Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |
Gaspare Spontini
Spontinini. "Vestal". "O nume tutelar" (Maria Callas)
Gaspare Spontini yug hauv Maiolati, Ancona. Nws kawm ntawm Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory hauv Naples. Ntawm nws cov kws qhia ntawv yog N. Piccinni. Nyob rau hauv 1796, lub premiere ntawm lub composer thawj opera, Caprices ntawm ib tug poj niam, coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Rome. Tom qab ntawd, Spontini tsim txog 20 operas. Nws nyob hauv nws lub neej feem ntau hauv Fabkis (1803-1820 thiab tom qab 1842) thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees (1820-1842).
Thaum lub sijhawm Fabkis (lub ntsiab lus) ntawm nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm, nws tau sau nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb: operas Vestalka (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) thiab Olympia (1819). Tus kws sau ntawv tus qauv yog qhov txawv ntawm pomposity, pathos thiab nplai, uas zoo ib yam nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm Napoleonic Fabkis, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo (nws yog tus Empress lub tsev hais plaub rau qee lub sijhawm). Spontini txoj haujlwm yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Gluck cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm xyoo pua 18th mus rau "loj" Fabkis txoj kev ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 19th (hauv tus neeg ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj Aubert, Meyerbeer). Spontini cov kos duab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Wagner, Berlioz thiab lwm tus kws kos duab loj ntawm xyoo pua 19th.
Nyob rau hauv Vestal, nws txoj hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws, tus kws sau ntawv muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev nthuav qhia zoo tsis yog hauv cov neeg coob coob uas muaj kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lub siab nyiam lyrical scenes. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tiav hauv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Julia (lossis Julia). Lub yeeb koob ntawm "Vestal" sai sai hla ciam teb ntawm Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv 1811 nws tau ua nyob rau hauv Berlin. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, lub premiere tau muaj nyob rau hauv Naples nyob rau hauv Italian nrog zoo kawg thiab kev vam meej (starring Isabella Colbran). Nyob rau hauv 1814, Lavxias teb sab premiere coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb, Elizaveta Sandunova). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, Rosa Pocelle (1925, Metropolitan), Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) thiab lwm tus tau tshwm sim hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm Julia. Yulia's arias los ntawm kev ua thib 2 yog cov masterpieces ntawm opera classics "Tu che invoco" thiab "O Nume tutelar" (Italian version).
Nyob rau hauv 1820-1842 Spontini nyob rau hauv Berlin, qhov chaw nws yog lub tsev hais plaub composer thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub Royal Opera. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub composer txoj hauj lwm tsis kam. Nws tsis tswj hwm los tsim ib yam dab tsi sib npaug rau nws txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Fabkis lub sijhawm.
E. Tsodokov
Gaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona – 24 I 1851, ibid) – Italian composer. Tus tswv cuab ntawm Prussian (1833) thiab Parisian (1839) academies of arts. Los ntawm peasants. Nws tau txais nws qhov kev kawm suab paj nruag thawj zaug hauv Jesi, kawm nrog cov kws kho mob J. Menghini thiab V. Chuffalotti. Nws kawm ntawm Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory hauv Naples nrog N. Sala thiab J. Tritto; Tom qab ntawd, rau qee lub sijhawm, nws tau kawm los ntawm N. Piccinni.
Nws ua nws debut nyob rau hauv 1796 nrog lub comic opera Lub Caprices ntawm ib tug poj niam (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theatre, Rome). Tsim ntau lub operas (buffa thiab seria) rau Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice. Ua thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Neapolitan lub tsev hais plaub, xyoo 1798-99 nws nyob hauv Palermo. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub staging ntawm nws operas, nws kuj mus xyuas lwm lub zos nyob rau hauv ltalis.
Xyoo 1803-20 nws nyob hauv Paris. Los ntawm 1805 nws yog "lub tsev composer ntawm lub Empress", los ntawm 1810 tus thawj coj ntawm lub "Theatre ntawm lub Empress", tom qab - lub tsev hais plaub composer ntawm Louis XVIII (tau txais lub Order of the Legion of Honour). Hauv Paris, nws tau tsim thiab ua ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam, suav nrog Lub Vestal Virgin (1805; Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Xyoo Xyoo Award, 1810), uas lawv pom cov lus qhia txog lub teb chaws Ottoman style qauv ntawm theem opera. Zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj-heroic, tag nrho ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, Spontini's operas sib raug rau tus ntsuj plig ntawm Fab Kis teb chaws Ottoman. Los ntawm 1820 nws yog tsev hais plaub composer thiab tus thawj coj suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Berlin, qhov chaw uas nws staged ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshiab operas.
Xyoo 1842, vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog pej xeem opera (Spontini tsis nkag siab txog lub teb chaws tshiab hauv German opera, sawv cev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm KM Weber), Spontini tau tawm mus rau Paris. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws. Spontini cov ntawv sau, tsim tom qab nws nyob hauv Paris, ua tim khawv rau qee qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm nws txoj kev xav: nws rov ua nws tus kheej, tsis pom cov ntsiab lus qub. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub opera "Bestalka", uas paving txoj kev rau lub Fabkis grand opera ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, muaj keeb kwm muaj nqis. Spontini tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm J. Meyerbeer.
Cov khoom xyaw:
Ua yeeb yam (txog 20 cov qhab nia tau khaws cia), suav nrog. Pom zoo los ntawm Theseus (1898, Florence), Julia, los yog Paj lauj kaub (1805, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1807, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, los yog Conquest ntawm Mexico (1809 , ibid; 2nd ed. 1817), Olympia (1819, Court Opera House, Berlin; 2nd ed. 1821, ibid.), Alcidor (1825, ibid.), Agnes von Hohenstaufen (1829, ibid.); cantatas, mas thiab ntau
TH Solovieva
