Kev vibration, kev vibration |

VIBRATO, kev vibration (Italian vibrato, Latin vibratio - kev co).

1) Txais kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlua. cov cuab yeej (nrog caj dab); uniform vibration ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm sab laug tes ntawm txoj hlua nias los ntawm nws, ua rau ib ntus. hloov nyob rau hauv me me txwv ntawm suab, ntim thiab timbre ntawm lub suab. V. muab suab tshwj xeeb xim, melodiousness, tsub kom lawv expressiveness, raws li zoo raws li dynamism, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm siab concentration. thaj chaw. Qhov xwm ntawm V. thiab txoj kev ntawm nws txoj kev siv yog txiav txim los ntawm tus neeg. style ntawm kev txhais lus thiab kos duab. tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev vibrations ntawm V. yog approx. 6 ib ob. Nrog ib tug me me ntawm kev vibrations, ib tug swaying los yog trembling ntawm lub suab yog hnov, ua anti-art. kev xav. Lub sij hawm "V." tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, tab sis lutenists thiab gambo players siv cov txheej txheem no thaum ntxov li 16th thiab 17th centuries. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem Cov phau ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm muab kev piav qhia ntawm ob txoj kev ua si V.: nrog ib tug ntiv tes (raws li nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev ua tau zoo) thiab nrog ob, thaum ib tug nias txoj hlua, thiab lwm yam sai thiab yooj yim kov nws. Cov npe qub. thawj txoj kev - Fabkis. verre cassé, english. sting (rau lute), fr. langueur, plinte (rau viola da gamba); qhov thib ob yog Fabkis. battement, pincé, flat-tement, tom qab - flatté, balancement, tremblement, tremblement serré; Lus Askiv kaw kaw; ital. tremolo, kev nyuaj siab; Ntawm nws. lus lub npe ntawm txhua hom V. – Bebung. Txij li thaum poob ntawm solo lute thiab viola da gamba arts. V. daim ntawv thov txuas nrog hl. arr. nrog kev ua si seev cev ntawm tsev neeg violin. Ib tug thawj mention ntawm violinist. V. muaj nyob rau hauv “Universal Harmony” (“Harmonie universele …”, 1636) los ntawm M. Mersenne. Classic tsev kawm ntawv ntawm violin ua si nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. suav hais tias V. tsuas yog ib hom hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab ntaus nqi cov txheej txheem no rau ornamentation. J. Tartini nyob rau hauv nws Treatise on Ornamentation (Trattato delle appogiatura, ca. 1723, ed. 1782) hu V. “tremolo” thiab suav tias yog ib hom hu ua. kev ua si. Nws siv, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj (trill, grace note, thiab lwm yam), tau tso cai nyob rau hauv rooj plaub "thaum lub siab xav tau." Raws li Tartini thiab L. Mozart ("Qhov Kev Paub Ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Violin Solid" - "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule", 1756), B. yog ua tau nyob rau hauv cantilena, nyob ntev, txhawb nqa suab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv "cov suab paj nruag zaum kawg". Nrog mezza suab - imitation ntawm tib neeg lub suab - V., ntawm qhov tsis tooj, "yuav tsum tsis txhob siv." V. sib txawv tsis sib xws qeeb, uniformly ceev thiab maj nrawm, qhia los ntawm kab wavy raws li cov ntawv sau tseg:

Nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm romanticism, V. los ntawm "décor" hloov mus rau hauv ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm suab paj nruag. kev nthuav qhia, dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab violinist. Kev siv violin thoob plaws, pib los ntawm N. Paganini, ib txwm ua raws los ntawm kev txhais cov xim violin los ntawm Romantics. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nrog rau kev tso tawm suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam nyob rau theem ntawm lub loj conc. Hall, V. yog khov kho nrog rau kev xyaum ua si. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias L. Spohr hauv nws "Violin School" ("Violinschule", 1831) tso cai rau koj ua V. ib feem. suab, to-rye nws cim nrog ib tug wavy kab. Nrog rau ntau yam uas tau hais los saum toj no, Spohr kuj tau siv qhov qeeb V.

Kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm kev siv V. yog txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm E. Isai thiab, tshwj xeeb, F. Kreisler. Siv zog rau kev xav. saturation thiab dynamism ntawm qhov kev ua tau zoo, thiab siv V. raws li ib tug txheej txheem ntawm "singing" txheej txheem, Kreisler qhia vibration thaum ua si ceev passages thiab nyob rau hauv lub detach stroke (uas yog txwv tsis pub los ntawm classical tsev kawm ntawv).

Qhov no tau pab txhawb kom kov yeej "etude", qhov qhuav ntawm lub suab ntawm cov nqe lus no. Analysis of violin V. dec. hom thiab nws art. Cov ntawv thov raug muab los ntawm K. Flesh hauv nws txoj haujlwm “The Art of Playing the Violin” (“Die Kunst des Violinspiels”, Bd 1-2, 1923-28).

2) Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm clavichord, uas tau siv dav los ntawm nws. ua yeeb yam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th; nthuav qhia "decoration", zoo ib yam li V. thiab tseem hu ua Bebung.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm ntsug oscillatory txav ntawm tus ntiv tes ntawm tus yuam sij qis, ua tsaug rau qhov tangent tseem nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov hlua, cov nyhuv ntawm qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub suab thiab lub zog suab tau tsim. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem no rau kev txhawb nqa, cuam tshuam lub suab (FE Bach, 1753) thiab, tshwj xeeb, hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus cwj pwm tu siab (DG Türk, 1786). Cov ntawv sau tseg tias:

3) Txais kev ua tau zoo ntawm qee yam twj paj nruag cua; me ntsis qhib thiab kaw ntawm li qub, ua ke nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv lub exhalation, tsim cov nyhuv ntawm V. Nws tau dhau los ua cov neeg ua yeeb yam jazz.

4) Hauv kev hu nkauj - hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev vibration ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj lub suab. Raws li natural wok. V. lus dag tsis sib xws (tsis yog synchrony kiag li) hloov ntawm lub suab cords. Cov "beats" uas tshwm sim vim qhov no ua rau lub suab mus rau lub sij hawm pulsate, "vibrate". Qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj lub suab - nws cov ntoo, qhov sov, thiab kev nthuav qhia - rau qhov loj nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm V.. Qhov xwm ntawm kev hu nkauj V. tsis hloov ntawm lub sijhawm hloov, thiab tsuas yog thaum laus V. qee zaum kis mus rau hauv lub npe hu ua. trembling (swinging) ntawm lub suab, uas ua rau nws suab tsis kaj siab. Kev tshee kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov phem wok. tsev kawm ntawv.

References: Kazansky VS thiab Rzhevsky SN, Kawm txog lub suab ntawm lub suab thiab hneev taw suab paj nruag, "Journal of Applied Physics", 1928, vol. 5, nqe 1; Rabinovich AV, Oscillographic method of melody analysis, M., 1932; Struve BA, Vibration as a performing skill of play bowed instruments, L., 1933; Garbuzov HA, Zone nature of pitch hearing, M.–L., 1948; Agarkov OM, Vibrato raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm suab paj nruas qhia nyob rau hauv kev ua si lub violin, M., 1956; Pars Yu., Vibrato and pitch perception, in: Application of acoustic research method in musicology, M., 1964; Mirsenne M., Harmonie universelle…, v. 1-2, P., 1636, facsimile, v. 1-3, P., 1963; Rau F., Das Vibrato auf der Violine…, Lpz., 1922; Seashore, SE, The vibrato, Iowa, 1932 (University of Iowa. Studies in the psychology of music, v. 1); nws, Psychology ntawm lub vibrato hauv lub suab thiab ntsuas, Iowa, 1936 (tib series, v. 3).

IM Yampolsky