Suab paj nruag |
Cov tsiaj ntawv suab paj nruag - ancient Lavxias teb sab theoretical. nyiaj pab (lub npe "niam ntawv" pib siv rau lawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th). Qhov ntxov tshaj ntawm lawv rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th. Lawv tau suav nrog hauv phau ntawv hu nkauj, tuav 2-3 nplooj ntawv hauv quarto. Thawj A.m. raug txwv rau cov npe hu nkauj - banners (saib. Znamenny chant). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, nyob rau hauv ib co phau ntawv, "kev txhais lus ntawm banner" tau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv, muaj ib tug piav qhia ntawm "yuav ua li cas nws yog hu" thiab faib "raws li lub suab" (saib Osmoglasie). Fits kuj tau muab rau hauv A. m., piv txwv li melodic. cov qauv sau nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb, "tso kaw" ua ke ntawm cov cim ntawm Znamenny sau. Fits tau txais kev ua suab nrov, pab txhim kho suab paj nruag nco, ua pa, thiab kev txawj ntse hauv kev ua si thoob plaws cantilena thiab lus. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm fits tau nce (los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th twb muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas ntawm lawv), nws ua ntau thiab nyuaj rau nco ntsoov lawv. Muaj ib qho kev xav tau nyiaj tshwj xeeb - lub npe hu ua. fitniks; lawv tau muab cov ntawv sau uas haum nrog lawv cov npe, thiab cov lus tau muab, uas lawv tau siv feem ntau hauv kev xyaum hu nkauj. Tom qab ntawd, "splits" pib nkag mus rau hauv fitniks, piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tib yam haum hauv cov lus sib txuas ib txwm. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov phau ntawv theoretical tshwm sim ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Znamenny chant - "kokizniki" (los ntawm kokiza - lub npe qub Lavxias teb sab rau chants). Kokiza raug faib raws li lub suab. Ib sab ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm kokiza thiab nws lub npe, ib lo lus lossis kab lus los ntawm Ph.D. qhov nrov tshaj plaws chants nyob rau hauv uas nws yog siv.
Feem ntau ua tiav thiab systematic theoretical. Ib qho kev qhia rau Znamenny hu nkauj yog Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes, uas tau muab tso ua ke hauv 1668 los ntawm ib pab pawg kws tshaj lij coj los ntawm tus kws kawm Alexander Mezenets. Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, thawj zaug, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qhab nia, piv txwv li, cov npe ntxiv uas qhia meej txog kev xav. nuv sau system.
Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum lub tsib-kab cim tau los rau hauv kev siv, lwm hom theoretical notation tau tsim. nyiaj pub dawb - ob daim ntawv tshaj tawm, nyob rau hauv uas, nyob rau hauv parallel nrog tus nuv cim ntawm kokiz thiab haum, lawv txhais lus rau hauv ib tug notolinear system yog muab (saib Ob banner). Nyob rau hauv lub 90s, tus hauj sam Tikhon Makaryevsky tau muab tso ua ke "Key" los nyeem tsab ntawv nuv, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug hooks, chants thiab haum yog deciphered siv tsib-linear notation.
Hu nkauj chanting ntawm hom qub tseem muaj nyob rau thaum ntxov li xyoo pua 18th, thiab tau siv los ntawm Cov Neeg Ntseeg qub tom qab, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb, txij li kev txhim kho ntawm znamenny chant nws tus kheej tau tso tseg thaum tig ntawm 17th thiab 18th. ib puas xyoo.
Cov ntawv sau ntawm A.m. raug khaws cia hauv lub xeev. archives thiab ua ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw rau kev kawm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai.
References: Lub ABC ntawm Znamenny Hu Nkauj (Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom Txog Kev Sib Koom Tes) los ntawm Txwj Laug Alexander Mezenets. Luam tawm nrog kev piav qhia thiab sau ntawv los ntawm St. Smolensky, Kazan, 1888; Uspensky N., Laus Lavxias teb sab hu nkauj art, M., 1965, 1971; Brazhnikov MV, qub Lavxias teb sab txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag, L., 1972.
ND Uspensky
