Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Balanchivadze, tus kws sau nkauj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Georgia, tau dhau los ua nplooj ntawv ci ntsa iab hauv kev txhim kho lub teb chaws suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Nrog nws lub npe, ntau txog Georgian kev tshaj lij suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim thawj zaug. Qhov no siv rau tej yam xws li ballet, piano concerto, "nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm, Georgian symphonic xav thawj zaug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug zoo meej daim ntawv, nrog xws classical simplicity" (O. Taktakishvili). A. Balanchivadze coj ib tug tag nrho galaxy ntawm composers ntawm lub koom pheej, ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili thiab lwm tus.

Balanchivadze yug hauv St. “Kuv txiv, Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, yog ib tug kws tshuab raj… Kuv pib sau thaum muaj yim xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tiag tiag, ua suab paj nruag hauv xyoo 1918, tom qab tsiv mus rau Georgia. Xyoo 1918, Balanchivadze nkag mus rau Kutaisi Musical College, uas tau tsim los ntawm nws txiv. Xyoo 1921-26. cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Tiflis Conservatory nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, sim nws txhais tes ntawm kev sau ntawv me me. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Balanchivadze ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug suab paj nruas designer rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub Proletcult Theatre ntawm Georgia, lub Satire Theatre, Tbilisi Workers 'Theatre, thiab lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv 1927, raws li ib feem ntawm ib pab neeg ntaus suab paj nruag, Balanchivadze raug xa los ntawm cov neeg lub Commissariat of Education ntawm Georgia mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub Leningrad Conservatory, qhov uas nws kawm txog 1931. Ntawm no A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina los ua nws cov xib fwb. . Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Leningrad Conservatory, Balanchivadze rov qab mus rau Tbilisi, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais kev caw los ntawm Kote Marjanishvili mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam nws qhia. Lub sijhawm no, Balanchivadze kuj tau sau nkauj rau thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab Georgian suab.

Balanchivadze nkag mus rau hauv Soviet kos duab thaum tig ntawm 20s thiab 30s. ua ke nrog tag nrho galaxy ntawm Georgian composers, cov uas yog Gr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Nws yog ib tiam tshiab ntawm lub teb chaws composers uas tau khaws thiab txuas ntxiv rau lawv tus kheej txoj kev ua tiav ntawm cov neeg sau qub tshaj plaws - tus tsim ntawm lub teb chaws kev suab paj nruag: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. Tsis zoo li lawv cov thawj coj, uas ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv kev ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruag thiab chamber-vocal music, cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Georgian composers tau hloov mus rau cov suab paj nruag, thiab Georgian suab paj nruag tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv ob mus rau peb lub xyoos tom ntej.

Xyoo 1936, Balanchivadze tau sau nws thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - Thawj Piano Concerto, uas tau los ua thawj tus piv txwv ntawm hom ntawv no hauv lub tebchaws suab paj nruag. Cov khoom siv ci ntsa iab ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj yog txuas nrog cov lus dab neeg hauv teb chaws: nws embodies lub intonations ntawm cov suab paj nruag epic hnyav, suab paj nruag zoo nkauj, thiab cov nkauj lyrical. Nyob rau hauv no muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntau yam ntxwv uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Balanchivadze lub style nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej twb tau hnov: variational txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev sib raug zoo ntawm heroic cov ntsiab lus nrog ib hom ntawv nyeem tshwj xeeb pej xeem suab paj nruag, virtuosity ntawm lub piano, reminiscent ntawm lub pianism. F. Liszt. Lub heroic pathos muaj nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no, tus composer yuav embody nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob Piano Concerto (1946).

Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub tebchaws yog lub suab nkauj-heroic ballet "Lub plawv ntawm Roob" (1st edition 1936, 2nd edition 1938). Cov zajlus yog raws li kev hlub ntawm tus hluas yos hav zoov Dzhardzhi rau tus ntxhais ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Manizhe thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg pluag tawm tsam feudal tsim txom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1959. Lyrical-romantic love scenes, tag nrho ntawm extraordinary ntxim nyiam thiab paj huam, yog ua ke ntawm no nrog pej xeem, ib hom ntawv nyeem-tsev lub sij hawm. Lub hauv paus ntawm pej xeem seev cev, ua ke nrog classical choreography, tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag lus ntawm ballet. Balanchivadze siv round seev cev perkhuli, nquag sachidao (ib tug seev cev ua thaum lub sij hawm lub teb chaws tawm tsam), militant mtiuluri, zoo siab tseruli, heroic horumi, thiab lwm yam. Shostakovich heev txaus siab rau tus ballet: "... tsis muaj dab tsi me me nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag no, txhua yam yog tob heev ... noble thiab sublime, ntau yam loj pathos los ntawm loj paj huam. Tus kws sau ntawv ua ntej ua tsov rog kawg yog zaj nkauj-comic opera Mziya, uas tau ua hauv XNUMX. Nws yog los ntawm ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm lub neej niaj hnub ntawm lub zos socialist hauv Georgia.

Nyob rau hauv 1944, Balanchivadze sau nws thawj thiab thawj symphony nyob rau hauv Georgian suab paj nruag, nplooj siab rau cov xwm txheej niaj hnub. “Kuv sau kuv thawj zaj nkauj thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog txaus ntshai… Xyoo 1943, thaum lub foob pob tawg, kuv tus muam tuag. Kuv xav xav txog ntau yam kev paub hauv zaj nkauj no: tsis yog kev tu siab thiab kev tu siab rau cov neeg tuag xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev ntseeg hauv kev yeej, kev ua siab loj, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm peb cov neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, ua ke nrog choreographer L. Lavrovsky, tus composer ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ballet Ruby Stars, feem ntau tom qab ntawd los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ballet Pages of Life (1961).

Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Balanchivadze yog qhov thib peb Concerto rau Piano thiab String Orchestra (1952), mob siab rau cov hluas. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog programmatic nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws yog saturated nrog lub peb hlis ntuj-song intonations yam ntxwv ntawm pioneer suab paj nruag. "Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb Concerto rau Piano thiab String Orchestra, Balanchivadze yog ib tug naive, cheerful, perky me nyuam," sau N. Mamisashvili. Qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj no tau suav nrog hauv repertoire ntawm nto moo Soviet pianists - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. Plaub Piano Concerto (1968) muaj 6 qhov chaw, uas tus kws sau ntawv nrhiav kom ntes cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm Georgia - lawv qhov xwm txheej, kab lis kev cai, lub neej: 1 teev - "Jvari" (lub tuam tsev nto moo ntawm lub xyoo pua 2th hauv. Kartli), 3 teev - "Tetnuld" (lub ncov roob hauv Svaneti), 4 teev - "Salamuri" (lub teb chaws hom flute), 5 teev - "Dila" (Sab sawv ntxov, intonations ntawm Gurian choral nkauj siv ntawm no), 6 teev - "Rion Forest" (txhais qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Imeretin), 2 teev - "Tskhratskaro" (Cuaj qhov chaw). Nyob rau hauv thawj version, lub voj voog muaj XNUMX ntu ntxiv - "Vine" thiab "Chanchkeri" (" Dej tsaws tsag ").

Qhov thib plaub piano concerto tau ua ntej los ntawm ballet Mtsyri (1964, raws li ib zaj paj huam los ntawm M. Lermontov). Nyob rau hauv no ballet paj huam, uas muaj ib tug tiag tiag symphonic ua tsis taus pa, tag nrho cov xim ntawm lub composer yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm tus protagonist, uas muab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug monodrama. Nws yog nrog cov duab ntawm Mtsyra uas 3 leitmotifs txuam nrog, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab paj nruag dramaturgy ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. "Lub tswv yim los sau ib tug ballet raws li Lermontov zaj dab neeg yog yug los ntawm Balanchivadze ntev dhau los," sau A. Shaverzashvili. “Thaum ntxov, nws nyob ntawm Dab. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev npaj no tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Thaum kawg, qhov kev xaiv poob rau "Mtsyri" ... "

"Balanchivadze txoj kev tshawb fawb tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tuaj txog hauv Soviet Union ntawm nws tus tij laug George Balanchine, uas nws loj heev, tshiab choreographic kos duab tau qhib qhov tshiab muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm tus neeg dhia tes ... tshawb nrhiav. Qhov no txiav txim siab txoj hmoo ntawm nws tus neeg ntaus pob ncaws pob tshiab. "

70-80s cim los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tshwj xeeb ntawm Balanchivadze. Nws tau tsim qhov thib peb (1978), Plaub ("Forest", 1980) thiab thib tsib ("Cov Hluas", 1989) symphonies; suab-symphonic paj huam "Obelisks" (1985); opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Fifth Concerto (ob leeg 1979) thiab Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) thiab lwm yam instrumental compositions.

"Andrey Balanchivadze yog ib tug ntawm cov creators uas tau tso ib tug indelible cim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai. …Thaum lub sij hawm, lub qab ntug tshiab qhib ua ntej txhua tus kws kos duab, ntau yam hauv lub neej hloov. Tab sis qhov kev xav ntawm kev ris txiaj, kev hwm rau Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, ib tug neeg xam xaj thiab tus tsim zoo, nyob nrog peb mus ib txhis” (O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko