, Gliere tau txais kev caw los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm ntawm AzSSR tuaj rau Baku thiab sau ntawv ua yeeb yam rau lub ntsiab lus hauv tebchaws. Lub tswv yim tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev mus ncig no yog qhov ua yeeb yam "Shahsenem", uas tau tshwm sim ntawm Azerbaijan Opera thiab Ballet Theatre hauv xyoo 1927. Kev kawm txog Uzbek cov dab neeg thaum lub sij hawm npaj lub xyoo caum ntawm Uzbek kos duab nyob rau hauv Tashkent coj mus rau lub creation ntawm overture "Ferghana Nyiaj so koobtsheej. ” (1940) thiab koom tes nrog T. Sadykov operas "Leyli thiab Majnun" (1940) thiab "Gyulsara" (1949). Ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm no, Gliere tau dhau los ua kev ntseeg ntau dua ntawm qhov xav tau los khaws cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws, nrhiav txoj hauv kev los koom ua ke. Lub tswv yim no tau tsim nyob rau hauv "Solemn Overture" (1937), ua rau Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Uzbek suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv lub overtures "On Slavic Folk Themes" thiab "Kev phooj ywg ntawm Tib neeg" (1941).

Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm Gliere hauv kev tsim ntawm Soviet ballet. Ib qho kev tshwm sim zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab hauv Soviet yog ballet "Red Poppy". ("Liab Paj"), staged ntawm Bolshoi Theatre hauv 1927. Nws yog thawj Soviet ballet ntawm lub ntsiab lus niaj hnub, qhia txog kev phooj ywg ntawm cov neeg Soviet thiab Suav. Lwm qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv hom no yog kev ntaus pob tesniv "Bronze Horseman" raws li cov paj huam los ntawm A. Pushkin, ua rau xyoo 1949 hauv Leningrad. Lub "Hymn rau lub Great City", uas xaus no ballet, tam sim ntawd tau nrov nrov.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 30s. Glier thawj tig mus rau ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub concerto. Nyob rau hauv nws concertos rau harp (1938), rau cello (1946), rau horn (1951), lyrical possibilities ntawm tus soloist yog dav txhais thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub virtuosity thiab festive enthusiasm nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawv yog khaws cia. Tab sis qhov tseeb masterpiece yog Concerto rau lub suab (coloratura soprano) thiab orchestra (1943) - tus kws sau nkauj tshaj plaws thiab ntxim nyiam ua haujlwm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj feem ntau yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau Gliere, uas tau ntau xyoo lawm nquag muab concerts ua tus neeg xyuas pib thiab pianist. Kev ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej (qhov kawg tshwm sim 24 hnub ua ntej nws tuag), thaum Glier nyiam taug kev mus rau qhov chaw deb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws, pom qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm. “… Tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum tau kawm kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub hnub nyoog, txhim kho nws cov txuj ci, txhim kho thiab txhawb nws txoj kev xav hauv ntiaj teb, mus tom ntej thiab mus tom ntej. Cov lus no Glier tau sau thaum kawg ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Lawv coj nws txoj sia.

O. Averyanova

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam - opera-oratorio Lub Ntiaj Teb thiab Ntuj (tom qab J. Byron, 1900), Shahsenem (1923-25, staged 1927 hauv Lavxias, Baku; 2nd edition 1934, hauv Azerbaijani, Azerbaijan Opera Theatre thiab ballet, Baku), Leyli thiab Majnun (raws li ntawm zaj paj huam los ntawm A. Navoi, co-sau T. Sadykov, 1940, Uzbek Opera thiab Ballet Theatre, Tashkent), Gyulsara (co-sau T. Sadykov, staged 1949, ibid), Rachel (tom qab H. Maupassant, zaum kawg version 1947, cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm Opera thiab Dramatic Theatre muaj npe tom qab K. Stanislavsky, Moscow); suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam - Gulsara (ntawv nyeem los ntawm K. Yashen thiab M. Mukhamedov, suab paj nruag tsim los ntawm T. Jalilov, kaw los ntawm T. Sadykov, txheej txheem thiab orchestrated los ntawm G., post. 1936, Tashkent); pov pob - Chrysis (1912, International Theatre, Moscow), Cleopatra (Egyptian Nights, tom qab AS Pushkin, 1926, Suab paj nruag Studio ntawm Art Theatre, Moscow), Liab Poppy (txij li xyoo 1957 - Paj Liab, post. 1927, Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow; 2nd ed., post. 1949, Leningrad Opera thiab Ballet Theatre), comedians (Daughter of the People, raws li kev ua si "Fuente Ovehuna" los ntawm Lope de Vega, 1931, Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow; 2nd ed. nyob rau hauv lub npe Ntxhais ntawm Castile, 1955, Stanislavsky thiab Nemirovich-Danchenko Musical Theatre, Moscow), Bronze Horseman (raws li cov paj huam los ntawm AS Pushkin, 1949, Leningrad Opera thiab Ballet Theatre; USSR State Pr., 1950), Taras Bulba (raws li phau ntawv tshiab los ntawm NV Gogol, op. 1951-52); tubkaub Lub koob meej rau Soviet Army (1953); rau orchestra – 3 symphonies (1899-1900; 2nd – 1907; 3rd – Ilya Muromets, 1909-11); symphonic paj huam - Sirens (1908; Glinkinskaya pr., 1908), Zapovit (hauv nco txog TG Shevchenko, 1939-41); overtures - Solemn overture (Nyob rau lub 20th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj, 1937), Fergana hnub caiv (1940), Overture ntawm Slavic pej xeem cov ntsiab lus (1941), Friendship of people (1941), yeej (1944-45); ua symp. ib daim duab ntawm Cossacks (1921); concerts nrog orchestra - rau harp (1938), rau lub suab (1943; State Prospect of the USSR, 1946), rau wlc. (1947), rau horn (1951); rau tooj dag band - Hnub so ntawm Comintern (kev npau suav, 1924), Lub Peb Hlis ntawm Red Army (1924), 25 xyoo ntawm Red Army (overture, 1943); rau orc. nar. cuab yeej - Fantasy Symphony (1943); chamber instrument orc. ntau lawm – 3 sextets (1898, 1904, 1905 – Glinkinskaya pr., 1905); 4 quartets (1899, 1905, 1928, 1946 – No 4, USSR State Pr., 1948); rau piano - 150 ua si, incl. 12 cov menyuam yaus ua si ntawm qhov nyuaj nruab nrab (1907), 24 yam ua yeeb yam rau cov hluas (4 phau ntawv, 1908), 8 kev ua si yooj yim (1909), thiab lwm yam; rau violin, incl. 12 duets rau 2 skr. (1909); rau cello - Ntau tshaj 70 plays, incl. 12 nplooj ntawm ib qho album (1910); romances thiab nkauj – OK. 150; suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab.