Ashug |

hluav taws turk tsab ntawv hlub - hauv kev hlub

Cov neeg kws tshaj lij kws sau paj huam thiab hu nkauj ntawm Azerbaijanis, Armenians thiab cov neeg nyob sib ze ntawm USSR thiab txawv teb chaws. Cov khaub ncaws ntawm A. yog hluavtaws. Nws tsim suab paj nruag, paj huam, epic. Legends (dastans), hu nkauj, nrog nws tus kheej ntawm saz (Azerbaijan), tar lossis kemancha (Armenia). Hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm A. kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. kev thov (kev qhia ntsej muag, gestures, thiab lwm yam). Qee tus A. tsuas yog ua yeeb yam xwb. Cov thawj ntawm A. hauv Azerbaijan yog ozans (lwm lub npe - Shuara, Dede, Yangshag, thiab lwm yam); hauv Armenia - gusans (mtrup-gusans, tagerku).

Cov ntaub ntawv ntxov tshaj plaws txog A. muaj nyob hauv caj npab. historians Movses Khorenatsi, Pavstos Buzand, Yeghishe thiab lwm tus, hauv Azerbaijan. Cov lus dab neeg "Kitabi-Dede Korkud" (10-11 centuries).

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. yog cov nkauj. Prerevolutionary ashug zaj nkauj denounced sab tsaus ntuj ntawm kev sib cav. lub neej, hu nkauj heroic. tawm tsam tyranny, instilled nyob rau hauv cov neeg hlub rau lub motherland. Tom qab tsim lub Soviet lub hwj chim ntawm A. zaj nkauj yog sau nrog cov ntsiab lus tshiab cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv loj hauv zej zog. txoj kev ntawm lub neej, nrog lub socialist. kev tsim kho.

Ashug suab paj nruag feem ntau yog qhov nqaim thiab nthuav tawm hauv cov npe siab. Melodich. txav tau yooj yim; me me jumps (ib peb, plaub) yog ua raws li lawv cov filling. Kev rov ua dua qub, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nkauj thiab tag nrho cov kev tsim kho, metro-rhythm. kev nplua nuj. Qee lub sij hawm melodies raug kos npe rau lub sijhawm meej, piv txwv li:

Qee lub sij hawm lawv txawv hauv recitative-improvisation. kev ywj pheej. Paub tias ca. 80 classic melodies uas ua rau lub repertoire mus tas li ntawm A. Lawv cov npe yog txiav txim los ntawm poetic. Cov ntaub ntawv ("gerayly", "sofas", "mukhammes", thiab lwm yam), thaj chaw uas lawv muaj ntau tshaj plaws ("Goyche gulu"), dastans, uas lawv suav nrog ("Keremi", "Ker-ogly") thiab lwm yam. . Cov tunes, thaum tuav lawv lub ntsiab. intonation pas nrig, tas li enriched melodically thiab rhythmically. Ntau yam nkauj raug ua rau tib lub suab. cov ntawv poetic. Ashug nkauj yog couplet. Instr ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv lawv. interludes. Nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm A. muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm harmonica. polyphony - quarto-fifth, terts-quarte, thiab lwm yam consonances (hauv saz).

Major Azerbaijani. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los yog Gurbani, Abbas Tufarganly (16th caug xyoo), Dilgam, Valekh, Shikeste Shirin (18th caug xyoo), thiab Alesker (19th caug xyoo). A. ntawm peb lub sijhawm - Asad Rzayev, Mirza Bayramov, Islam Yusifov, Avak, Gara Movlayev, Talyb Mammadov, Shamshir Gojayev, Akper Jafarov, Adalet (virtuoso performer on saz); I. Yusifov tau tsim ib qho kev hu nkauj ntawm ashugs los ntawm 25-30 tus neeg hu nkauj thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam balaman.

Lub caj npab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. A. ntawm yav dhau los - Sayat-Nova, Jivani, Sheram, Nagash Ovnatan, Shirin, Miskin Burji, niaj hnub A. - Grigor, Huseyn, Seron, Avasi, Ashot thiab lwm yam.

Stylistic nta ntawm suab paj nruag A. pom kev siv nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm Op. prof. composers, piv txwv li. Nyob rau hauv lub operas "Yuav luag" los ntawm Spendiarov, "Shakhsenem" los ntawm Gliere, "Kor-oglu" los ntawm Gadzhibekov, "Veten" los ntawm Karaev thiab Gadzhiev, nyob rau hauv lub suite "Azerbaijan" los ntawm Amirov, nyob rau hauv lub thib peb Symphony los ntawm Karaev.

References: Paj huam ntawm Armenia txij thaum ub los txog rau niaj hnub nim no, ed. thiab nrog nkag. sau ntawv thiab sau ntawv. V. Yaj. Bryusova. Moscow, 1916. Torjyan X., Armenian pej xeem singers-ashugs, “SM”, 1937, No 7; Krivonosov V., Ashugs of Azerbaijan, “SM”, 1938, No 4; Anthology ntawm Azerbaijani paj huam, M., 1939; Anthology ntawm Armenian paj huam, M., 1940; Eldarova E., Qee cov lus nug ntawm ashug art, hauv sau: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. Ib, Baku, 1949; Nws, Qee cov lus nug ntawm kev tsim suab paj nruag ntawm ashugs, hauv kev sau: Azerbaijan suab paj nruag, M., 1961; Nws tus kheej, Art of the Ashugs of Azerbaijan (keeb kwm sau ntawv), hauv phau ntawv: The Art of Azerbaijan, vol. VIII, Baku, 1962 (hauv Azeri); Nws tus kheej, Suab paj nruag thiab paj huam phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Azerbaijani ashugs, hauv sau: Art of Azerbaijan, vol. XII, Baku, 1968; Seyidov M., Sayat-Nova, Baki, 1954; Kushnarev XS, Cov lus nug ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev xav ntawm Armenian monodic music, L., 1958; Belyaev V., Essays ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub USSR, vol. 2 Ib., 1963.

E. Abasova