Uzeir Hajibekov (Uzeyir Hajibeyov) |

Uzeyir Hajibeyov

“… Hajibeyov mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Azerbaijani Soviet suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. … Nws tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm Azerbaijani opera kos duab thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej, ua tib zoo npaj kev kawm suab paj nruag. Nws kuj tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev tsim cov suab paj nruag symphonic, "D. Shostakovich sau txog Gadzhibekov.

Gadzhibekov yug hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug neeg ua haujlwm nyob deb nroog. Tsis ntev tom qab yug Uzeyir, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Shusha, lub nroog me me hauv Nagorno-Karabakh. Thaum yau ntawm tus neeg sau yav tom ntej tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm pej xeem cov neeg hu nkauj thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj, los ntawm tus uas nws tau kawm kos duab ntawm mugham. Tus tub hu nkauj pej xeem zoo nkauj, nws lub suab txawm kaw rau ntawm lub suab.

Nyob rau hauv 1899, Gadzhibekov nkag mus rau Gori tus kws qhia ntawv lub seminary. Ntawm no nws tau koom nrog lub ntiaj teb no, feem ntau yog Lavxias teb sab, kab lis kev cai, tau paub txog classical suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv lub seminary, suab paj nruag tau muab ib qho chaw tseem ceeb. Txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum tau kawm ua si violin, tau txais cov txuj ci ntawm kev hu nkauj hu nkauj thiab ua yeeb yam. Kev kaw nws tus kheej ntawm cov nkauj pej xeem tau txhawb nqa. Nyob rau hauv Gadzhibekov lub suab paj nruag phau ntawv, lawv cov naj npawb tau nce los ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos. Tom qab ntawd, thaum ua haujlwm ntawm nws thawj opera, nws tau siv ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1904, Gadzhibekov raug xa mus rau lub zos Hadrut thiab ua hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb rau ib xyoo. Ib xyoos tom qab, nws tsiv mus rau Baku, qhov chaw nws txuas ntxiv nws cov haujlwm qhia, tib lub sijhawm nws nyiam sau xov xwm. Nws cov ntsiab lus feuilletons thiab cov khoom tshwm sim hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm. Ob peb lub sij hawm leisure yog mob siab rau kev kawm suab paj nruag. Cov kev vam meej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas Gadzhibekov muaj lub tswv yim txaus ntshai - los tsim cov haujlwm ua haujlwm uas yuav ua raws li kev kos duab ntawm mugham. Lub Ib Hlis 25, 1908 yog hnub yug ntawm thawj lub tebchaws ua yeeb yam. Lub ntsiab lus rau nws yog Fizuli zaj paj huam "Leyli thiab Majnun". Tus kws sau ntawv hluas tau siv ntau qhov ntawm mughams hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, sib npaug passionate enthusiasts ntawm nws haiv neeg art, Gadzhibekov staged ib tug opera nyob rau hauv Baku. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau nkauj tau hais tias: “Lub sijhawm ntawd, kuv, tus kws sau nkauj ua yeeb yam, tsuas yog paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm solfeggio, tab sis tsis muaj lub tswv yim txog kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib cav, cov suab paj nruag ... Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev vam meej ntawm Leyli thiab Majnun yog qhov zoo. Nws tau piav qhia, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Azerbaijani twb tau cia siab tias lawv tus kheej Azerbaijani opera yuav tshwm sim ntawm theem, thiab "Leyli thiab Majnun" ua ke cov suab paj nruag tiag tiag thiab cov suab paj nruag nrov.

Txoj kev vam meej ntawm "Leyli thiab Majnun" txhawb Uzeyir Hajibeyov kom ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm. Tshaj li 5 xyoos tom ntej no, nws tau tsim 3 lub suab paj nruag comedy: "Tus txiv thiab tus poj niam" (1909), "Yog tsis yog tus no, ces tus no" (1910), "Arshin Mal Alan" (1913) thiab 4 mugham operas: "Sheikh Senan” (1909), “Rustam and Zohrab” (1910), “Shah Abbas and Khurshidbanu” (1912), “Asli and Kerem” (1912). Twb tau ua tus sau ntau yam haujlwm nrov ntawm cov neeg, Gadzhibekov nrhiav kom ntxiv nws lub hnab ntim khoom tshaj lij: xyoo 1910-12. nws kawm cov chav kawm ntiag tug ntawm Moscow Philharmonic Society, thiab hauv 1914 ntawm St. Petersburg Conservatory. Lub Kaum Hli 25, 1913, lub premiere ntawm lub suab paj nruag comedy "Arshin Mal Alan" tau tshwm sim. Gadzhibekov ua qhov no ob qho tib si ua ib tug playwright thiab raws li ib tug composer. Nws tsim ib qho kev nthuav qhia theem ua haujlwm, ci ntsa iab nrog kev txawj ntse thiab tag nrho ntawm kev zoo siab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws txoj hauj lwm tsis yog devoid ntawm kev sib raug zoo poignancy, nws yog tag nrho ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov kev lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws, degrading tib neeg lub meej mom. Nyob rau hauv "Arshin Mal Alan" tus composer tshwm raws li ib tug paub tab tus tswv: lub thematic yog raws li modal thiab rhiab nta ntawm Azerbaijani pej xeem suab paj nruag, tab sis tsis yog ib lub suab paj nruag yog borrowed lus. "Arshin Mal Alan" yog qhov tseeb masterpiece. Lub operetta mus thoob ntiaj teb nrog kev vam meej. Nws tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow, Paris, New York, London, Cairo thiab lwm yam.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov ua tiav nws qhov kawg theem ua haujlwm - opera "Kor-ogly" nyob rau hauv 1937. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub opera twb staged nyob rau hauv Baku, nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm lub nto moo Bul-Bul nyob rau hauv lub title. Tom qab lub yeej premiere, tus composer sau: "Kuv teem kuv tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tsim ib tug opera uas yog lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, siv cov achievements ntawm niaj hnub suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai ... Kyor-ogly yog ashug, thiab nws yog hu los ntawm ashugs, yog li cov style ntawm ashugs yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev ua yeeb yam ... Hauv "Ker-ogly" muaj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm opera - arias, duets, ensembles, recitatives, tab sis tag nrho cov no yog tsim los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag folklore. ntawm Azerbaijan yog tsim. Zoo yog qhov kev koom tes ntawm Uzeyir Gadzhibekov rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tsim ntau yam hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam hom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nws yog tus pib ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem tshiab - romance-gazelle; xws li "Sensiz" ("Tsis muaj koj") thiab "Sevgili janan" ("Ntxhais"). Nws cov nkauj hu ua "Hu", "Muam kev hlub tshua" tau muaj koob meej thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj.

Uzeyir Hajibeyov tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug composer, tab sis kuj yog ib tug loj tshaj plaws suab paj nruas thiab pej xeem daim duab nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan. Xyoo 1931, nws tsim thawj lub suab paj nruag ntawm pej xeem cov cuab yeej, thiab 5 xyoos tom qab, thawj pab pawg Azerbaijani choral. Weigh Gadzhibekov qhov kev pab cuam rau kev tsim cov neeg ua haujlwm suab paj nruag hauv tebchaws. Xyoo 1922 nws tau tsim thawj lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag Azerbaijani. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau mus rau lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, thiab tom qab ntawd los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Baku Conservatory. Hajibeyov tau sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub teb chaws suab paj nruag folklore nyob rau hauv ib tug loj theoretical txoj kev tshawb no "Fundamentals ntawm Azerbaijani Folk Music" (1945). Lub npe ntawm U. Gadzhibekov nyob ib ncig ntawm Azerbaijan los ntawm lub teb chaws kev hlub thiab kev hwm. Nyob rau hauv 1959, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub composer, nyob rau hauv Shusha, nws lub tsev-Tsev Tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib, thiab nyob rau hauv 1975, qhib lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Gadzhibekov coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Baku.

N. Alekperova