Alexander Afanasevich Spendiarov |

Alexander Spendiarov

AA Spendiarov yeej ib txwm nyob ze thiab nyob zoo rau kuv raws li ib tug txawj ntse thawj composer thiab raws li ib tug tshuab raj nrog ib tug impeccable, dav ntau yam txheej txheem. … Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm AA ib tug tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​qhov tshiab ntawm kev tshoov siab, cov tshuaj tsw qab ntawm cov xim, lub siab dawb paug thiab elegance ntawm kev xav thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj. A. Glazunov

A. Spendiarov mus rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug classic ntawm Armenian suab paj nruag, uas nteg lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws symphony thiab tsim ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub teb chaws operas. Nws kuj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv Armenian ntawm cov neeg sau. Muaj organically siv cov kev lig kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab epic symphonism (A. Borodin, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Lyadov) nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, nws nthuav lub ideological, piv txwv li, thematic, ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Armenian suab paj nruag, enriched nws cov lus qhia.

Spendiarov hais tias, "Ntawm cov suab paj nruag cuam tshuam thaum kuv tseem hluas thiab hluas," Spendiarov hais tias, "qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws yog kuv niam lub piano ua si, uas kuv nyiam mloog thiab ua rau kuv xav tsis thoob thaum kuv nyiam suab paj nruag." Txawm hais tias thaum ntxov muaj tswv yim muaj peev xwm, nws pib kawm suab paj nruag kuj lig - thaum muaj cuaj xyoo. Kev kawm ntaus piano sai sai tau muab txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm violin. Thawj qhov kev sim muaj tswv yim ntawm Spendiarov yog nyob rau xyoo ntawm kev kawm hauv Simferopol gymnasium: nws sim ua las voos, taug kev, romances.

Nyob rau hauv 1880, Spendiarov nkag mus rau Moscow University, kawm nyob rau hauv lub kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txuas ntxiv mus kawm lub violin, ua si nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm orchestra. Los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub suab paj nruag, N. Klenovsky, Spendiarov siv cov lus qhia hauv kev xav, muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv (1896) nws mus rau St. Petersburg thiab plaub xyoos masters chav kawm nrog N. Rimsky-Korsakov.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev kawm, Spendiarov tau sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub suab thiab instrumental daim, uas tam sim ntawd tau txais ntau nrov. Ntawm lawv yog cov romances "Oriental Melody" ("Rau Rose") thiab "Oriental Lullaby Song", "Concert Overture" (1900). Lub sijhawm xyoo no, Spendiarov ntsib A. Glazunov, A. Lyadov, N. Tigranyan. Kev paub txhim kho mus rau hauv kev phooj ywg zoo, khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm lub neej. Txij li thaum 1900, Spendiarov feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub Crimea (Yalta, Feodosia, Sudak). Ntawm no nws sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev coj noj coj ua: M. Gorky, A. Chekhov, L. Tolstoy, I. Bunin, F. Chaliapin, S. Rakhmaninov. Spendiarov cov qhua yog A. Glazunov, F. Blumenfeld, opera singers E. Zbrueva thiab E. Mravina.

Nyob rau hauv 1902, thaum nyob rau hauv Yalta, Gorky qhia Spendiarov rau nws zaj paj huam "Tus Neeg nuv ntses thiab tus Fairy" thiab muab nws raws li ib tug zajlus. Tsis ntev los no, raws li nws lub hauv paus, ib qho ntawm cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws tau tsim - lub suab paj nruag rau ntses bass thaj tsam thiab orchestra, ua los ntawm Chaliapin lub caij ntuj sov xyoo ntawd ntawm ib qho ntawm cov suab paj nruag yav tsaus ntuj. Spendiarov tig mus rau Gorky txoj hauj lwm dua nyob rau hauv 1910, nws tsim lub suab paj nruag "Edelweiss" raws li cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm kev ua si "Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Cov Neeg Nyob Hauv", yog li qhia nws txoj kev xav txog kev nom kev tswv. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, nws kuj yog yam ntxwv hais tias nyob rau hauv 1905 Spendiarov luam tawm ib tsab ntawv qhib nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam tawm tsam N. Rimsky-Korsakov los ntawm professors ntawm lub St. Petersburg Conservatory. Lub cim xeeb ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv uas hlub tshua tau mob siab rau "Ntiaj Teb Prelude" (1908).

Nyob rau hauv lub pib ntawm C. Cui, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1903, Spendiarov ua nws debut nyob rau hauv Yalta, ua tiav thawj series ntawm Crimean Sketches. Ua ib tug neeg txhais lus zoo ntawm nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv, nws tom qab ntawd rov ua tus thawj coj hauv nroog Russia thiab Transcaucasus, hauv Moscow thiab St.

Txaus siab rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Crimea, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Armenians thiab Crimean Tatars, yog embodied los ntawm Spendiarov nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm suab thiab symphonic tej hauj lwm. Cov suab nkauj tiag tiag ntawm Crimean Tatars tau siv nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab repertoire tej hauj lwm ntawm tus composer nyob rau hauv ob series ntawm "Crimean Sketches" rau orchestra (1903, 1912). Raws li cov ntawv tshiab los ntawm X. Abovyan "Qhov Mob ntawm Armenia", thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, zaj nkauj hu ua "Muaj, nyob ntawd, ntawm thaj chaw hwm" tau tsim. Daim npog rau cov ntawv luam tawm tau tsim los ntawm M. Saryan, uas yog lub sijhawm rau tus kheej paub txog ob tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Armenian kab lis kev cai. Lawv tau pub nyiaj los ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm no rau pawg neeg pab cuam rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv Turkey. Spendiarov embodied lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg Armenian (genocide) nyob rau hauv lub heroic-patriotic aria rau baritone thiab orchestra "Rau Armenia" rau nqe lus ntawm I. Ionisyan. Cov hauj lwm no muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Spendiarov thiab ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim lub heroic-patriotic opera "Almast" raws li zaj paj huam "Lub Capture ntawm Tmkabert" los ntawm O. Tumanyan, uas qhia txog kev ywj pheej tawm tsam. ntawm cov neeg Armenian nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XNUMX. tawm tsam Persian conquerors. M. Saryan pab Spendiarov nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb rau ib tug libretto, qhia tus composer nyob rau hauv Tbilisi rau tus kws sau paj lug O. Tumanyan. Tsab ntawv tau sau ua ke, thiab libretto tau sau los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam S. Parnok.

Ua ntej pib sau cov opera, Spendiarov pib sau cov khoom: nws sau Armenian thiab Persian pej xeem thiab ashug suab paj nruag, tau paub nrog ntau yam qauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag oriental. Kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau pib tom qab thiab ua tiav tom qab Spendiarov tsiv mus rau Yerevan xyoo 1924 ntawm kev caw los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet Armenia.

Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm Spendiarov lub tswv yim kev ua si yog txuam nrog kev koom tes hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv Crimea (nyob rau hauv Sudak) nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub department ntawm pej xeem kev kawm ntawv thiab qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug suab paj nruag studio, directs amateur choirs thiab orchestras, txheej txheem Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj. Nws cov kev ua ub no tau rov pib ua tus thawj coj ntawm tus sau kev hais kwv txhiaj tau teeb tsa hauv nroog Crimea, hauv Moscow thiab Leningrad. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj nyob rau hauv lub Great Hall ntawm lub Leningrad Philharmonic thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5, 1923, nrog rau cov symphonic duab "Peb Palm Trees", lub thib ob series ntawm "Crimean Sketches" thiab "Lullaby", thawj suite los ntawm lub opera "Yuav luag. ” tau ua thawj zaug, uas ua rau cov lus teb zoo los ntawm cov neeg thuam.

Kev txav mus rau Armenia (Yerevan) muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev coj ua ntxiv ntawm Spendiarov txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim. Nws qhia nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, koom nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm thawj symphony orchestra nyob rau hauv Armenia, thiab tseem ua raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib. Nrog tib lub siab nyiam, tus kws sau ntawv sau thiab kawm txog Armenian pej xeem suab paj nruag, thiab tshwm hauv luam.

Spendiarov tau coj ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm uas tom qab los ua tus kws sau ntawv Soviet nto moo. Cov no yog N. Chemberdzhi, L. Khodja-Einatov, S. Balasanyan thiab lwm tus. Nws yog ib tus thawj coj uas txaus siab thiab txhawb nqa cov txuj ci ntawm A. Khachaturian. Spendiarov's fruitful pedagogical thiab suab paj nruag thiab kev ua ub no tsis tiv thaiv kev vam meej ntxiv ntawm nws composer txoj hauj lwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no uas nws tau tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws, nrog rau ib tug piv txwv zoo ntawm lub teb chaws symphony "Erivan Etudes" (1925) thiab opera "Almast" (1928). Spendiarov yog tag nrho ntawm cov tswv yim npaj: lub tswv yim ntawm lub symphony "Sevan", lub symphony-cantata "Armenia", nyob rau hauv uas tus composer xav xav txog lub keeb kwm txoj hmoo ntawm nws haiv neeg, matured. Tab sis cov phiaj xwm no tsis tau ua tiav. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1928, Spendiarov tau mob khaub thuas, mob ntsws, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 7 nws tuag. Cov tshauv ntawm tus sau tau faus nyob rau hauv lub vaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Yerevan Opera tsev muaj npe tom qab nws.

Creativity Spendiarov inherent craving rau lub embodiment ntawm lub teb chaws yam ntxwv hom paintings ntawm xwm, pej xeem lub neej. Nws suab paj nruag captivates nrog lub siab xav ntawm lub teeb lyricism. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev xav ntawm kev tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo, kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ywj pheej tom ntej thiab kev zoo siab ntawm nws cov neeg mob siab ntev permeate ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo kawg li tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Nrog nws txoj haujlwm, Spendiarov tau tsa Armenian suab paj nruag mus rau qib siab tshaj ntawm kev tshaj lij, ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm Armenian-Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag, txhawb nqa lub teb chaws suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai nrog kev paub zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics.

D. Arutyunov