Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze (Meliton Balanchivadze) |
Meliton Balanchivadze: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?
M. Balanchivadze tau muaj kev zoo siab tsis tshua muaj - los nteg thawj lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Georgian artistic suab paj nruag thiab ces zoo siab saib yuav ua li cas lub tsev no loj hlob thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub 50 xyoo. D. Arakishvili
M. Balanchivadze nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai raws li ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Georgian composer tsev kawm ntawv. Ib tug active pej xeem daim duab, ib tug kaj thiab nquag propagandist ntawm Georgian pej xeem suab paj nruag, Balanchivadze mob siab rau nws tag nrho lub neej mus rau lub creation ntawm lub teb chaws kos duab.
Tus neeg sau yav tom ntej muaj lub suab zoo thaum ntxov, thiab txij li thaum yau nws pib hu nkauj hauv ntau pawg hu nkauj, thawj zaug hauv Kutaisi, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Tbilisi Theological Seminary, qhov chaw nws tau raug xaiv tsa hauv 1877. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig tsis tau ua. nyiam cov tub ntxhais suab paj nruag thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1880 Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub hu nkauj pab pawg neeg ntawm lub Tbilisi Opera tsev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Balanchivadze twb fascinated los ntawm Georgian suab paj nruag folklore, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txhawb nws, nws tau npaj ib tug ethnographic hu nkauj. Kev ua haujlwm hauv pawg hu nkauj tau cuam tshuam nrog kev npaj ntawm pej xeem cov suab paj nruag, thiab xav tau kev txawj ntse ntawm tus kws sau cov txheej txheem. Xyoo 1889, Balanchivadze nkag mus rau St. Petersburg Conservatory, qhov twg N. Rimsky-Korsakov (suab paj nruag), V. Samus (singing), Y. Ioganson (kev sib haum xeeb) los ua nws cov xib fwb.
Lub neej thiab kev kawm hauv St. Petersburg tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim cov duab muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Cov chav kawm nrog Rimsky-Korsakov, kev phooj ywg nrog A. Lyadov thiab N. Findeisen tau pab tsim nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Georgian tshuab raj. Nws tau ua raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nkauj Georgian pej xeem thiab cov lus qhia uas crystallized hauv kev coj ua suab paj nruag European. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Balanchivadze tseem ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera Darejan Insidious (nws fragments tau ua thaum ntxov li 1897 nyob rau hauv Tbilisi). Lub opera yog raws li paj huam "Tamara lub Insidious" los ntawm cov classic ntawm Georgian cov ntaub ntawv A. Tsereteli. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Opera tau ncua sijhawm, thiab nws pom lub teeb ntawm txoj kev tsuas yog xyoo 1926 ntawm Georgian Opera thiab Ballet Theatre. Cov tsos ntawm "Darejan insidious" yog yug los ntawm Georgian lub teb chaws opera.
Tom qab lub Kaum Hlis Revolution, Balanchivadze nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Georgia. Ntawm no, nws lub peev xwm ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub neej suab paj nruag, pej xeem cov duab thiab tus kws qhia ntawv tau ua tiav tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv 1918 nws nrhiav tau ib lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Kutaisi, thiab los ntawm 1921 nws mus rau lub suab paj nruag department ntawm lub People's Commissariat of Education ntawm Georgia. Tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm suav nrog cov ntsiab lus tshiab: choral kev npaj ntawm cov nkauj tawm suab, cantata "Glory to ZAGES". Rau kaum xyoo ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab ntawm Georgia nyob rau hauv Moscow (1936) ib tsab tshiab ntawm lub Opera Darejan lub Insidious tau ua. Ob peb tej hauj lwm ntawm Balanchivadze muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tiam tom ntej ntawm Georgian composers. Cov thawj coj ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag yog opera thiab romances. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau nkauj lub chamber-vocal lyrics yog qhov txawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag, uas ib tus tuaj yeem hnov qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov intonations ntawm Georgian txhua hnub nkauj thiab Lavxias teb sab classical romance ("Thaum kuv saib koj", "Kuv xav. rau koj mus ib txhis", "Tsis txhob tu siab rau kuv", ib tug nrov duet "Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab lwm yam).
Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Balanchivadze yog nyob hauv lyric-epic opera Darejan lub Insidious, uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag ci, originality ntawm recitatives, nplua nuj melos, thiab nthuav kev sib haum xeeb pom. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tsuas yog siv cov nkauj Georgian pej xeem nkaus xwb, tab sis hauv nws cov suab paj nruag tso siab rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm Georgian lus dab neeg; Qhov no muab lub opera freshness thiab originality ntawm suab paj nruag xim. Kev txawj ntse tsim theem kev ua haujlwm pab txhawb rau cov organic kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua tau zoo, uas tsis tau poob nws qhov tseem ceeb txawm tias niaj hnub no.
L. Rapatskaya
