Fritz Kreisler |

Fritz Kreisler

Leej twg tau hnov ​​​​ib txoj haujlwm los ntawm Punyani, Cartier, Francoeur, Porpora, Louis Couperin, Padre Martini lossis Stamitz ua ntej kuv pib sau lawv cov npe? Lawv nyob tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag lexicons, thiab lawv cov ntsiab lus raug tsis nco qab nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm monasteries los yog sau cov plua plav ntawm cov rhawv ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv. Cov npe no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob F. Kleisler

F. Kreisler yog tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab kawg-tus kws kos duab, hauv nws txoj haujlwm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm virtuoso-romantic kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX txuas ntxiv txhim kho, cuam tshuam los ntawm prism ntawm lub ntiaj teb saib ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, nws cia siab tias cov kev txhais lus niaj hnub no, ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua thiab kev txhais lus ntawm kev txhais lus. Txuas ntxiv cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Strausses, J. Liner, Viennese nroog cov dab neeg, Kreisler tau tsim ntau cov yeeb yaj kiab violin thiab cov kev npaj uas nrov heev ntawm theem.

Kreisler tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus kws kho mob, tus kws ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yam nyiam ua si. Txij thaum yau, nws hnov ​​ib lub quartet hauv tsev, coj los ntawm nws txiv. Tus kws sau ntawv K. Goldberg, Z. Freud thiab lwm tus neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Vienna tau nyob ntawm no. Txij thaum muaj plaub xyoos, Kreisler kawm nrog nws txiv, tom qab ntawd nrog F. Ober. Twb yog thaum muaj 3 xyoos nws nkag mus rau Vienna Conservatory rau I. Helbesberger. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tshuab raj tau tshwm sim hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj K. Patti. Raws li txoj kev xav ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg, Kreisler kawm nrog A. Bruckner thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 7 xyoo ua ib txoj hlua quartet. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm A. Rubinstein, I. Joachim, P. Sarasate ua rau nws zoo siab heev. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, Kreisler kawm tiav los ntawm Vienna Conservatory nrog ib qho khoom plig kub. Nws concerts yog kev vam meej. Tab sis nws txiv xav muab nws lub tsev kawm ntawv hnyav dua. Thiab Kreisler rov nkag mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis tam sim no hauv Paris. J. Massard (tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm G. Venyavsky) tau los ua nws tus kws qhia ntawv violin, thiab L. Delibes hauv kev sau ntawv, uas txiav txim siab nws cov style ntawm kev sau ntawv. Thiab ntawm no, tom qab 9 xyoo, Kreisler tau txais ib qho khoom plig kub. Raws li ib tug me nyuam tub muaj kaum ob xyoos, ua ke nrog F. Liszt tus tub ntxhais kawm M. Rosenthal, nws ua kev ncig xyuas tebchaws Meskas, ua nws thawj zaug hauv Boston nrog kev hais kwv txhiaj los ntawm F. Mendelssohn.

Txawm tias muaj kev vam meej zoo ntawm tus me nyuam prodigy, leej txiv hais kom muaj kev kawm txuj ci puv npo. Kreisler tawm hauv violin thiab nkag mus hauv gymnasium. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum yim, nws mus ncig xyuas Russia. Tab sis, thaum rov qab los, nws nkag mus rau hauv lub koom haum kho mob, tsim kev ua tub rog, ua si hauv Tyrolean pawg nrog A. Schoenberg, ntsib I. Brahms thiab koom nrog thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm nws lub quartet. Thaum kawg, Kreisler txiav txim siab los tuav kev sib tw rau pawg thib ob violins ntawm Vienna Opera. Thiab - qhov ua tsis tiav! Tus kws ua yeeb yam poob siab txiav txim siab tso lub violin mus ib txhis. Qhov kev kub ntxhov dhau los tsuas yog xyoo 1896, thaum Kreisler tau ua qhov kev ncig xyuas thib ob ntawm Russia, uas tau los ua qhov pib ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ci ntsa iab. Tom qab ntawd, nrog kev ua tiav zoo, nws cov concerts tau tuav hauv Berlin raws li kev coj ntawm A. Nikish. Kuj tseem muaj lub rooj sib tham nrog E. Izai, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam cov style ntawm Kreisler tus kws ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yam.

Nyob rau hauv 1905, Kreisler tau tsim ib lub voj voog ntawm cov nkauj laus ncas "Classical Manuscripts" - 19 cov ntawv me me uas tau sau ua ib qho kev coj ua ntawm classical tej hauj lwm ntawm 1935th caug xyoo. Kreisler, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav mystify, zais nws authorship, muab tawm lub plays raws li transcriptions. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws luam tawm nws cov qauv qub ntawm Viennese waltzes - "Kev Zoo Siab ntawm Kev Hlub", "Pangs of Love", "Beautiful Rosemary", uas tau raug kev thuam hnyav thiab tawm tsam cov ntawv sau ua suab paj nruag tiag. Nws tsis yog txog thaum XNUMX uas Kreisler lees txim rau kev dag ntxias, cov neeg thuam thuam.

Kreisler pheej mus ncig hauv Russia, ua si nrog V. Safonov, S. Rachmaninov, I. Hoffmann, S. Kusevitsky. Thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib XNUMX, nws tau raug xa mus rau hauv cov tub rog, nyob ze Lvov tuaj tawm tsam los ntawm Cossacks, raug mob ntawm tus ncej puab thiab kho tau ntev. Nws tawm mus rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas, muab concerts, tab sis, raws li nws tawm tsam Russia, nws yog obstructed.

Lub sijhawm no, ua ke nrog tus kws sau ntawv Hungarian V. Jacobi, nws tau sau operetta "Flowers of the Apple Tree", uas tau tshwm sim hauv New York xyoo 1919. I. Stravinsky, Rachmaninov, E. Varese, Izai, J. Heifets thiab lwm tus tuaj koom. lub premiere.

Kreisler ua ntau yam kev ncig xyuas thoob ntiaj teb, ntau cov ntaub ntawv raug kaw. Nyob rau hauv 1933 nws tsim lub thib ob Zizi operetta staged nyob rau hauv Vienna. Nws repertoire nyob rau lub sij hawm no yog txwv rau classics, romance thiab nws tus kheej tej yam me me. Nws xyaum tsis ua suab paj nruag niaj hnub: "Tsis muaj tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem nrhiav lub ntsej muag zoo tiv thaiv cov pa roj ntawm kev vam meej niaj hnub no. Ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob thaum mloog cov nkauj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub no. Qhov no yog lub suab paj nruag ntawm peb era thiab nws yog ntuj. Suab paj nruag yuav tsis coj txawv txav tshwj tsis yog qhov xwm txheej kev nom kev tswv thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv ntiaj teb hloov pauv. "

Xyoo 1924-32. Kreisler nyob hauv Berlin, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1933 nws raug yuam kom tawm mus vim yog fascism, thawj zaug rau Fabkis thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Asmeskas. Ntawm no nws tseem ua thiab ua nws cov txheej txheem. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov ntawv sau muaj tswv yim ntawm violin concertos los ntawm N. Paganini (Thawj) thiab P. Tchaikovsky, ua si los ntawm Rachmaninov, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Dvorak, F. Schubert, thiab lwm yam. Xyoo 1941, Kreisler raug ntaus los ntawm ib lub tsheb thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau. Qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj kawg uas nws tau muab yog ntawm Carnegie Hall hauv xyoo 1947.

Peru Kreisler muaj 55 cov ntawv sau thiab ntau dua 80 cov ntawv sau thiab hloov pauv ntawm ntau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab ua yeeb yam, qee zaum sawv cev rau kev tsim tawm tswv yim ntawm cov thawj. Kreisler's compositions - nws lub suab nkauj hu nkauj "Vivaldi", stylizations ntawm cov tswv thaum ub, Viennese waltzes, xws li Recitative thiab Scherzo, "Suav Tambourine", kev npaj ntawm "Folia" los ntawm A. Corelli, "Devil's Trill" los ntawm G. Tartini, variations ntawm "Witch" Paganini, cadenzas rau concertos los ntawm L. Beethoven thiab Brahms yog dav ua nyob rau theem, txaus siab rau kev vam meej nrog cov neeg tuaj saib.

V. Grigorev

Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag kos duab ntawm thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem pom ib daim duab zoo li Kreisler. Tus creator ntawm ib tug kiag li tshiab, thawj style ntawm kev ua si, nws influences tag nrho nws contemporaries. Tsis yog Heifetz, lossis Thibaut, lossis Enescu, lossis Oistrakh, uas "kawm" ntau yam los ntawm tus neeg zoo nkauj Austrian violinist thaum lub sijhawm tsim nws cov txuj ci, dhau los ntawm nws. Kreisler qhov kev ua si tau xav tsis thoob, xyaum, kawm, txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus tsawg tshaj plaws; cov kws ntaus nkauj loj tshaj tau pe hawm nws. Nws nyiam txoj cai uas tsis muaj lus nug txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej.

Xyoo 1937, thaum Kreisler muaj 62 xyoos, Oistrakh hnov ​​nws hauv Brussels. Nws tau sau tias "Rau kuv," Kreisler qhov kev ua si ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob. Hauv thawj feeb, ntawm thawj lub suab ntawm nws tus hneev taw tshwj xeeb, kuv hnov ​​​​txhua lub zog thiab ntxim nyiam ntawm tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo nkauj no. Kev ntsuam xyuas lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag ntawm 30s, Rachmaninov tau sau tias: "Kreisler yog suav tias yog tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo tshaj plaws. Qab nws yog Yasha Kheyfets, lossis ib sab ntawm nws. Nrog Kreisler, Rachmaninoff muaj ib pab pawg mus tas li rau ntau xyoo.

Kev kos duab ntawm Kreisler ua tus kws sau nkauj thiab ua yeeb yam tau tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Viennese thiab Fabkis cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tau muab ib yam dab tsi zoo kawg nkaus. Kreisler tau txuas nrog Viennese suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai los ntawm ntau yam uas muaj nyob hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Vienna tau coj los rau hauv nws qhov kev txaus siab rau cov classics ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth-XNUMXth, uas ua rau cov tsos ntawm nws cov "laus" miniatures elegant. Tab sis txawm ntau ncaj qha yog qhov kev sib txuas nrog niaj hnub Vienna, nws lub teeb, siv suab paj nruag thiab kab lig kev cai yos rov qab rau Johann Strauss. Tau kawg, Kreisler's waltzes txawv ntawm Strauss's, uas, raws li Y. Kremlev aptly sau, "gracefulness yog ua ke nrog hluas nkauj, thiab txhua yam yog imbued nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub teeb thiab languid perception ntawm lub neej." Kreisler's waltz poob nws txoj kev hluas, ua ntau qhov kev xav thiab sib raug zoo, "kev ua si siab". Tab sis tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub qub "Strauss" Vienna nyob hauv nws.

Kreisler qiv ntau cov kev kawm violin los ntawm Fabkis kos duab, vibrato tshwj xeeb. Nws muab cov vibrations ib qho txuj lom sensual uas tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm Fabkis. Vibrato, siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cantilena, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus, tau dhau los ua ib tug ntawm cov cim ntawm nws ua yeeb yam style. Raws li K. Flesh, los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog ntawm kev vibration, Kreisler ua raws li Yzai, uas thawj zaug qhia qhov dav, khaus vibrato nrog sab laug tes rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub rau violinists. Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag Fabkis Marc Pencherl ntseeg tias Kreisler tus qauv tsis yog Isai, tab sis nws tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Paris Conservatory Massard: "Ib tug qub tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Massard, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv vibrato, txawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv German." Cov violinists ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv German yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ceev faj txog kev vibration, uas lawv siv ntau heev. Thiab qhov tseeb tias Kreisler pib pleev xim nrog nws tsis yog cantilena nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov kev ntxhib los mos, tawm tsam qhov zoo nkauj canons ntawm kev kawm txuj ci ntawm xyoo pua XNUMX.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tag nrho los xav txog Kreisler hauv kev siv vibration ib tug follower ntawm Izaya los yog Massar, raws li Flesch thiab Lehnsherl ua. Kreisler muab kev vibration sib txawv ua yeeb yam thiab nthuav qhia, tsis paub txog nws cov thawj coj, suav nrog Ysaye thiab Massard. Rau nws, nws tsis tas yuav "xim" thiab hloov mus rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm violin cantilena, nws txhais tau hais tias muaj zog tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog heev tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv hom yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau yam ntxwv nta ntawm nws tus kheej style. Thaum kis tau qhov kev vibration rau lub cev muaj zog, nws muab qhov kev ua si ib qho txawv tshaj plaw melodiousness ntawm ib hom "ntsim" ntxoov ntxoo, uas tau txais los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub suab extraction. Sab nraud ntawm qhov no, Kreisler kev co tsis tuaj yeem xav txog.

Kreisler txawv ntawm txhua tus neeg violinists hauv cov txheej txheem mob stroke thiab tsim suab. Nws ua si nrog hneev deb ntawm tus choj, ze rau lub fretboard, nrog luv luv tab sis ntom strokes; nws siv portamento abundantly, saturating lub cantilena nrog "accents-sighs" los yog cais ib lub suab los ntawm lwm tus nrog mos caesuras siv portamentation. Accents nyob rau sab tes xis feem ntau nrog accents nyob rau sab laug, los ntawm kev vibratory "thawb". Yog li ntawd, lub tart, "sensual" cantilena ntawm ib tug mos mos "matte" timbre raug tsim.

"Nyob rau hauv muaj hneev nti, Kreisler txhob txwm tshaj tawm los ntawm nws cov neeg tiam," sau K. Flesh. - Ua ntej nws, muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg: ib txwm siv zog siv tag nrho ntev ntawm hneev nti. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tsis yog qhov tseeb, yog tias tsuas yog vim qhov kev siv ntawm "zoo" thiab "graceful" yuav tsum muaj qhov txwv siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ntev ntawm hneev. Txawm li cas los xij, Kreisler tus qauv qhia tau hais tias kev ua siab zoo thiab kev siv zog tsis koom nrog kev siv tag nrho hneev. Nws siv qhov kawg siab kawg ntawm hneev nkaus xwb hauv qhov tshwj xeeb. Kreisler piav qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hneev taw los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws muaj "tso caj npab luv dhau"; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv lub hauv qab ntawm tus hneev txhawj xeeb nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov ua tau nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no kom ua rau "es" ntawm nkauj laus ncas. Qhov "kev lag luam" no tau sib npaug los ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv muaj zog hneev siab nrog accentuation, uas nyob rau hauv lem tau tswj los ntawm ib qho kev vibration heev.

Pencherl, uas tau soj ntsuam Kreisler tau ntau xyoo, qhia qee qhov kev kho rau Flesch cov lus; nws sau tias Kreisler ua si hauv me me, nrog kev hloov pauv ntau zaus ntawm hneev thiab nws cov plaub hau nruj heev uas tus pas nrig tau txais pob, tab sis tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog (lub ntsiab lus ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. - LR) rov qab mus rau kev kawm ntxiv. txoj kev hneev nti.

Kev mob stroke me me ua ke nrog portamento thiab kev vibration qhia tau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv siv los ntawm Kreisler yeej tsis hla ciam teb ntawm kev saj zoo. Nws tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm cov suab paj nruag tsis hloov pauv tau pom los ntawm Flesch, uas yog ob qho tib si hauv lub cev thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kawm: "Nws tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm nws lub portamento, ib txwm tswj hwm, tsis muaj qab ntxiag, suav nrog kev ua tiav pheej yig," sau Flesh. Pencherl kos cov lus xaus zoo sib xws, ntseeg tias Kreisler txoj kev tsis ua txhaum txoj cai thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm nws cov style.

Kreisler cov cuab yeej ntiv tes yog qhov tshwj xeeb nrog ntau qhov kev hloov pauv thiab "sensual", hais txog glissandos, uas feem ntau txuas nrog lub suab sib txuas los txhim kho lawv qhov kev xav.

Feem ntau, Kreisler qhov kev ua si yog qhov txawv txav, nrog "qhov tob" timbres, dawb "romantic" rubato, sib haum xeeb ua ke nrog lub suab meej meej: "Smellor thiab atherosclerosis yog ob lub hauv paus uas nws ua yeeb yam raws li." "Nws yeej tsis tau txi txiv rau kev ua tiav tsis zoo, thiab nws yeej tsis tau caum cov ntaub ntawv ceev." Flesch cov lus tsis sib txawv los ntawm Pencherl lub tswv yim: "Nyob rau hauv lub cantabile, nws sonority tau txais ib tug coj txawv txawv ntxim nyiam - sparkling, kub, ib yam li sensual, nws tsis muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qis vim hais tias ntawm lub hardness ntawm lub atherosclerosis uas enlivened tag nrho cov kev ua si. ”

Qhov no yog li cas tus portrait ntawm Kreisler tus violinist tshwm sim. Nws tseem yuav ntxiv ob peb kov rau nws.

Hauv ob ceg tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm - kev ua tau zoo thiab kev muaj tswv yim - Kreisler tau los ua nto moo feem ntau yog tus tswv ntawm cov khoom me me. Cov me me yuav tsum tau nthuav dav, yog li Kreisler qhov kev ua si tau txais lub hom phiaj no, qhia txog qhov ntxoov ntxoo me ntsis ntawm kev xav, qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev xav. Nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau zoo kawg nkaus rau nws qhov kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thiab txawm tias, rau qee qhov, salonism, txawm hais tias tsis muaj tseeb. Rau tag nrho cov melodiousness, cantileverness ntawm Kreisler kev ua si, vim hais tias ntawm cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws luv luv strokes, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm declamation nyob rau hauv nws. Rau qhov loj, "hais lus", "hais lus" intonation, uas txawv qhov kev ua haujlwm hneev nti niaj hnub, siv nws lub hauv paus los ntawm Kreisler. Qhov no declamatory xwm qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm improvisation rau hauv nws qhov kev ua si, thiab softness, lub siab dawb paug ntawm intonation muab nws tus cwj pwm ntawm dawb suab paj nruag-ua, txawv los ntawm immediacy.

Noj mus rau hauv tus account lub peculiarities ntawm nws style, Kreisler tsim cov kev pab cuam ntawm nws concerts raws li. Nws mob siab rau thawj ntu rau kev ua haujlwm loj, thiab thib ob rau cov khoom me me. Ua raws li Kreisler, lwm tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMX tau pib saturate lawv cov kev pab cuam nrog cov ntawv me me thiab cov ntawv sau, uas tsis tau ua ua ntej (cov khoom me me tau ua si tsuas yog ua ib qho encore). Raws li Pencherl, "hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo nws yog tus neeg txhais lus uas muaj kev hwm tshaj plaws, kev xav hauvеnza manifested nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv txoj kev ywj pheej ua tej me me nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj.

Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom pom zoo nrog qhov kev xav no. Kreisler kuj tau qhia ntau tus neeg, tsuas yog peculiar rau nws, rau hauv kev txhais lus ntawm classics. Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv loj, nws tus yam ntxwv improvisation, ib tug tej yam aestheticization, generated los ntawm lub sophistication ntawm nws saj, manifested nws tus kheej. K. Flesh sau tias Kreisler siv me ntsis thiab suav tias nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg "ua si tawm." Nws tsis ntseeg tias yuav tsum muaj kev xyaum ua ntu zus, thiab yog li ntawd nws cov txheej txheem ntiv tes tsis zoo tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau theem, nws tau qhia "kev zoo siab."

Pencherl tau hais txog qhov no hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv me ntsis. Raws li nws, thev naus laus zis rau Kreisler yeej ib txwm nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, nws yeej tsis yog nws qhev, ntseeg tias yog lub hauv paus zoo tau txais thaum yau, tom qab ntawd ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj. Nws ib zaug hais rau ib tug neeg sau xov xwm: "Yog tias tus tsim txiaj ua haujlwm zoo thaum nws tseem hluas, ces nws cov ntiv tes yuav hloov tau mus ib txhis, txawm tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog nws tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws cov txheej txheem txhua hnub." Kev loj hlob ntawm Kreisler lub peev xwm, kev txhawb nqa ntawm nws tus kheej, tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev nyeem cov suab paj nruag, kev kawm dav dav (kev sau ntawv thiab kev xav) mus rau ntau qhov ntau dua li ntau teev siv rau kev teev lossis kev tawm dag zog. Tab sis nws txoj kev tshaib kev nqhis rau suab paj nruag yog insatiable. Ua si hauv pawg nrog phooj ywg, nws tuaj yeem thov rov qab Schubert Quintet nrog ob lub cellos, uas nws nyiam, peb zaug ua ke. Nws hais tias kev mob siab rau suab paj nruag yog tantamount rau kev mob siab rau kev ua si, nws yog ib qho thiab ib yam - "ua si nkauj laus ncas lossis ua si roulette, sau lossis haus luam yeeb ...". "Thaum koj muaj kev tsim txiaj hauv koj cov ntshav, qhov kev zoo siab ntawm kev nce mus rau theem yuav muab nqi zog rau koj rau tag nrho koj cov kev tu siab ..."

Pencherl tau sau tus neeg ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yam sab nraud ntawm kev ua si, nws tus cwj pwm ntawm theem. Hauv ib tsab xov xwm uas twb tau hais ua ntej lawm, nws sau tias: “Kuv qhov kev nco pib los ntawm qhov deb. Kuv yog ib tug tub hluas heev thaum kuv muaj hmoov zoo los tham ntev nrog Jacques Thiebaud, uas tseem nyob rau kaj ntug ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm ci ntsa iab. Kuv tau xav rau nws tias qhov kev qhuas qhuas rau cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tseem ceeb (ntawm qhov deb nws tsis zoo li tsis tsim nyog rau kuv). Thaum kuv nug nws greedily txog txhua yam thiab tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm, ib tug ntawm nws cov lus teb kov kuv, vim nws yog los ntawm qhov kuv xav tias yog Vajtswv ntawm violinists. Nws hais rau kuv tias, "Muaj ib yam zoo kawg li," leej twg yuav mus ntxiv dua kuv. Nco ntsoov Kreisler lub npe. Qhov no yuav yog peb tus tswv rau txhua tus. "

Lawm, Pencherl tau sim mus rau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj thawj zaug ntawm Kreisler. "Kreisler zoo li ib tug colossus rau kuv. Nws ib txwm evoked lub tswv yim txawv tshaj plaw ntawm lub hwj chim nrog ib tug dav torso, ib tug kis las caj dab ntawm ib tug hnyav-thrower, lub ntsej muag nrog zoo kawg li nta, crowned nrog tuab plaub hau txiav nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg coob txiav. Hauv kev soj ntsuam ze dua, qhov sov ntawm qhov ntsia pom tau hloov dab tsi thaum xub thawj siab ib muag yuav zoo li hnyav.

Thaum lub orchestra ua si qhov kev taw qhia, nws sawv zoo li tus neeg zov - nws ob txhais tes ntawm nws sab, lub violin yuav luag rau hauv av, hooked rau curl nrog tus ntiv tes taw ntawm nws sab laug tes. Thaum lub sijhawm qhia, nws tau tsa nws, zoo li flirtingly, thaum kawg thib ob, muab tso rau ntawm nws lub xub pwg nyom nrog tus cwj pwm nrawm nrawm uas qhov ntsuas zoo li raug ntes los ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab caj dab.

Kreisler's biography yog nthuav dav hauv Lochner phau ntawv. Nws yug hauv Vienna thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2, 1875 hauv tsev neeg ntawm kws kho mob. Nws txiv yog ib tus neeg nyiam suab paj nruag thiab tsuas yog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm nws yawg txwv tsis pub nws xaiv txoj haujlwm ua suab paj nruag. Tsev neeg feem ntau ntaus suab paj nruag, thiab quartets ua si tsis tu ncua rau hnub Saturday. Me Fritz tau mloog lawv tsis nres, txaus siab rau lub suab. Musicality yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshav uas nws rub shoelaces ntawm cigar thawv thiab ua raws li cov players. "Ib zaug," Kreisler hais tias, "thaum kuv muaj peb xyoos thiab ib nrab xyoo, kuv nyob ib sab ntawm kuv txiv thaum ua yeeb yam ntawm Mozart's stroke quartet, uas pib nrog cov ntawv sau. re-b-flat- ntsev (ie G loj No. 156 raws li Koechel Catalog. – LR). "Yuav ua li cas koj paub ua si peb sau ntawv?" kuv nug nws. Nws ua siab ntev muab ib daim ntawv, kos tsib kab thiab piav qhia rau kuv tias txhua daim ntawv txhais tau li cas, muab tso rau ntawm lossis ntawm kab no lossis kab ntawd.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 xyoos, nws tau yuav ib lub violin tiag tiag, thiab Fritz nws tus kheej khaws lub teb chaws Austrian anthem rau nws. Nws pib raug suav hais tias hauv tsev neeg yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb me me, thiab nws txiv tau pib muab nws zaj nkauj.

Nws tau tsim sai npaum li cas tuaj yeem txiav txim tau los ntawm qhov tseeb tias 7-xyoo-laus (hauv 1882) cov menyuam yaus prodigy tau txais mus rau Vienna Conservatory hauv chav kawm ntawm Joseph Helmesberger. Kreisler tau sau ntawv hauv Musical Courier thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1908: “Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov phooj ywg tau nthuav qhia kuv nrog ib nrab-loj violin, ilv thiab melodious, ntawm ib hom qub heev. Kuv tsis txaus siab rau nws, vim kuv xav tias thaum kawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej kuv tuaj yeem muaj tsawg kawg peb lub hlis twg violin ... "

Helmesberger yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv zoo thiab muab nws tus tsiaj ua lub hauv paus zoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, Fritz ua nws debut, ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub concerts ntawm nto moo singer Carlotta Patti. Nws kawm txog qhov pib ntawm txoj kev xav nrog Anton Bruckner thiab, ntxiv rau lub violin, mob siab rau sijhawm ntau los ua si piano. Tam sim no, ob peb tus neeg paub tias Kreisler yog tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag zoo heev, ua si ywj pheej txawm tias nyuaj los ntawm ib daim ntawv. Lawv hais tias thaum Auer coj Heifetz mus rau Berlin hauv xyoo 1914, ob leeg tau nyob hauv tib lub tsev ntiag tug. Cov qhua tuaj koom, uas yog Kreisler, hais kom tus tub ua si ib yam dab tsi. "Tab sis li cas txog kev sib tham?" Heifetz nug. Ces Kreisler mus rau lub piano thiab, raws li ib tug memento, nrog Mendelssohn's Concerto thiab nws tus kheej daim, Zoo nkauj Rosemary.

10-xyoo-laus Kreisler tau kawm tiav los ntawm Vienna Conservatory nrog ib qho khoom plig kub; cov phooj ywg yuav nws ib lub violin peb lub hlis twg los ntawm Amati. Tus tub, uas twb tau ua npau suav ntawm ib tug violin tag nrho, rov qab tsis txaus siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsev neeg pawg sab laj tau txiav txim siab tias txhawm rau ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag, Fritz yuav tsum mus rau Paris.

Nyob rau hauv lub 80s thiab 90s, Paris Violin School yog nyob rau hauv nws zenith. Marsik qhia nyob rau hauv lub conservatory, uas tsa Thibault thiab Enescu, Massar, los ntawm nws cov chav kawm Venyavsky, Rys, Ondrichek tawm. Kreisler nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm Joseph Lambert Massard, "Kuv xav tias Massard hlub kuv vim kuv ua si hauv Wieniawski style," tom qab nws lees paub. Tib lub sijhawm, Kreisler tau kawm txog kev sib xyaw nrog Leo Delibes. Lub clarity ntawm cov style ntawm tus tswv no ua rau nws tus kheej hnov ​​tom qab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub violinist.

Kawm tiav los ntawm Paris Conservatoire hauv 1887 yog qhov kev yeej. Tus tub hluas 12 xyoo yeej thawj qhov khoom plig, sib tw nrog 40 tus neeg ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab, txhua tus muaj tsawg kawg yog 10 xyoo laus dua nws.

Los ntawm Paris mus rau Vienna, tus tub hluas nkauj laus ncas tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Asmeskas tus thawj coj Edmond Stenton mus rau Tebchaws Meskas nrog pianist Moritz Rosenthal. Kev ncig xyuas Asmeskas tau tshwm sim thaum lub caij 1888/89. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 9, 1888, Kreisler tau ua nws thawj zaug hauv Boston. Nws yog thawj qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj uas tau pib ua nws txoj haujlwm ua tus neeg hu nkauj ua yeeb yam.

Rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe, Kreisler tau tso lub violin ib ntus txhawm rau ua tiav nws txoj kev kawm dav dav. Thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws txiv tau qhia nws cov kev kawm dav dav hauv tsev, qhia Latin, Greek, natural sciences thiab lej. Tam sim no (hauv 1889) nws nkag mus rau Tsev Kawm Kho Mob ntawm University of Vienna. Plunging headlong mus rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj, nws mob siab rau kawm nrog cov loj tshaj professors. Muaj pov thawj tias ntxiv rau nws kawm kos duab (hauv Paris), kawm keeb kwm kos duab (hauv Rome).

Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm no ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm tsis meej tag nrho. I. Yampolsky cov lus hais txog Kreisler qhia tias twb nyob rau hauv 1893 Kreisler tuaj rau Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws muab 2 concerts nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Musical Society. Tsis muaj leej twg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws ntawm tus neeg ntaus nkauj, suav nrog Lochner's monograph, muaj cov ntaub ntawv no.

Nyob rau xyoo 1895-1896, Kreisler tau ua haujlwm rau nws cov tub rog hauv tub rog ntawm Archduke Eugene ntawm Habsburg. Lub Archduke nco txog cov tub ntxhais hluas nkauj violinist los ntawm nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam thiab siv nws thaum yav tsaus ntuj suab paj nruag ua tus soloist, nrog rau hauv lub suab paj nruag thaum ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam amateur. Tom qab ntawd (hauv 1900) Kreisler tau nce mus rau qib lieutenant.

Tawm ntawm cov tub rog, Kreisler rov qab mus ua suab paj nruag. Nyob rau hauv 1896 nws mus rau Qaib Cov Txwv, ces 2 xyoo (1896-1898) nyob rau hauv Vienna. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib nws ntau zaus hauv lub tsev noj mov "Megalomania" - ib hom suab paj nruag qws hauv lub nroog Austrian, qhov chaw Hugo Hma, Eduard Hanslick, Johann Brahms, Hugo Hofmannsthal tau sau. Kev sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg no tau muab Kreisler lub siab xav tsis thoob. Ntau tshaj ib zaug tom qab nws nco qab nws cov kev sib ntsib nrog lawv.

Txoj kev mus rau lub yeeb koob tsis yooj yim. Lub peculiar yam ntawm Kreisler qhov kev ua tau zoo, uas plays li "tsis zoo li" lwm yam violinists, surprises thiab ceeb toom rau cov neeg saib xyuas Viennese. Kev xav tsis thoob, nws txawm sim nkag mus rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm Royal Vienna Opera, tab sis nws tsis raug lees txais nyob ntawd, raug liam tias "vim tsis muaj kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab." Lub koob meej tuaj tsuas yog tom qab concerts ntawm 1899. Tuaj txog hauv Berlin, Kreisler tau npaj txhij ua tiav nrog kev vam meej. Tus poj Joachim nws tus kheej zoo siab nrog nws cov txuj ci tshiab thiab txawv txawv. Kreisler tau tham txog yog tus neeg nyiam violinist tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm. Xyoo 1900, nws tau raug caw tuaj rau Asmeskas, thiab mus rau Askiv thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1902 suav nrog nws qhov chaw nyob hauv Europe.

Nws yog lub sijhawm lom zem thiab tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm nws cov hluas nkauj. Los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, Kreisler yog ib tus neeg muaj sia nyob, muaj kev sib raug zoo, nquag tso dag thiab lom zem. Nyob rau hauv 1900-1901 nws ncig teb chaws America nrog cellist John Gerardi thiab pianist Bernhard Pollack. Cov phooj ywg tas li ua rau kev lom zem ntawm tus pianist, raws li nws ib txwm ntshai vim lawv qhov kev tshwm sim hauv chav ua yeeb yam thib ob, ua ntej mus rau theem. Muaj ib hnub hauv Chicago, Pollak pom tias ob leeg tsis nyob hauv chav kos duab. Lub tsev tau txuas nrog lub tsev so uas peb ntawm lawv nyob, thiab Pollak rushed mus rau Kreisler lub tsev. Nws tawg mus rau hauv yam tsis muaj khob thiab pom tus nkauj laus ncas thiab cellist pw ntawm ib lub txaj loj, nrog daim pam rub mus rau lawv lub puab tsaig. Lawv snored fortissimo nyob rau hauv ib tug txaus ntshai duet. “Hav, koj ob leeg vwm! Pollack qw. "Cov neeg tuaj saib tau sib sau ua ke thiab tos kom qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj pib!"

– Cia kuv pw! roared Kreisler hauv Wagnerian zaj lus.

Ntawm no yog kuv txoj kev kaj siab lug! yws Gerardi.

Nrog rau cov lus no, lawv ob leeg tig mus rau lwm sab thiab pib snorre txawm ntau unmelodiously dua ua ntej. Kev npau taws, Pollack rub tawm lawv daim pam thiab pom tias lawv nyob hauv tailcoats. Kev hais kwv txhiaj pib tsuas yog 10 feeb lig thiab cov neeg tuaj saib tsis pom dab tsi.

Xyoo 1902, muaj ib qho xwm txheej loj tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm Fritz Kreisler - nws tau sib yuav Harriet Lyse (tom qab nws thawj tus txiv, Mrs. Fred Wortz). Nws yog ib tug poj niam zoo, ntse, ntxim nyiam, rhiab heev. Nws tau los ua nws tus phooj ywg mob siab tshaj plaws, sib qhia nws cov kev xav thiab txaus siab rau nws. Txog thaum laus lawm lawv zoo siab.

Txij xyoo 900s mus txog rau xyoo 1941, Kreisler tau mus ntsib ntau yam hauv Asmeskas thiab tau mus ncig tsis tu ncua thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog Tebchaws Meskas thiab, hauv Tebchaws Europe, nrog rau Askiv. Xyoo 1904, London Musical Society tau muab nws ib qho khoom plig kub rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Beethoven Concerto. Tab sis sab ntsuj plig, Kreisler nyob ze rau Fabkis thiab hauv nws yog nws cov phooj ywg Fabkis txoj Ysaye, Thibault, Casals, Cortot, Casadesus thiab lwm tus. Kreisler qhov txuas rau Fabkis kab lis kev cai yog cov organic. Nws feem ntau mus xyuas Belgian vaj tse ntawm Ysaye, ua suab paj nruag hauv tsev nrog Thibaut thiab Casals. Kreisler tau lees paub tias Izai muaj kev ua yeeb yam zoo rau nws thiab tias nws tau qiv ntau cov txuj ci violin los ntawm nws. Qhov tseeb tias Kreisler tau dhau los ua Izaya "tus qub txeeg qub teg" hais txog kev vibration twb tau hais lawm. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias Kreisler tau nyiam los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj uas muaj yeej hauv lub voj voog ntawm Ysaye, Thibaut, Casals, lawv tus cwj pwm nyiam nyiam suab paj nruag, ua ke nrog kev kawm tob ntawm nws. Hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog lawv, Kreisler cov tswv yim zoo nkauj tau tsim, qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo ntawm nws tus cwj pwm tau ntxiv dag zog.

Ua ntej Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1910, Kreisler tsis tshua paub hauv Russia. Nws muab concerts ntawm no ob zaug, nyob rau hauv 1911 thiab 1910. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2, nws muab 3 concerts nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tab sis lawv mus unnoticed, txawm hais tias lawv tau txais kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub Music magazine (No. 74, p. XNUMX). Nws tau raug sau tseg tias nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ua rau muaj kev xav tob tob nrog lub zog ntawm kev npau taws thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus hais. Nws ua si nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tseem mus raws li adaptations ntawm qub plays.

Ib xyoos tom qab, Kreisler rov tshwm sim hauv Russia. Thaum lub sij hawm mus ntsib no, nws concerts (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2 thiab 9, 1911) twb ua rau ib tug ntau dua resonance. "Ntawm peb cov neeg ua yeeb yam tam sim no," tus neeg thuam Lavxias tau sau tias, "Lub npe ntawm Fritz Kreisler yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm thawj qhov chaw. Hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam, Kreisler yog tus kws kos duab ntau dua li kev tsim txiaj, thiab lub sijhawm zoo nkauj ib txwm tsis pom hauv nws lub siab nyiam uas txhua tus neeg ntaus nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm lawv cov txheej txheem. " Tab sis qhov no, raws li cov neeg thuam, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev qhuas los ntawm "cov pej xeem", uas tab tom nrhiav "kev tsim txiaj dawb huv" hauv txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam, uas yooj yim dua rau kev nkag siab.

Nyob rau hauv 1905, Kreisler pib tshaj tawm nws tej hauj lwm, venturing mus rau hauv lub tam sim no dav paub dag dag. Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yog "Peb Cov Viennese Dances", raug liam tias yog Yauxej Lanner, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm "cov ntawv sau" ntawm cov yeeb yam los ntawm cov classics - Louis Couperin, Porpora, Punyani, Padre Martini, thiab lwm yam. Thaum pib, nws tau ua cov "cov ntawv sau" ntawm nws tus kheej concerts, ces luam tawm thiab lawv sai sai dispersed thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Tsis muaj violinist uas yuav tsis suav nrog lawv hauv nws qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj repertoire. Zoo heev-suab, subtly stylized, lawv tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm ob lub suab paj nruag thiab cov pej xeem. Raws li thawj "tus kheej" sau, Kreisler ib txhij tso tawm Viennese salon ua yeeb yam, thiab kev thuam tau poob rau nws ntau dua ib zaug rau "kev saj tsis zoo" nws tau tshwm sim hauv cov yeeb yam xws li "Pangs of Love" lossis "Viennese Caprice".

Kev dag nrog cov "classical" daim ntawv txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1935, thaum Kreisler tau lees paub rau New Times suab paj nruag thuam Olin Dowen tias tag nrho cov ntawv sau classical, tshwj tsis yog thawj 8 tuav hauv Louis XIII's Ditto Louis Couperin, tau sau los ntawm nws. Raws li Kreisler, lub tswv yim ntawm xws li ib tug dag ntxias tuaj rau hauv nws lub siab 30 xyoo dhau los nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau lub siab xav mus ntxiv nws concerts repertoire. "Kuv pom tias nws yuav txaj muag thiab tactless kom rov hais dua kuv tus kheej lub npe hauv cov haujlwm." Nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm, nws tau piav qhia qhov laj thawj rau kev dag ntxias los ntawm qhov hnyav uas qhov kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam feem ntau raug kho. Thiab ua pov thawj, nws tau hais txog qhov piv txwv ntawm nws tus kheej ua haujlwm, qhia tias qhov txawv ntawm "classical" plays thiab cov ntawv sau npe nrog nws lub npe raug soj ntsuam - "Viennese Caprice", "Suav Tambourine", thiab lwm yam.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm kev dag ntxias ua rau muaj cua daj cua dub. Ernst Neumann tau sau ib tsab xov xwm txaus ntshai. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim, piav qhia meej hauv Lochner phau ntawv, tab sis ... txog rau hnub no, Kreisler's "classical pieces" tseem nyob rau hauv repertoire ntawm violinists. Ntxiv mus, Kreisler yog, tau kawg, yog thaum, tawm tsam Neumann, nws tau sau tias: “Cov npe uas kuv tau ua tib zoo xaiv tsis tau paub meej rau feem coob. Leej twg puas tau hnov ​​ib txoj hauj lwm los ntawm Punyani, Cartier, Francoeur, Porpora, Louis Couperin, Padre Martini los yog Stamitz ua ntej kuv pib sau lawv lub npe? Lawv tsuas nyob hauv cov npe ntawm kab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm; lawv tej hauj lwm, yog tias lawv muaj, maj mam tig mus rau hauv plua plav hauv monasteries thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv qub. " Kreisler nrov lawv cov npe nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev peculiar thiab undoubtedly pab txhawb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub suab seev suab seev ntawm lub xyoo pua XNUMXth-XNUMXth.

Thaum Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb pib, Kreislers tau so hauv Switzerland. Tom qab tshem tawm tag nrho cov ntawv cog lus, suav nrog kev ncig xyuas tebchaws Russia nrog Kusevitsky, Kreisler sai sai mus rau Vienna, qhov chaw uas nws tau cuv npe ua tub rog. Cov xov xwm hais tias tus kws ntaus nkauj nrov nrov tau raug xa mus rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam loj hauv Austria thiab lwm lub tebchaws, tab sis tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim. Kreisler raug tso tseg hauv tub rog. Cov tub rog nyob rau hauv uas nws tau txais kev pab sai sai tau pauv mus rau Lavxias teb sab pem hauv ntej ze Lvov. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1914, cov xov xwm cuav tau tshaj tawm tias Kreisler raug tua. Qhov tseeb, nws raug mob thiab qhov no yog vim li cas rau nws demobilization. Tam sim ntawd, ua ke nrog Harriet, nws tawm mus rau Tebchaws Meskas. Lwm lub sij hawm, thaum tsov rog kav, lawv nyob ntawd.

Lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog tau cim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam. America, England, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, dua America, Czechoslovakia, Ltalis - nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom sau npe txoj kev ntawm tus zoo artist. Xyoo 1923, Kreisler tau mus ncig sab hnub tuaj, mus xyuas Nyiv, Kaus Lim Kauslim, thiab Tuam Tshoj. Hauv Nyij Pooj, nws tau mob siab rau ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab thiab suab paj nruag. Nws txawm xav siv intonations ntawm Japanese kos duab nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ua hauj lwm. Xyoo 1925 nws tau mus rau Australia thiab New Zealand, los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau Honolulu. Txog thaum nruab nrab-30s, nws yog kab tias tus neeg ntaus nkauj nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Kreisler yog ib tug ardent anti-fascist. Nws tau txiav txim siab rau kev tsim txom hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes los ntawm Bruno Walter, Klemperer, Busch, thiab categorically tsis kam mus rau lub tebchaws no "txog rau txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam, tsis hais lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb, kev ntseeg thiab haiv neeg twg, los xyaum lawv cov txuj ci tsis hloov pauv hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees qhov tseeb. ” Yog li ntawd nws thiaj sau ntawv rau Wilhelm Furtwängler.

Nrog kev ntxhov siab, nws ua raws li kev sib kis ntawm fascism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab thaum Austria raug yuam kom koom nrog fascist Reich, nws hla (hauv 1939) rau hauv kev ua pej xeem Fab Kis. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, Kreisler nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tag nrho nws txoj kev khuv leej yog nyob rau sab ntawm cov tub rog tawm tsam fascist. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws tseem muab concerts, txawm tias lub xyoo twb pib ua rau lawv tus kheej xav.

Lub Plaub Hlis 27, 1941, thaum hla txoj kev hauv New York, nws raug lub tsheb sib tsoo. Tau ntau hnub tus kws kos duab zoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm txoj sia thiab kev tuag, hauv kev xav tsis thoob nws tsis paub cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws. Txawm li cas los xij, hmoov zoo, nws lub cev tiv thaiv tus kab mob, thiab xyoo 1942 Kreisler tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau kev ua yeeb yam. Nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam kawg tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1949. Txawm li cas los xij, rau lub sijhawm ntev tom qab tawm ntawm theem, Kreisler tau nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg ntaus suab paj nruag hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv sib txuas lus nrog nws, sab laj nrog ib tug ntshiab, incorruptible "conscience of art."

Kreisler nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag tsis yog tsuas yog ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj yog tus thawj composer. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim yog cov khoom me me (kwv yees li 45 plays). Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: ib qho muaj cov khoom me me hauv Viennese style, lwm qhov - ua raws li cov classics ntawm 2th-2th centuries. Kreisler sim nws txhais tes hauv daim ntawv loj. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm loj yog 1917 hneev quartets thiab 1932 operettas "Apple Blossom" thiab "Zizi"; thawj zaug tau tsim nyob rau hauv 11, qhov thib ob hauv xyoo 1918. Lub premiere ntawm "Apple Blossom" tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1932, XNUMX hauv New York, "Zizi" - hauv Vienna thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis XNUMX. Kreisler's operettas tau ua tiav zoo.

Kreisler muaj ntau cov ntawv sau tseg (tshaj 60!). Qee tus ntawm lawv yog tsim los rau cov neeg tuaj saib tsis tau npaj thiab cov menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam, thaum lwm tus yog kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Elegance, colourfulness, violinism muab rau lawv nrog tshwj xeeb muaj koob meej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev tsim cov ntawv sau ntawm hom tshiab, pub dawb ntawm kev ua qauv, originality thiab feem ntau "Kreisler" suab. Nws cov ntawv sau suav nrog ntau yam haujlwm los ntawm Schumann, Dvorak, Granados, Rimsky-Korsakov, Cyril Scott thiab lwm tus.

Lwm yam kev muaj tswv yim muaj tswv yim yog kev kho dawb. Cov no yog Paganini cov kev hloov pauv ("Tus Dab", "J Palpiti"), "Foglia" los ntawm Corelli, Tartini's Variations ntawm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm Corelli hauv kev ua thiab kho ntawm Kreisler, thiab lwm yam. Nws cov keeb kwm suav nrog cadenzas rau concertos los ntawm Beethoven, Brahms, Paganini, Tartini's sonata dab ntxwg nyoog. "

Kreisler yog ib tug neeg kawm ntawv - nws paub Latin thiab Greek zoo kawg nkaus, nws nyeem Iliad los ntawm Homer thiab Virgil hauv cov ntawv qub. Ntau npaum li cas nws towered saum cov qib dav dav ntawm violinists, muab nws me me, tsis siab dhau lub sijhawm ntawd, tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm nws qhov kev sib tham nrog Misha Elman. Pom Iliad ntawm nws lub rooj, Elman nug Kreisler:

- Puas yog qhov no hauv Hebrew?

Tsis yog, hauv Greek.

- Qhov no puas zoo?

- Siab heev!

– Puas muaj lus Askiv?

- Tau kawg.

Cov lus, raws li lawv hais, yog superfluous.

Kreisler khaws qhov kev lom zem thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Ib zaug, – hais tias Elman, – Kuv nug nws: leej twg ntawm cov violinists nws hnov ​​ua rau lub siab xav rau nws? Kreisler teb tsis muaj hesitation: Venyavsky! Nrog kua muag hauv nws lub qhov muag, nws tam sim ntawd pib piav qhia txog nws qhov kev ua si, thiab ua li ntawd Elman kuj ua rau lub kua muag zoo. Rov qab los tsev, Elman ntsia mus rau hauv Grove phau ntawv txhais lus thiab ... ua kom paub tseeb tias Venyavsky tuag thaum Kreisler tsuas yog 5 xyoos xwb.

Nyob rau lwm lub sijhawm, tig mus rau Elman, Kreisler pib ua kom nws paub tseeb, tsis muaj duab ntxoov ntxoo luag ntxhi, tias thaum Paganini ua si ob qho tib si, qee tus ntaus nkauj violin, thaum lwm tus xuav. Rau kev yaum, nws tau qhia tias Paganini ua li cas.

Kreisler tau ua siab zoo thiab siab dav. Nws tau muab nws cov txiaj ntsig feem ntau rau kev ua siab zoo. Tom qab kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv Metropolitan Opera thaum Lub Peb Hlis 27, 1927, nws tau pub tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los, uas yog ntau npaum li $ 26, rau American Cancer League. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 000, nws tau saib xyuas 43 tus menyuam ntsuag ntawm nws cov phooj ywg hauv caj npab; Tuaj txog hauv Berlin xyoo 1924, nws tau caw 60 ntawm cov menyuam yaus txom nyem tshaj plaws rau Christmas tog. XNUMX tau tshwm sim. "Kuv txoj kev lag luam mus zoo!" nws qw, npuaj teg.

Nws txoj kev txhawj xeeb rau tib neeg tau qhia tag nrho los ntawm nws tus poj niam. Thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib XNUMX, Kreisler tau xa cov khoom noj los ntawm Asmeskas mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Ib txhia ntawm cov bales raug nyiag lawm. Thaum qhov no tau tshaj tawm rau Harriet Kreisler, nws tseem nyob ntsiag to: tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias tus neeg nyiag ua nws, hauv nws lub tswv yim, pub rau nws tsev neeg.

Twb yog ib tug txiv neej laus, nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev tawm ntawm theem, uas yog, thaum nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau suav rau nws lub peev, nws muag lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv sau thiab ntau yam khoom plig uas nws tau sau nrog kev hlub thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej rau 120. txhiab 372 duas las thiab faib cov nyiaj no ntawm ob lub koom haum pabcuam Asmeskas. Nws tsis tu ncua pab nws cov txheeb ze, thiab nws tus cwj pwm ntawm cov npoj yaig tuaj yeem hu ua tus neeg siab tawv tiag tiag. Thaum Yauxej Segeti thawj zaug tuaj rau Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 1925, nws xav tsis thoob los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm cov pej xeem. Nws hloov tawm tias ua ntej nws tuaj txog, Kreisler tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm uas nws tau nthuav qhia nws tias yog tus kws ntaus nkauj zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev, hlub kev simplicity ntawm lwm tus thiab tsis txaj muag ntawm tib neeg txhua. Nws mob siab rau nws txoj kev kos duab kom ncav cuag txhua tus. Muaj ib hnub, hais tias Lochner, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj Askiv, Kreisler tau tawm ntawm lub nkoj mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nws tau tos ntev heev, thiab nws txiav txim siab tias nws yuav zoo rau tua lub sijhawm yog tias nws muab kev hais kwv txhiaj me me. Nyob rau hauv chav txias thiab tu siab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, Kreisler tau muab lub violin tawm ntawm nws rooj plaub thiab ua si rau cov tub ceev xwm kev lis kev cai, cov miners thee, thiab dockers. Thaum nws tiav lawm, nws qhia kev cia siab tias lawv nyiam nws cov duab.

Kreisler txoj kev ua siab zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nkauj ua yeeb yam tsuas yog muab piv nrog Thibaut txoj kev siab zoo. Kreisler ua tsaug rau qhov kev vam meej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab, ntseeg tias ntau tus ntawm lawv tau ua tiav, yog tias tsis yog kev txawj ntse, ces qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm Paganini. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev qhuas, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog xa mus rau cov txheej txheem: "Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau yooj yim txhua yam uas tau sau rau qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau cov twj paj nruag, thiab qhov no yog qhov kev ua tiav zoo hauv keeb kwm ntawm instrumental music. Tab sis los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev txawj txhais lus thiab lub zog tsis meej uas yog lub xov tooj cua ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo, hauv qhov kev hwm no peb lub hnub nyoog tsis txawv ntawm lwm lub hnub nyoog. "

Kreisler tau txais qub txeeg qub teg los ntawm lub xyoo pua 29th ntawm lub siab dawb paug, kev ntseeg kev sib hlub ntawm tib neeg, hauv cov hom phiaj siab. Hauv nws daim duab, raws li Pencherl tau hais zoo, muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev ntxim nyiam, Latin clarity thiab Viennese kev xav li niaj zaus. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv cov compositions thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Kreisler, ntau ntau tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau kev zoo nkauj ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Ntau yam koom nrog yav dhau los. Tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab tias nws daim duab tau tsim ib lub sijhawm tag nrho hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb violin kab lis kev cai. Tias yog vim li cas cov xov xwm ntawm nws tuag thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1962, XNUMX plunged musicians thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no mus rau hauv kev tu siab heev. Ib tug kws kos duab thiab ib tug txiv neej zoo, uas nws lub cim xeeb yuav nyob rau ntau pua xyoo, tau tas sim neej.

L. Raaben