Sergei Artemyevich Balasanian |

Sergey Teb

Cov suab paj nruag ntawm tus kws sau nkauj no yeej ib txwm yog thawj, txawv txawv, tsim thiab, mloog nws, koj poob rau hauv qhov ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab tshiab. A. Khachaturyan

Creativity S. Balasanyan sib sib zog nqus thoob ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Muaj cov hauv paus hniav muaj zog hauv Armenian kab lis kev cai, nws tau kawm thiab keeb kwm embodied hauv nws tej hauj lwm cov lus dab neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Balasanyan yug hauv Ashgabat. Nyob rau hauv 1935 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub xov tooj cua department ntawm keeb kwm thiab theoretical kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory, qhov twg A. Alschwang yog nws tus thawj coj. Balasanyan kawm txog kev sib xyaw ua ke rau ib xyoos hauv kev cob qhia muaj tswv yim tsim los ntawm kev pib ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntawm no nws tus kws qhia yog D. Kabalevsky. Txij li thaum xyoo 1936, Balasanyan lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim tau txuas nrog Dushanbe, qhov chaw nws los ntawm nws tus kheej txoj kev npaj los npaj rau xyoo tom ntej ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab ntawm Tajikistan hauv Moscow. Lub hauv paus rau kev ua hauj lwm yog fertile: lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug kws suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai twb nyuam qhuav raug nteg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab Balasanyan koom tes nyob rau hauv nws kev tsim kho raws li ib tug composer, pej xeem thiab suab paj nruas daim duab, folklorist thiab xib fwb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau qhia cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag yuav ua li cas nyeem cov suab paj nruag, txhawb rau lawv thiab hauv lawv cov neeg mloog tus cwj pwm ntawm polyphony thiab tempered tuning. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws kawm txog haiv neeg dab neeg thiab classical maqoms txhawm rau siv lawv hauv nws txoj haujlwm.

Xyoo 1937, Balasanyan tau sau zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Vose" (ua si los ntawm A. Dehoti, M. Tursunzade, G. Abdullo). Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam, The Rising of Vose (1939), uas tau los ua thawj tus neeg ua yeeb yam Tajik. Nws cov phiaj xwm yog ua raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tawm tsam cov thawj coj hauv zos hauv 1883-85. nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm lub legendary Vose. Nyob rau hauv 1941, lub opera The Blacksmith Kova tau tshwm sim (libre los ntawm A. Lakhuti raws li Shahnameh Firdowsi). Tus Tajik composer-melodist Sh. Bobokalonov tau koom nrog hauv nws cov creation, nws cov suab paj nruag, nrog rau cov pej xeem thiab cov suab paj nruag classic, tau suav nrog hauv opera. "Kuv xav siv cov nplua nuj meter-rhythmic possibilities ntawm Tajik folklore dav dua ... Ntawm no kuv sim nrhiav ib tug dav operatic style ..." Balasanyan sau. Nyob rau hauv 1941, lub operas The Rebellion of Vose thiab The Blacksmith Kova tau ua nyob rau hauv Moscow thaum lub xyoo caum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab ntawm Tajikistan. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, Balasanyan, uas tau los ua thawj tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv ntawm Tajikistan, txuas ntxiv nws tus kws sau nkauj thiab kev sib raug zoo. Xyoo 1942-43. Nws yog tus thawj coj kos duab ntawm lub tsev opera hauv Dushanbe. Hauv kev koom tes nrog Tajik composer Z. Shahidi Balasanyan tsim lub suab paj nruag comedy "Rosia" (1942), nrog rau cov yeeb yam suab paj nruag "Song of Anger" (1942) - tej hauj lwm uas tau los ua teb rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv 1943 lub composer tsiv mus rau Moscow. Nws ua hauj lwm ua lwm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm All-Union Radio Committee (1949-54), ces (thaum thawj sporadically, thiab txij li thaum 1955 mus tas li) qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory. Tab sis nws kev sib txuas nrog Tajik suab paj nruag tsis cuam tshuam. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Balasanyan tau sau nws tus naas ej ballet "Leyli thiab Majnun" (1947) thiab opera "Bakhtior thiab Nisso" (1954) (raws li phau ntawv tshiab los ntawm P. Luknitsky "Nisso") - thawj Tajik opera raws li ib zaj dab neeg. nyob ze rau lub sijhawm niaj hnub no (cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Pamir lub zos ntawm Siatang tau maj mam paub txog kev tuaj txog ntawm lub neej tshiab).

Nyob rau hauv lub ballet "Leyli thiab Majnun" Balasanyan tig mus rau Indian version ntawm lub npe nrov oriental lus dab neeg, raws li Leyli yog ib tug pov thawj nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev (lib. S. Penina). Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob version ntawm lub ballet (1956), qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim yog pauv mus rau lub ancient xeev ntawm Sogdiana, nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm niaj hnub Tajikistan. Hauv tsab ntawv no, tus kws sau ntawv siv cov ntsiab lus pej xeem, siv Tajik teb chaws kev lis kev cai (tulip festival). Lub suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm tus ballet yog nyob ntawm leitmotifs. Cov cim tseem ceeb kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lawv - Leyli thiab Majnun, uas ib txwm siv zog rau ib leeg, uas nws cov rooj sib tham ( tshwm sim hauv kev muaj tiag lossis kev xav) - duet adagios - yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Lawv tau tawm nrog lawv cov lus sau, kev xav txog kev xav, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau tus cwj pwm - seev cev ntawm cov ntxhais thiab cov txiv neej seev cev. Nyob rau hauv 1964, Balasanyan ua tus thib peb tsab ntawm lub ballet, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau staged nyob rau theem ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre ntawm lub USSR thiab lub Kremlin Palace ntawm Congresses (qhov tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm N. Bessmertnova thiab V. Vasiliev).

Xyoo 1956 Balasanyan tig mus rau Afghan suab paj nruag. Qhov no yog "Afghan Suite" rau orchestra, uas embodies lub caij ntawm kev seev cev hauv nws ntau yam kev tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd muaj "Afghan Pictures" (1959) - lub voj voog ntawm tsib yam me me hauv siab.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Balasanyan txoj kev muaj tswv yim yog txuas nrog Armenian kab lis kev cai. Thawj qhov kev thov rau nws yog romances ntawm nqe vaj lug kub ntawm V. Terian (1944) thiab classic ntawm lub teb chaws paj huam A. Isahakyan (1955). Cov kev muaj tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws yog cov suab paj nruag - "Armenian Rhapsody" ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ci ntsa iab (1944) thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Seven Armenian Songs (1955), uas tus kws sau ntawv txhais tau tias "ib hom ntawv-scenes-duab". Lub orchestral style ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog exquisitely impressionistic, tshwm sim los ntawm cov duab ntawm lub neej txhua hnub thiab xwm nyob rau hauv Armenia. Hauv Xya Armenian Nkauj, Balasanyan siv suab paj nruag los ntawm Komitas 'Ethnographic Collection. "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov suab paj nruag no yog kev txawj ntse hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov pej xeem thawj qhov chaw," sau sau Y. Butsko, tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Balasanyan. Ntau xyoo tom qab, Komitas sau tau txhawb nqa Balasanyan rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb - npaj nws rau piano. Qhov no yog li cas Cov Nkauj ntawm Armenia (1969) tshwm sim - 100 yam me me, ua ke rau hauv 6 phau ntawv sau. Tus composer nruj me ntsis raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov suab paj nruag sau los ntawm Komitas, tsis hloov ib lub suab hauv lawv. Cuaj zaj nkauj ntawm Komitas rau mezzo-soprano thiab baritone nrog orchestra (1956), Yim daim rau txoj hlua orchestra ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Komitas (1971), Rau lub suab nkauj thiab piano (1970) kuj txuas nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Komitas. Lwm lub npe nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Armenian kab lis kev cai nyiam cov xim ntawm Balasanyan - ashug Sayat-Nova. Ua ntej, nws sau suab paj nruag rau xov tooj cua "Sayat-Nova" (1956) raws li cov paj huam los ntawm G. Saryan, ces nws ua Peb adaptations ntawm Sayat-Nova zaj nkauj rau lub suab thiab piano (1957). Qhov thib ob Symphony rau String Orchestra (1974) kuj yog txuam nrog Armenian suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ancient Armenian monodic tunes yog siv. Lwm nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Balasanyan txoj haujlwm yog txuas nrog kab lis kev cai ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Indonesia. Nws sau suab paj nruag rau xov tooj cua ua yeeb yam Lub Tsob Ntoo Dej (1955) thiab Paj Liab (1956) raws li cov dab neeg los ntawm Krishnan Chandra; mus rau kev ua si los ntawm N. Guseva "Ramayana" (1960), staged ntawm Central Children's Theatre; Tsib romances ntawm nqe lus los ntawm Indian kws sau paj lug Suryakant Tripathi Nirano (1965), "Islands of Indonesia" (1960, 6 kab txawv toj roob hauv pes-ib hom duab), npaj plaub zaj nkauj Indonesian menyuam yaus los ntawm Reni Putirai Kaya rau lub suab thiab piano (1961). Nyob rau hauv 1962-63 tus composer tsim lub ballet "Shakuntala" (raws li ua yeeb yam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Kalidasa). Balasanyan kawm lus dab neeg thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Is Nrias teb. Txog rau qhov kawg no, xyoo 1961 nws tau mus ncig rau lub tebchaws no. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub orchestral Rhapsody ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm Rabindranath Tagore, raws li cov nkauj Tagore tiag, thiab Rau Zaj Nkauj ntawm Rabindranath Tagore rau lub suab thiab suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim. "Sergey Artemyevich Balasanyan muaj kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb nrog Tagore," hais tias nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv N. Korndorf, "Tagor yog" nws "tus kws sau ntawv, thiab qhov no tau qhia tsis yog hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv no, tab sis kuj muaj qee yam kev sib raug zoo ntawm sab ntsuj plig. cov kws ua yeeb yam. "

Lub geography ntawm Balasanyan qhov kev nyiam muaj tswv yim tsis txwv rau cov haujlwm uas tau teev tseg. Tus kws sau ntawv kuj tau tig mus rau cov lus dab neeg ntawm Africa (Four Folk Songs of Africa rau lub suab thiab piano - 1961), Latin America (Ob zaj nkauj ntawm Latin America rau lub suab thiab piano - 1961), sau tau qhib siab rau 5 ballads Kuv Lub Tebchaws rau baritone nrog piano. rau nqe lus ntawm Cameroonian kws sau paj huam Elolonge Epanya Yondo (1962). Los ntawm lub voj voog no muaj txoj hauv kev mus rau Symphony rau kev hu nkauj ib lub cappella rau nqe lus ntawm E. Mezhelaitis thiab K. Kuliev (1968), 3 qhov chaw ("Lub Tswb ntawm Buchenwald", "Lullaby", "Icariad") yog koom siab los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm philosophical xav txog txoj hmoo ntawm tib neeg thiab tib neeg.

Ntawm Balasanyan cov ntawv sau tshiab kawg yog cov lus tshaj tawm Sonata rau cello solo (1976), cov suab paj nruag suab paj nruag "Amethyst" (ntawm nqe lus los ntawm E. Mezhelaitis raws li Tagore lub siab nyiam - 1977). (Hauv xyoo 1971, Balasanyan thiab Mezhelaitis tau mus ua ke rau Is Nrias teb.) Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Amethyst, 2 lub ntiaj teb zoo li kev sib koom ua ke - lub tswv yim ntawm Tagore thiab paj huam ntawm Mezhelaitis.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Armenian motifs tau rov tshwm sim hauv Balasanyan txoj haujlwm - ib lub voj voog ntawm plaub zaj dab neeg luv luv rau ob lub pianos "Tag nrho Armenia" (1978), lub suab voj voog "Nyob zoo rau koj, kev xyiv fab" (ntawm G. Emin, 1979), "Los ntawm medieval Armenian paj huam “(ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb N. Kuchak, 1981). Tseem tshuav ib tug tub ncaj ncees ntawm nws lub tebchaws, tus kws sau nkauj tau txais nws txoj haujlwm ntau yam suab paj nruag los ntawm ntau haiv neeg, ua piv txwv ntawm kev ntseeg thoob ntiaj teb tiag tiag hauv kev kos duab.

N. Aleksenko