Yuav ua li cas sai sai nrhiav cov tonalities ntawm lub thib ob thiab thib peb degrees?

Niaj hnub no peb yuav ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - peb yuav kawm nrhiav kev nyob deb ntawm tonalities, thiab ua qhov no sai li sai tau raws li peb pom "cov txheeb ze" hauv thawj qib.

Ua ntej, cia peb piav qhia ib qho tseem ceeb. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee cov neeg nyiam siv Rimsky-Korsakov system, raws li qhov yuav muaj peb theem ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tonalities, thaum lwm tus ua raws li lwm qhov system, raws li qhov tsis muaj peb, tab sis plaub ntawm cov qib no. Yog li, peb yuav coj Rimsky-Korsakov txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev neeg ua lub hauv paus, vim nws yooj yim dua, tab sis peb yuav tsis tso tseg txoj kev thib ob thiab yuav sib tham txog cov ncauj lus no sib cais thaum kawg.

Qhov txawv ntawm 3- thiab 4-theem systems ntawm kinship kev sib raug zoo yog hais tias ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm tonalities, uas yog lub thib ob, tsuas yog muab faib ua ob los yog, yog hais tias koj nyiam, absorbs ob, uas ua rau 2nd thiab 3rd degree nyob rau hauv. lub 4-degree system. Cia peb sim ua kom pom qhov tau hais tias:

Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav rau cov tonalities ntawm lub thib ob degree?

Ntawm no peb yuav tsum nrhiav 12 tus yuam sij hauv tag nrho. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov lawv tuaj ntawm no yog tham txog qhov nthuav dav hauv tsab xov xwm "Degrees ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yuam sij," thiab tam sim no peb tsuas yog kawm yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau lawv hauv qhov loj thiab me.

Cov yuam sij ntawm qib thib ob ntawm kinship rau loj

Hauv qhov loj me, tawm ntawm 12 tus yuam sij, 8 yuav tsum yog qhov loj, qhov seem 4 yuav tsum yog me. Yog tsis muaj ado ntxiv, peb yuav xa mus rau cov kauj ruam ntawm tus yuam sij thawj. Tej zaum nws yuav yog qhov tseeb dua los tshawb nrhiav los ntawm kev tsim lub sijhawm los ntawm tonic, tab sis nws yooj yim dua rau kev sib koom ua ke tshiab tonalities rau cov kauj ruam ntawm tus thawj.

Yog li, pib nrog, muaj 4 tus yuam sij me, yog li peb tsuas yog nco qab cov qib: Kuv (me me ntawm tib lub npe), V (me tseem ceeb), VII (cia li nco ntsoov - xya), VIIb (qis xya).

Piv txwv li, rau tus yuam sij ntawm C-dur ( tsab ntawv xaiv tus yuam sij), cov no yuav yog c-moll, g-moll, h-moll thiab b-moll.

Tam sim no muaj 8 tus yuam sij loj thiab lawv tau ua khub, tam sim no koj yuav nkag siab tias lo lus "paired" txhais li cas. Peb khi lawv mus rau cov kauj ruam hauv qab no: II, III, VI thiab VII. Thiab txhua qhov chaw nws yuav zoo li no: qib ntuj thiab qis qis, uas yog, ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov kev kawm (ib qho tsis muaj suab nrov, lwm qhov nrog lub suab nrov).

Piv txwv li, rau tib C loj nws yuav yog: D-dur thiab Des-dur, E-dur thiab Es-dur, A-dur thiab As-dur, H-dur thiab B-dur. Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev, lub ntsiab yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov khawv koob code - 2367 (suav nrog cov lej lej).

Cov yuam sij ntawm qib thib ob ntawm kinship rau cov menyuam yaus

Yog hais tias peb thawj tonality yog me me (piv txwv li, C me), ces rau nws 12 tonalities muaj feem xyuam rau lub thib ob degree yuav muab faib raws li nram no: ntawm qhov tsis tooj, tsuas yog 4 yog loj thiab cov seem 8 yog me.

Lub tonics ntawm cov yuam sij tseem ceeb yuav ua ke nrog cov qib hauv qab no (nco): Kuv (lub npe loj ntawm tib lub npe), II (qhov yooj yim thib ob), IIb (thib ob qis), IV (qhov loj subdominant). Piv txwv li, rau C me cov no yuav yog cov hauv qab no "cov kwv tij": C-dur, D-dur, Des-dur thiab F-dur.

Muaj yim tus yuam sij me me thiab, ua tib zoo saib, txhua yam yog qhov nthuav heev ntawm no: lawv cov tonics nyob hauv tib cov kauj ruam raws li 8 lub tonics loj rau loj: II, III, VI thiab VII hauv ntuj thiab txo daim ntawv. Ntawd yog, ntsig txog C me yog cov tonalities xws li d-moll thiab des-moll (tus yuam sij tsis muaj, tab sis txhua yam yog raws nraim li nws yog), e-moll thiab es-moll, a-moll thiab as-moll, h-moll thiab b-moll.

Nthuav kev soj ntsuam (tuaj yeem hla)

Yog hais tias peb tham nyob rau hauv dav dav txog cov kwv tij txheeb ze rau loj thiab me, ces ib tug xov tooj ntawm nthuav cov ntsiab lus tshwm sim ntawm no:

• tawm ntawm 24 (12 + 12) tonics rau txhua rooj plaub muaj 9 + 9 (18) daim uas phim tonally thiab txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv modal inclination (xws li 8 + 8, uas yog txuam nrog "code 2367" thiab tib 1 + 1. );
• lub suab ntawm tib lub npe yog cov txheeb ze ntawm qib thib ob hauv qhov system no, thiab hauv 4-degree system lawv feem ntau tig los ua "tus kwv tij thib ob";
• Qhov loj tshaj ntawm tonalities ntawm lub thib ob degree ntawm kinship yog txuam nrog lub introductory degrees (ntawm VII - 4 tonalities rau loj, nyob rau II - 4 tonalities rau me), nrog rau cov theem uas diminished triads tau tsim nyob rau hauv thawj tonality nyob rau hauv lub ntuj daim ntawv ntawm nws hom, vim hais tias cov tonics no tsis suav nrog nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov txheeb ze ntawm tus thawj degree (ib yam ntawm cov nyiaj them tshwm sim - multiplication los ntawm ob mus rau ib tug tom ntej degree);
• Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tonalities ntawm lub degree thib ob suav nrog: rau loj - lub tonality ntawm tus me tseem ceeb, thiab rau me - lub tonality ntawm ib tug loj subdominant (thiab peb nco ntsoov txog cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm tonalities ntawm thawj degree - ib tug me subdominant nyob rau hauv ib tug harmonic loj thiab ib tug loj dominant nyob rau hauv ib tug harmonic me?).

Zoo, qhov ntawd yog qhov txaus, nws yog lub sijhawm txav mus thiab txav mus rau tom ntej, qib peb ntawm kev sib raug zoo, uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tonalities nyob deb tshaj plaws (lawv tsis muaj ib qho kev sib tw).

Qib peb ntawm kev sib raug zoo

Ntawm no, tsis zoo li qhov teeb meem ntawm qib dhau los, koj tsis tas yuav tsim tus ntxhw, koj tsis tas yuav tsim lub tshuab xam zauv lossis lub tsheb kauj vab. Txhua yam tau paub ntev, txhua tus siv nws ua tiav. kuv mam qhia koj thiab!

Tag nrho cov tsib key. Ib yam li ntawd, peb yuav xub xav txog cov ntaub ntawv yog tias peb thawj tus yuam sij tseem ceeb, thiab tom qab ntawd rooj plaub yog tias peb tab tom nrhiav cov txheeb ze uas ploj lawm rau tus yuam sij me.

Zoo, los ntawm txoj kev, muaj qee yam sib xws ntawm cov rooj plaub no, muaj cov suab nrov (ob ntawm lawv). Qhov no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yog hais tias lub tonic ntawm ob hais ntau tonalities yog ntawm triton nrug los ntawm tus thawj tonic. Ntxiv mus, peb siv cov tonic ob zaug - rau cov yuam sij loj thiab me.

Yog li, yog tias peb qhov tseem ceeb thawj zaug yog qhov loj (piv txwv li C loj), ces daim ntawv F-sharp nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm tritone los ntawm nws cov tonic. Nrog F-sharp peb ua ob qho loj thiab me. Ntawd yog, ob ntawm tsib tus yuam sij yog Fis-dur thiab fis-moll.

Thiab ces tsuas yog txuj ci tseem ceeb! Los ntawm qhov tshwm sim me me tritone yuam sij nce mus rau hauv lub thib tsib zoo meej. Hauv tag nrho, peb yuav tsum tau ua peb kauj ruam - peb yuav tau txais peb tus yuam sij ntxiv: cis-moll, gis-moll thiab dis-moll.

Yog tias tus yuam sij thawj zaug yog me me (piv txwv li C me), ces peb yuav luag zoo ib yam: peb tsim ib qho tritone, thiab tam sim ntawd tau txais ob tus yuam sij (Fis-dur thiab fis-moll). Thiab tam sim no, mloog, los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tritone (uas yog, los ntawm Fis-dur) nqis peb tsib! Peb tau txais: H-dur, E-dur thiab A-dur.

Rau cov neeg uas ua raws li 4-degree system

Nws tseem yuav xav txog yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau cov tonalities cuam tshuam rau cov neeg uas xav paub qhov txawv plaub degrees tsis yog peb. Kuv mam li hais tam sim ntawd tias qib plaub yog tib yam thib peb yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Tsis muaj teeb meem nrog qhov no.

Tab sis, raws li twb tau hais lawm, qhov thib ob "los ntawm peb" absorbs qhov thib ob thiab thib peb "los ntawm plaub". Thiab qhov thib ob degree suav nrog tsuas yog 4 tonalities, thiab qhov thib peb - ​​8. Rau koj tus kheej, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom 12 tonalities ib zaug, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm 4 tonalities ntawm qib thib ob los ntawm lawv, kom koj tshuav 8 tonalities ntawm peb. degree.

Yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau lub tonality ntawm lub thib ob degree "los ntawm plaub"?

Qhov no yog lub ntsiab feature ntawm Moscow system ntawm tonal kinship. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, txhua yam ntawm no yog cov laj thawj thiab yooj yim. Nws yuav tsim nyog nrhiav ob tug dominants thiab ob subdominants (tsis muaj teeb meem li cas lawv raug hu raug).

Nyob rau hauv loj, peb tab tom nrhiav rau lub tonality ntawm ob dominant (II degree nrog ib tug loj triad rau nws) thiab nws parallel, nrog rau cov tonality ntawm ob subdominant (VII qis nrog ib tug loj triad rau nws) thiab nws parallel. Piv txwv rau C loj yog D-dur||h-moll thiab B-dur||g-moll. Txhua tus!

Hauv me me peb ua tib yam, tsuas yog peb tawm txhua yam uas peb pom me me (uas yog, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob tsis zoo li ntawd - DD, tab sis zoo li dd - ntuj, hais txog cov subdominant - zoo ib yam). Peb ntxiv qhov sib piv rau qhov peb pom thiab tau txais tonalities ntawm qib thib ob ntawm kev sib raug zoo rau C me: d-moll||F-dur thiab b-moll|| Des-dur. Txhua yam ingenious yog yooj yim!