Evgeny Fyodorovich Stankovych |
Yevhen Stankovych
Nyob rau hauv lub galaxy ntawm Ukrainian composers ntawm lub 70s. E. Stankovich yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj. Nws originality lus dag, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv loj-scale lub tswv yim, lub tswv yim, kev pab them nqi ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub neej, lawv cov suab paj nruas embodiment, thiab thaum kawg nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem txoj hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo sib xws upholding ntawm lub tswv yim, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev tawm tsam (tsis yog piv txwv - tiag tiag! ) nrog cov tub ceev xwm suab paj nruag.
Stankevich yog hu ua "cov dab neeg tshiab nthwv dej". Qhov no tej zaum tsis muaj tseeb kiag li, vim nws tsis suav hais tias cov lus dab neeg yog ib qho kev qhia txog qhov no lossis cov duab ntawd. Rau nws nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm lub neej, ib tug tseem ceeb cwj pwm. Yog li kev siv dav dav ntawm pej xeem cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab, refracted los ntawm lub prism ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub zeem muag nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws complexity, versatility, thiab inconsistency.
Stankovich yug nyob rau hauv me me Transcarpathian lub zos ntawm Svalyava. Lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag tsev kawm ntawv, kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm lub Soviet Army. Tom qab demobilization, nws dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kyiv Conservatory (1965). Rau 3 xyoo ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm B. Lyatoshinsky, Stankovich tswj kom imbue nws lub siab ncaj ncees lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: yuav tsum ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ua yeeb yam. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, Stankovich tsiv mus rau lub chav kawm ntawm M. Skorik, uas muab ib tug zoo heev lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm professionalism.
Txhua yam hauv suab paj nruag yog raug rau Stankovich. Nws muaj txhua yam niaj hnub ntawm kev sau cov txheej txheem. Dodecaphony, aleatoric, sonorous teebmeem, collage yog organically siv los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis tam sim no lawv ua lub hom phiaj txaus rau tus kheej.
Txij li thaum nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo, Stankovich tau sau ntau thiab ntau yam, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub symphonic thiab suab paj nruas-theatrical ib hom ntawv nyeem: Sinfonietta, 5 symphonies, ballets Olga thiab Prometheus, pej xeem opera thaum lub sij hawm. Fern Blooms - cov no thiab lwm yam hauj lwm yog cim los ntawm thawj, peculiar nta.
Thawj symphony ("Sinfonia larga") rau 15 txoj hlua twj paj nruag (1973) yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm ib lub voj voog ib zaug hauv lub sijhawm qeeb. Cov no yog qhov sib sib zog nqus philosophical thiab lyrical reflections, qhov twg Stankovich lub txiaj ntsim raws li ib tug polyphonist tau pom meej meej.
Nyob rau hauv lub galaxy ntawm Ukrainian composers ntawm lub 70s. E. Stankovich yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj. Nws originality lus dag, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv loj-scale lub tswv yim, lub tswv yim, kev pab them nqi ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm lub neej, lawv cov suab paj nruas embodiment, thiab thaum kawg nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem txoj hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo sib xws upholding ntawm lub tswv yim, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev tawm tsam (tsis yog piv txwv - tiag tiag! ) nrog cov tub ceev xwm suab paj nruag.
Stankevich yog hu ua "cov dab neeg tshiab nthwv dej". Qhov no tej zaum tsis muaj tseeb kiag li, vim nws tsis suav hais tias cov lus dab neeg yog ib qho kev qhia txog qhov no lossis cov duab ntawd. Rau nws nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm lub neej, ib tug tseem ceeb cwj pwm. Yog li kev siv dav dav ntawm pej xeem cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab, refracted los ntawm lub prism ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub zeem muag nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws complexity, versatility, thiab inconsistency.
Stankovich yug nyob rau hauv me me Transcarpathian lub zos ntawm Svalyava. Lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag tsev kawm ntawv, kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm lub Soviet Army. Tom qab demobilization, nws dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kyiv Conservatory (1965). Rau 3 xyoo ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm B. Lyatoshinsky, Stankovich tswj kom imbue nws lub siab ncaj ncees lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: yuav tsum ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ua yeeb yam. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, Stankovich tsiv mus rau lub chav kawm ntawm M. Skorik, uas muab ib tug zoo heev lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm professionalism.
Txhua yam hauv suab paj nruag yog raug rau Stankovich. Nws muaj txhua yam niaj hnub ntawm kev sau cov txheej txheem. Dodecaphony, aleatoric, sonorous teebmeem, collage yog organically siv los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, tab sis tam sim no lawv ua lub hom phiaj txaus rau tus kheej.
Txij li thaum nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo, Stankovich tau sau ntau thiab ntau yam, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub symphonic thiab suab paj nruas-theatrical ib hom ntawv nyeem: Sinfonietta, 5 symphonies, ballets Olga thiab Prometheus, pej xeem opera thaum lub sij hawm. Fern Blooms - cov no thiab lwm yam hauj lwm yog cim los ntawm thawj, peculiar nta.
Thawj symphony ("Sinfonia larga") rau 15 txoj hlua twj paj nruag (1973) yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm ib lub voj voog ib zaug hauv lub sijhawm qeeb. Cov no yog qhov sib sib zog nqus philosophical thiab lyrical reflections, qhov twg Stankovich lub txiaj ntsim raws li ib tug polyphonist tau pom meej meej.
Sib txawv kiag li, cov duab tsis sib haum xeeb permeate Thib Ob ("Heroic") Symphony (1975), overshadowed, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm lub composer, los ntawm "fiery sign" ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.
Xyoo 1976, Third Symphony ("Kuv Pom Zoo") tshwm sim - ib qho epic-philosophical loj-teev rau ib feem symphonic canvas, uas yog hu nkauj tau qhia. Ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dluab, compositional kev daws teeb meem, nplua nuj suab paj nruag dramaturgy txawv qhov ua hauj lwm, culminating nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm Stankovich txoj hauj lwm. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov thib peb yog Plaub Symphony, tsim ib xyoos tom qab ntawd ("Sinfonia lirisa"), tus kws kos duab cov lus hais txog kev hwm. Thaum kawg, qhov kawg, Thib tsib ("Pastoral Symphony") yog kev lees txim ntawm poetic lyrical, kev xav txog qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg hauv nws (1980). Yog li luv luv motifs-chants thiab ncaj qha pej xeem cov cim, tsis tshua muaj rau Stankovich.
Nrog rau cov tswv yim loj, Stankevich feem ntau tig mus rau cov lus teev lus. Miniatures, tsim los rau ib pawg me me ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, pab tus kws sau nkauj kom nthuav tawm lub siab xav hloov pauv sai, ua haujlwm tawm cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv, teeb pom kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov ces kaum sib txawv thiab, ua tsaug rau cov txuj ci tiag tiag, tsim cov kev sib xyaw zoo tshaj plaws, tej zaum hais txog kev sib raug zoo tshaj plaws. (Cov theem ntawm kev ua tiav kuj tseem muaj pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias xyoo 1985 UNESCO Music Commission hu ua Stankovic's Thib Chamber Symphony (1982) ntawm 10 qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.)
Stankovich kuj nyiam los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm lub sijhawm los kov keeb kwm. Cov pej xeem-opera Thaum Fern Blooms (1979) yog qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj kev xav. Qhov no yog ib tug series ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem-tsev thiab ritual scenes npaj rau kev hais kwv txhiaj ua yeeb yam los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no-nto moo State Ukrainian Folk Choir. G. hlua. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv lus dab neeg tseeb thiab tus sau cov suab paj nruag: ib hom suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam tau yug los - tsis muaj ib qho los ntawm zaj dab neeg, ze rau suite.
Lwm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv tau pom nyob rau hauv ballets Olga (1982) thiab Prometheus (1985). Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm, ntau cov duab thiab zaj dab neeg pub rau hauv av rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov suab paj nruag grandiose. Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm tus neeg dhia tes "Olga" ntau yam storylines ua rau ntau lub tswv yim: ntawm no muaj heroic-dramatic scenes, kev sib tw hlub scenes, thiab pej xeem ritual scenes. Qhov no yog, kab tias, feem ntau cov kev ywj pheej muaj pes tsawg leeg los ntawm Stankovich, vim hais tias, zoo li tsis muaj lwm qhov, lub suab paj nruag pib yog dav siv ntawm no.
Lwm yam hauv Prometheus. Tsis zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig-txiav zajlus ntawm "Olga", muaj 2 lub dav hlau ntawm no: tiag tiag thiab cim. Tus kws sau nkauj tau ua txoj haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws: los ua lub ntsiab lus ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Socialist Revolution los ntawm cov suab paj nruag.
Nws tau pab kom tsis txhob banality, straightforwardness, thiab clichés tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm romantic txhais lus ntawm lub cim dluab (Prometheus, nws tus ntxhais Iskra), tab sis, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm ib tug txawv tshaj plaw kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntsiab lus, ib tug niaj hnub hom lus tsis pub rau cov kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj. hom ntawv. Cov suab paj nruag daws tau dhau los ua qhov tob dua li cov kab sab nrauv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze rau tus kws sau ntawv yog cov duab ntawm Prometheus, uas coj qhov zoo rau noob neej thiab raug kev txom nyem mus ib txhis rau txoj cai no. Cov zajlus ntawm lub ballet kuj muaj txiaj ntsig nyob rau hauv uas nws ua tau kom thawb ob lub ntiaj teb polar ua ke. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, muaj kev sib cav sib ceg heev tshwm sim, nrog kev muaj zog ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov nkauj, sarcasm thiab kev txom nyem tiag tiag.
"Txhim kho qhov "tib neeg hauv ib tus neeg", ua rau nws lub ntiaj teb kev xav, nws lub siab tau yooj yim teb rau "cov cim hu" ntawm lwm tus neeg. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom tes, kev nkag siab yuav tsis tsuas yog tso cai rau koj pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis yuav twv yuav raug hu rau cov neeg mloog ntawm cov teeb meem niaj hnub no. Cov lus no los ntawm Stankovych qhia meej txog nws txoj haujlwm pej xeem thiab nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm kev sib raug zoo (tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Union of Composers ntawm USSR thiab thawj tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Union of Composers ntawm Ukrainian SSR, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Supreme Soviet ntawm Ukrainian SSR , tib neeg tus thawj coj ntawm USSR), lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo.
S. Filstein
