Muzio Clementi (Muzio Clementi) |

Kev Clementi

Clements. Sonatina in C loj, Op. 36 No. 1 Andante

Muzio Clementi - composer ntawm ib puas thiab rau caum sonatas, ntau yam khoom nruab nrog cev thiab piano daim, ob peb symphonies thiab cov kev tshawb fawb nto moo "Gradus ad Parnassum", yug nyob rau hauv Rome nyob rau hauv 1752, nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm ib tug jeweler, ib tug passionate lover ntawm suab paj nruag, uas. tsis muaj dab tsi los muab nws tus tub rau kev kawm suab paj nruag. Rau rau xyoo, Muzio twb tau hu nkauj los ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg, thiab tus me nyuam tub cov txuj ci nplua nuj tau pab nws cov kws qhia - tus kws kho mob Cardicelli, tus tiv thaiv Cartini thiab tus hu nkauj Santorelli, los npaj ib tug me nyuam tub muaj cuaj xyoos rau kev sib tw rau qhov chaw. ib tug organist. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, Clementi tau mus ncig rau tebchaws Askiv nrog nws tus thawj coj, tus neeg Askiv Bedford. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev mus ncig no yog kev caw rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txuj ci los ua qhov chaw ntawm bandmaster ntawm Italian opera hauv London. Txuas ntxiv txhim kho hauv kev ua si piano, Clementi nws thiaj li paub tias yog tus tsim txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tus kws qhia piano zoo tshaj.

Nyob rau hauv 1781 nws ua nws thawj artistic taug kev los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Los ntawm Strasbourg thiab Munich, nws tuaj txog hauv Vienna, qhov chaw nws tau los ze rau Mozart thiab Haydn. Ntawm no hauv Vienna, kev sib tw ntawm Clementi thiab Mozart tau tshwm sim. Qhov kev tshwm sim ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm Viennese music lovers.

Qhov kev vam meej ntawm kev mus ncig ua si tau pab txhawb rau Clementi cov haujlwm ntxiv hauv daim teb no, thiab xyoo 1785 nws tau mus rau Paris thiab kov yeej cov Parisians nrog nws ua si.

Los ntawm 1785 txog 1802, Clementi xyaum tau tso tseg pej xeem kev ua yeeb yam thiab coj kev qhia thiab sau cov dej num. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm xya xyoo no, nws tau tsim thiab koom nrog ntau lub tsev tshaj tawm suab paj nruag thiab cov khoom siv suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau hauv 1802, Clementi, ua ke nrog nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Field, ua qhov thib ob loj artistic ncig saib los ntawm Paris thiab Vienna mus rau St. Txhua qhov chaw lawv tau txais nrog kev txaus siab. Teb tseem nyob hauv St. Petersburg, thiab Zeiner koom nrog Clementi hauv nws qhov chaw; hauv Berlin thiab Dresden lawv tau koom nrog Berger thiab Klengel. Ntawm no, hauv Berlin, Clementi yuav, tab sis tsis ntev nws poob nws tus poj niam hluas thiab, txhawm rau kom poob nws txoj kev tu siab, rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg nrog nws cov tub ntxhais kawm Berger thiab Klengel. Xyoo 1810, dhau los ntawm Vienna thiab tag nrho ntawm Ltalis, Clementi rov qab los rau London. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv 1811 nws remarries, thiab mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub nws tsis tawm hauv teb chaws Askiv, tsuas yog rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1820, uas nws siv nyob rau hauv Leipzig.

Lub suab paj nruag yeeb yam ntawm tus composer tsis ploj mus. Nws nrhiav tau lub Philharmonic Society nyob rau London thiab ua symphony orchestras, ua ib tug zoo pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm piano kos duab.

Cov neeg kawm hu ua Clementi "tus txiv ntawm piano suab paj nruag". Tus tsim thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub npe hu ua London tsev kawm ntawv ntawm pianism, nws yog ib tug ci ntsa iab virtuoso, tawm tsam nrog kev ywj pheej thiab kev tshav ntuj ntawm kev ua si, qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntiv tes. Clementi tau coj los rau hauv nws lub sijhawm tag nrho lub galaxy ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm zoo kawg li, uas tau txiav txim siab loj hlob ntawm kev ua yeeb yam piano rau ntau xyoo tom ntej. Tus kws sau ntawv sau txog nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev qhia paub hauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb "Txoj Kev Ua Si Piano", uas yog ib qho kev pab suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Tab sis txawm tam sim no, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag niaj hnub paub; txhawm rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si piano, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los ua si Clementi's etudes.

Raws li ib tug tshaj tawm, Clementi luam tawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ntau ntawm nws contemporaries. Thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Askiv, ntau yam ntawm Beethoven cov haujlwm tau luam tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws luam tawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm composers ntawm lub xyoo pua 1823th (nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej adaptation). Xyoo 1832, Clementi tau koom nrog hauv kev muab tso ua ke thiab luam tawm ntawm thawj lub suab paj nruag encyclopedia. Muzio Clementi tuag hauv London hauv XNUMX, tawm hauv qab lub koob hmoov loj. Nws tau tso peb tseg tsis muaj tsawg ntawm nws cov suab paj nruag zoo, txawj ntse.

Viktor Kashirnikov