Zaj Lus Qhia 2

Suab paj nruag txoj kev xav yog ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj suab paj nruag sau. Koj twb tau pom qhov no thaum koj kawm cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov ntsuas hauv thawj zaj lus qhia. Koj twb paub lawm tias cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas tau muab tib lub npe raws li cov ntawv sau, thiab koj nkag siab tias kauj ruam nqes yog dab tsi, piv txwv li sau ntawv.

Qhov no txaus los pib kawm suab paj nruag sau los ntawm kos. Yog tias cov ntawv sau suab paj nruag paub rau koj, tseem tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv qhia kom paub tseeb tias koj tsis nco dab tsi thaum koj kawm cov suab paj nruag ua ntej.

Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom yav tom ntej koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tus kheej ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm lub stave, thiab taug qab hauv tabs thiab chords yog tias koj tuaj hla chord kaw ntawm lub suab paj nruag lossis tablature.

Nco ntsoov tias feem ntau cov chaw suab paj nruag niaj hnub no feem ntau muab rau cov guitar raws nraim chords lossis tablature (tabs) rau ib zaj nkauj, tsis yog cov lus sau rau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm suab paj nruag. Rau cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag novice, koj yuav tsum tau qhia meej tias chords thiab tabs yog tib cov ntawv, tsuas yog sau rau hauv ib daim ntawv sib txawv, piv txwv li hauv ntau hom suab paj nruag, yog li kev kawm cov ntawv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Feem ntau, cia peb pib!

Leej twg tsim cov ntawv sau

Cia peb pib nrog me ntsis keeb kwm digression. Nws ntseeg tau tias thawj tus neeg uas tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ntawm u11buXNUMXbdesignating lub suab nrog cov cim yog Florentine hauj sam thiab composer Guido d'Arezzo. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX. Guido tau qhia lub tsev teev ntuj hu nkauj ntau lub tsev teev ntuj hu nkauj, thiab txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pawg hu nkauj, nws tau los nrog cov kab ke ntawm cov cim qhia lub suab ntawm lub suab.

Cov no yog cov squares nyob rau ntawm plaub kab sib luag. Qhov siab dua lub suab yuav tsum tau ua, qhov siab dua qhov square nyob. Tsuas muaj 6 lo lus nyob rau hauv nws lub cim, thiab lawv tau txais lawv cov npe los ntawm thawj lub suab ntawm cov kab ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam hu nkauj John the Baptist: Ut, Resonare, Mira, Famuli, Solve, Labii. Nws yooj yim pom tias 5 ntawm lawv - "re", "mi", "fa", "sol", "la" - tseem siv niaj hnub no. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov nkauj rau lub suab paj nruag tau sau los ntawm Guido d'Arezzo nws tus kheej.

Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv "si" tau ntxiv rau kab suab paj nruag, kab thib tsib, treble thiab bass clefs, kev sib tsoo, uas peb yuav kawm hnub no, tau ntxiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm suab paj nruag. Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum tsab ntawv sau tau yug los, nws yog ib txwm ua kom pib qhov ntsuas nrog daim ntawv "la", uas tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Latin A. Raws li, daim ntawv "si" tom qab nws tau txais tsab ntawv thib ob ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv B.

Kev nkag siab niaj hnub ntawm cov nplai thiab nws cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thiab lub suab, sib xws hauv qhov siab mus rau B-flat, tau ntev los txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab paj nruag, piv txwv li tsis muaj qis lossis siab. Niaj hnub no, cov ntawv sau npe hauv daim ntawv C, D, E, F, G, A, B yog feem ntau lees txais. Txawm hais tias lub npe ntawm daim ntawv "si" hauv daim ntawv ntawm H kuj tuaj yeem pom. Peb twb tau pib thiab yuav txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev sau ntawv ntawm lub stave, saws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntawm suab paj nruag.

Mood tsis nyob ntawm tsis yog stane

Koj twb paub lawm tias daim ntawv yog lub suab paj nruag. Cov ntawv sib txawv hauv suab, thiab txhua daim ntawv muaj nws tus kheej lub npe. Koj kuj tau nkag siab tias lub stave yog 5 kab sib txuas uas cov ntawv nyob. Txhua daim ntawv muaj nws qhov chaw. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov koj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntawv los ntawm saib cov ntawv sau hauv lub stave. Tam sim no cia peb muab cov kev paub no thiab saib seb lub stave zoo li cas nrog cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv feem ntau txoj kev (tsis txhob saib cov icons ntawm sab laug tsis tau):

tuav (aka cov neeg ua haujlwm) - cov no yog tib 5 kab sib txuas uas koj pom hauv daim duab. Cov voj voog ntawm cov ntawv yog cov cim rau cov ntawv sau. Ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sab saum toj koj pom cov ntawv sau rau 1st octave, nyob rau hauv qab - cov ntawv sau rau me me octave.

Qhov pib ntawm ob qhov xwm txheej yog daim ntawv "rau" ntawm 1st octave, thiab muaj ib tus kav ntxiv rau nws. Qhov txawv yog tias cov neeg ua haujlwm sab saum toj, cov ntawv sau los ntawm qab mus rau saum, yog li daim ntawv "C" ntawm 1st octave yog nyob rau hauv qab. Ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qis, cov ntawv sau los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, yog li C daim ntawv ntawm 1st octave nyob rau saum.

Txawm li cas los xij, peb nco ntsoov tias cov suab paj nruag npog ntau qhov loj dua qhov me me thiab thawj octaves. Yog li ntawd, kom tau txais ib daim duab tiav ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lub stave, koj yuav tsum kawm daim duab qhia ntxaws ntxiv nco ntsoov tso chaw:

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm koj tau pom tias txawm nyob rau hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim duab peb tsis pom tag nrho cov octaves. Txhawm rau pom qhov kev npaj kom raug ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv sau, peb rov xav tau cov thawj coj ntxiv. Saib seb nws zoo li cas Ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm counteroctave:

Thiab tam sim no koj npaj txhij mus kawm qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv ntawm lub stave. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, cia peb koom tes nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm suab paj nruag nrog lub piano keyboard, uas koj twb muaj sijhawm los xav txog thaum koj mus dhau tshooj lus 1. Daim ntawv ceeb toom qhov twg thawj C daim ntawv ntawm 1st octave yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm saum toj thiab hauv qab. kab. Peb cim nws hauv liab:

Rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas pom daim duab no thawj zaug, cov lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas nco nws?! sau ntawv yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo nrog rau thawj daim ntawv "rau".

Qhov kev tawm dag zog "Lezginka" yuav pab kom nco tau yooj yim dua. Kuj ceeb tias, nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog suab paj nruag, tab sis yog npaj los tsim kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug hemispheres ntawm lub hlwb hauv cov menyuam yaus [A. Sirotyuk, 2015]. Xav txog tias lub nrig lossis xib teg nrog ntiv tes clenched yog lub voj voog los qhia ib daim ntawv, thiab ib txhais tes ncaj nraim uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm ntug ntawm xib teg yog extension kav note bearer:

Yog li koj nco ntsoov tias tus kav ntxiv txiav lub voj voog ib nrab, denoting cov ntawv "rau":

Ntxiv mus nws yuav yooj yim dua. Daim ntawv "D" tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li lub nrig nyob saum tus txhuam tawm. Daim ntawv ceeb toom tom ntej "mi" yuav raug txiav ib nrab los ntawm ib qho elongated txhuam, tab sis tus txhuam yuav tsis piav txog ib kab ntxiv lawm, tab sis qis dua ntawm tsib kab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Rau daim ntawv "F" peb tsa lub nrig saum toj kab, thiab txiav daim ntawv "G" nrog ib tug elongated txhuam, uas tam sim no qhia txog kab thib ob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qab. Kuv xav tias koj nkag siab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv sau. Ib yam li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem sau cov ntawv sau uas nqes mus rau "rau" ntawm 1st octave.

Yog tias koj xav kawm tshwj xeeb mnemonics uas yuav pab koj nco qab cov ntaub ntawv, sau npe rau peb cov chav kawm Mnemotechnics, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv (ntau tshaj li ib hlis) koj yuav nkag siab tias koj tsis muaj teeb meem nco. Tsuas muaj cov txheej txheem nco tau zoo dua li cov uas koj tau siv ua ntej.

Yog li, nrog kev npaj ntawm cov ntawv sau rau ntawm stave, peb xav tias, feem ntau, txhua yam yog qhov tseeb. Cov neeg mob siab tshaj plaws tau pom tias nrog kev npaj ntawm cov ntawv sib tham saum toj no, cov chaw rau cov ntse ntse thiab flats, piv txwv li tsa thiab txo cov ntawv, tsis nyob twj ywm. Thiab rau qhov no peb xav tau kev sib tsoo hauv cov ntawv sau tseg.

Hloov Pauv Hloov

Thaum kawg ntawm zaj lus qhia yav dhau los, koj twb tau kawm qhov ntse (♯) thiab tiaj tus (♭) cov cim. Koj twb to taub tias yog ib daim ntawv nce los ntawm ib tug semitone, ib tug ntse kos npe rau ntxiv rau nws, yog hais tias nws ntog los ntawm ib tug semitone, ib tug ca kos npe rau ntxiv. Yog li, daim ntawv sau G yuav raug sau ua G♯, thiab daim ntawv qis G yog G♭. Nthuav thiab tiaj tus yog hu ua cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv, piv txwv li kev hloov pauv. Lo lus los ntawm Latin alterare lig, uas txhais tau tias "hloov."

Qhov nce ntawm 2 semitones yog qhia los ntawm ob, piv txwv li ob-ntse, qhov txo qis ntawm 2 semitones yog qhia los ntawm ob, piv txwv li ob lub tiaj. Rau ob-ntse yog ib lub cim tshwj xeeb uas zoo li tus ntoo khaub lig, tab sis, vim nws nyuaj rau khaws nws ntawm cov keyboard, cov ntawv sau ♯♯ lossis tsuas yog ob phaus cim ## tuaj yeem siv. Txhawm rau xaiv ob lub tiaj tus, lawv sau 2 lub cim ♭♭ lossis cov ntawv Latin bb.

Txhawm rau qhia qhov nce lossis poob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm suab paj nruag, lub ntsej muag ntse lossis lub tiaj tiaj yog nyob rau tam sim ntawd ua ntej daim ntawv, lossis, yog tias ib lossis lwm daim ntawv yuav tsum tau txo qis lossis nce thoob plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm, thaum pib ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm. Rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj kev hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv tau muab thoob plaws hauv tag nrho cov haujlwm, cov cim ntawm cov ntse thiab flats raug muab tej qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj:

Cia peb qhia meej rau cov lus sau hauv daim duab uas cov kab lus "hauv treble clef" txhais tau hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm sau ntawv ntawm 1-5 octaves, thiab cov lus "hauv cov ntses bass thaj tsam" - cov neeg ua haujlwm rau tag nrho lwm cov octaves los ntawm me me mus rau subcontroctave. Ib me ntsis tom qab peb yuav tham txog lub treble thiab bass clef nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Txog tam sim no, cia peb tham txog yuav ua li cas nco ntsoov qhov chaw ntawm cov ntse ntse thiab flats ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, qhov no tsis yooj yim yog tias koj tau tswj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov cim uas sawv cev rau cov ntawv sau. Yog li, daim ntawv qhia ntse yog nyob rau ntawm tib kab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm raws li daim ntawv uas yuav tsum tau tsa. Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub treble clef, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov twg cov ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm "A" ntawm 1st octave mus rau "G" ntawm lub thib ob octave, thiab koj yuav yooj yim to taub. qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm sharps:

Raws nraim tib yam qauv yog pom nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm cov flats. Lawv kuj tseem nyob ntawm cov kab tib yam li cov ntawv uas lawv xa mus. Cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv qhov ntau yog siv ntawm no los qhia. Los ntawm "fa" ntawm 1st octave mus rau "mi" ntawm 2nd octave:

Nrog sharps thiab flats nyob rau hauv lub bass clef, kiag li cov qauv siv. Rau kev taw qhia hauv sharps, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv los ntawm "ntsev" ntawm me me octave mus rau "la" ntawm ib tug loj octave:

Rau kev taw qhia hauv flats, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhov chaw ntawm cov ntawv los ntawm "mi" ntawm me me octave mus rau "fa" ntawm ib tug loj octave:

Raws li koj tau pom lawm, rau kev npaj ntawm sharps thiab flats thaum pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob ze ntawm lub clef - treble los yog ntses bass thaj tsam - tsuas yog cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog siv. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog hu ua qhov tseem ceeb.

Cov xwm txheej uas xa mus rau ib daim ntawv tsuas yog hu ua random lossis counter, ua hauv ib qho kev ntsuas thiab nyob tam sim ua ntej daim ntawv no.

Thiab tam sim no cia peb xam seb yuav ua li cas yog tias koj xav tau tshem tawm cov ntse lossis lub tiaj tus, teem rau thaum pib ntawm lub stave. Xws li qhov xav tau yuav tshwm sim thaum hloov kho, piv txwv li thaum hloov mus rau lwm lub suab. Qhov no yog ib tug fashionable txheej txheem feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv pop suab paj nruag, thaum kawg chorus los yog nqe thiab chorus yog ua si 1-2 semitones siab tshaj cov nqe lus yav dhau los thiab refrains.

Rau qhov no, muaj lwm yam cim: bekar. Nws txoj haujlwm yog tshem tawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sharps thiab flats. Bekars kuj tau muab faib ua random thiab tseem ceeb.

Backer muaj nuj nqi:

Txhawm rau kom pom tseeb, saib qhov twg nws nyob random backer ntawm lub stave:

Tam sim no saib qhov twg key pabthiab koj yuav nkag siab qhov txawv tam sim ntawd:

Cia peb qhia meej tias cov ntawv sau rau ntawm stave yog siv rau guitar thiab piano, thiab lwm yam twj paj nruag, tab sis cov tabs uas koj pom hauv daim duab dhau los hauv qab stave yog siv rau guitar.

Guitar tabs muaj 6 kab raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlua guitar. Cov kab saum toj kawg nkaus qhia txog txoj hlua thinnest, uas yuav yog hauv qab yog tias koj khaws lub guitar. Cov kab hauv qab txhais tau tias cov hlua guitar tuab tshaj plaws, uas yog txoj hlua sab saum toj thaum koj tuav lub guitar hauv koj txhais tes. Cov lej qhia txog qhov kev ntxhov siab los nias txoj hlua uas tus lej sau.

Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov duab ntawm ib tug random backer, peb pom tias thaum xub thawj nws yog tsim nyog los ua si "c-sharp", uas yog raws nraim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob fret ntawm 2nd hlua. Tom qab lub bekar, piv txwv li tshem tawm cov ntse, koj yuav tsum ua si ib daim ntawv huv si "rau", uas yog nyob rau thawj fret ntawm 2nd hlua. Zaj lus qhia zaum kawg ntawm peb cov chav kawm yuav mob siab rau kev ua si ntau yam twj paj nruag, suav nrog guitar, thiab peb yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas kom yooj yim nco qhov chaw sau ntawv ntawm lub guitar fretboard.

Cia peb sau thiab nqa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv daim duab hauv qab no:

Yog tias koj twb paub yuav ua li cas ntaus suab paj nruag, thiab tam sim no koj txiav txim siab los txhim kho koj txoj kev xav, peb xav kom nyeem nqe lus 11 "Cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv" hauv Varfolomey Vakhromeev phau ntawv "Elementary Theory of Music", uas muaj cov piv txwv ntawm kev ntsuas suab paj nruag [ V. Vakhromeev, 1961]. Peb tab tom mus ua kom tiav cov lus cog tseg ua ntej thiab yuav qhia koj tias cov yuam sij cuam tshuam li cas rau lub stave.

Cov yuam sij rau ntawm lub txee

Yav dhau los peb tau siv cov kab lus "hauv treble clef" thiab "hauv cov ntses bass thaj tsam". Cia peb qhia koj tias peb txhais li cas. Qhov tseeb yog tias qee lub suab tau raug muab tso rau txhua kab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Raws li qhov tseeb tias muaj ntau lub suab paj nruag hauv ntiaj teb uas tsim ntau lub suab, qee qhov "cov ntsiab lus siv" ntawm lub suab xav tau, thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm tau muab rau cov yuam sij.

Tus yuam sij tau sau tawm kom cov kab uas lub countdown pib hla nws ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, tus yuam sij muab rau daim ntawv sau rau ntawm kab no lub suab meej, txheeb ze rau lub suab thiab cov npe ntawm lwm lub suab raug suav. Muaj ntau hom yuam sij.

Keys - lis:

Cia peb cia peb ua piv txwv:

Nco ntsoov tias ib zaug muaj ntau dua "Ua ntej" yuam sij. Tus yuam sij "Ua" ntawm 1 kab yog hu ua soprano, nyob rau 2nd - mezzo-soprano, nyob rau 5th - baritone, thiab lawv tau siv rau cov suab nrov raws li cov lus qhia. Feem ntau, cov clefs sib txawv hauv cov ntawv yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob ua cov neeg ua haujlwm ntxiv cov kab ntau dhau thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntawv sau. Los ntawm txoj kev, kom yooj yim nyeem cov suab paj nruag, ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntxiv notations yog siv, uas peb yuav tham txog tam sim no.

Lub sijhawm sau ntawv

Thaum nyob rau hauv zaj lus qhia thib 1 peb kawm txog lub cev lub cev ntawm lub suab, peb tau kawm tias rau lub suab paj nruag, nws lub sijhawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Saib ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag yuav tsum nkag siab tsis tsuas yog cov ntawv sau ua si xwb, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau suab ntev npaum li cas.

Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev taw qhia, nco ntsoov lub voj voog tuaj yeem yog lub teeb lossis tsaus nti (khoov lossis tsaus), muaj "tails", "sticks", "lines" thiab lwm yam. Saib ntawm cov nuances no, nws yog qhov tseeb tam sim ntawd seb qhov no yog daim ntawv tag nrho lossis ib nrab daim ntawv, lossis lwm yam. Nws tseem xav paub seb "tag nrho", "ib nrab", thiab lwm yam txhais tau li cas.

Yuav xam lub sijhawm li cas:

Nws yog qhov tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem suav ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm, yog li cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb siv los sib sau ua ke suav: metronome. Nyob ntawd, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub suab yog kom meej meej calibrated thiab lub cuab yeej, raws li nws yog, suav es tsis txhob ntawm koj. Tam sim no muaj ntau cov kev pab cuam nrog lub metronome muaj nuj nqi, ob qho tib si ywj siab thiab muaj qhov kev xaiv no ua ib feem ntawm lwm daim ntawv thov mobile rau cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag.

Hauv Google Play, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau, piv txwv li, qhov kev pab cuam Soundbrenner metronome, lossis koj tuaj yeem rub tawm Guitar Tuna guitar tuning program, qhov twg hauv ntu "Tools" yuav muaj "Chord Library" thiab "Metronome" (tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab mus tso cai rau daim ntawv thov nkag mus rau lub microphone). Tom ntej no, cia peb txheeb xyuas seb lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntawv sau tau qhia li cas.

Duration (notations):

Nws zoo nkaus li tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog qhov tseeb, tab sis kom pom tseeb, peb muab rau koj daim duab hauv qab no:

Yog tias 8th, 16th, 32nd sau ntawv mus ua ke, nws yog ib txwm ua kom sib xyaw ua ke thiab tsis txhob "dazzling" nrog ntau tus "tails" lossis "chij". Rau qhov no, lub npe hu ua "rib" yog siv. Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov npoo, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tam sim ntawd cov ntawv sau ua ke rau hauv ib pab pawg kom poob.

Ua ke sau ntawv rau hauv ib pab pawg:

Li no xwb nws zoo li:

Feem ntau, cov ntawv sau ua ke hauv ib qho kev ntsuas. Nco qab tias qhov kev sib tw yog cov ntawv sau thiab lawv cov cim qhia ntawm ob kab ntsug, uas yog hu ua kab mob stroke:

Raws li koj tau pom, qhov kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ntsia saum lossis nqes. Muaj cov cai ntawm no.

Calm kev taw qhia:

Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv txog lub sijhawm sau ntawv tuaj yeem pom hauv Vakhromeev's "Elementary Theory of Music" [V. Vakhromeev, 1961].

Thiab, thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv tej suab paj nruag muaj suab thiab pauses ntawm lawv. Wb tham txog lawv.

Pooj

Pauses yog ntsuas tib yam li lub sijhawm sau ntawv. Kev ncua tuaj yeem ua tau raws nraim tib yam li tag nrho, ib nrab, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ncua sij hawm ntev dua ib daim ntawv tag nrho, thiab cov npe tshwj xeeb tau tsim rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, yog tias lub sijhawm ncua ntev 2 zaug ntev dua li daim ntawv tag nrho, nws yog hu ua brevis, yog tias nws ntev 4 zaug, nws yog longa, thiab 8 zaug ntev dua, nws yog qhov siab tshaj. Ib daim ntawv teev npe tag nrog cov npe tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus hauv qab no:

Yog li, hauv zaj lus qhia niaj hnub no, koj tau paub txog kev sau suab paj nruag los ntawm kos, tau txais ib lub tswv yim hais txog kev raug xwm txheej, sau ntawv, tsim kev ncua thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus ntsig txog lub ntsiab lus no. Peb xav tias qhov no ntau tshaj qhov txaus rau ib txoj haujlwm. Tam sim no nws tseem yuav tsum sib sau ua ke cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm zaj lus qhia nrog kev pab los ntawm kev xeem ntawv pov thawj.

Kev xeem kev nkag siab

Yog tias koj xav sim koj qhov kev paub ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia no, koj tuaj yeem xeem luv luv uas muaj ntau cov lus nug. Tsuas yog 1 qhov kev xaiv tuaj yeem raug rau txhua nqe lus nug. Tom qab koj xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, lub kaw lus cia li txav mus rau cov lus nug tom ntej. Cov ntsiab lus koj tau txais yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm koj cov lus teb thiab lub sijhawm siv dhau mus. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov lus nug txawv txhua lub sijhawm, thiab cov kev xaiv tau hloov pauv.

Thiab tam sim no peb tig mus rau kev kawm txog kev sib haum xeeb hauv suab paj nruag.