Zaj Lus Qhia 1

Yuav kom nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag thiab kev paub txog suab paj nruag, peb yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub suab yog dab tsi. Qhov tseeb, suab yog lub hauv paus ntawm suab paj nruag, tsis muaj nws suab paj nruag yuav ua tsis tau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau txais ib lub tswv yim hais txog lub kaw lus-octave. Qhov no yog txhua yam ncaj qha ntsig txog cov khoom ntawm lub suab.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, hauv thawj zaj lus qhia peb muaj qhov kev pabcuam dav dav tos peb, thiab peb paub tseeb tias koj yuav tiv nrog nws! Yog li cia peb pib.

Lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub suab

Ua ntej, cia peb kawm cov khoom ntawm lub suab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm physics:

suab - Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev, uas yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob yoj kev co uas nthuav tawm hauv ib qho nruab nrab, feem ntau hauv huab cua.

Lub suab muaj lub cev muaj zog: suab, lub zog (nruab), suab spectrum (timbre).

Basic Physical Properties ntawm suab:

Lo lus "overtone" los ntawm ob lo lus Askiv: dhau - "saum toj", lub suab - "tone". Los ntawm lawv qhov ntxiv, lo lus overtone lossis "overtone" tau txais. Tib neeg kev hnov ​​​​lus muaj peev xwm pom tau lub suab nrog qhov zaus ntawm 16-20 hertz (Hz) thiab ntim ntawm 000-10 dB.

Txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev taug kev, cia peb hais tias 10 dB yog rustle, thiab 130 dB yog lub suab ntawm lub dav hlau tawm, yog tias koj hnov ​​nws ze. 120-130 dB yog theem ntawm qhov mob pib, thaum nws twb tsis xis nyob rau tib neeg pob ntseg hnov ​​lub suab.

Hais txog qhov siab, qhov ntau ntawm 30 Hz txog li 4000 Hz yog pom zoo. Peb yuav rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus no thaum peb tham txog cov suab paj nruag thiab cov nplai. Tam sim no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub suab thiab lub suab nrov yog qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, cia peb tham txog cov khoom ntawm suab paj nruag.

Suab paj nruag vaj tse

Lub suab paj nruag txawv li cas? Qhov no yog ib lub suab nrog zoo tib yam thiab uniformly rov hais dua (piv txwv li periodic) yoj oscillations. Lub suab uas tsis yog-periodic, piv txwv li qhov sib npaug thiab tsis sib npaug ntawm kev vibrations, tsis yog cov suab paj nruag. Cov no yog suab nrov, xuav, quaj qw, rustling, roaring, squeaking thiab ntau lwm yam suab.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, suab paj nruag muaj tag nrho cov khoom zoo ib yam li lwm yam, piv txwv li muaj suab nrov, nrov nrov, timbre, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom no tso cai rau peb faib cov suab raws li suab paj nruag. Dab tsi ntxiv, ntxiv rau lub sijhawm, tseem ceeb rau lub suab paj nruag?

Ua ntej, tsis yog tag nrho cov suab nrov yog suav tias yog suab paj nruag, uas peb yuav tham txog ntau yam ntxiv tom qab. Thib ob, rau lub suab paj nruag, nws lub sijhawm tseem ceeb. Qhov no los yog lub suab lub sij hawm ntawm ib qhov siab tso cai rau koj hais txog lub suab paj nruag los yog, conversely, tawm lub suab du. Lub suab luv luv ntawm qhov kawg tso cai rau koj tso cov ntsiab lus hauv cov suab paj nruag, thiab ib qho ntev - kom tawm ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv cov neeg mloog.

Qhov tseeb, lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov nthwv dej oscillations. Lub nthwv dej ntev dua mus, lub suab ntev dua. Txhawm rau nkag siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub suab paj nruag thiab nws cov yam ntxwv, nws tsim nyog nyob ntawm qhov zoo li lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab paj nruag.

Qhov chaw ntawm suab paj nruag

Yog hais tias lub suab yog tsim los ntawm lub suab paj nruag, nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tsis nyob ntawm txhua txoj kev ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub suab. Lub suab ntawm qhov xav tau suab yuav mus raws nraim li ntev li ntev tau ntev li ntev tau koj tuav tus yuam sij xav tau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub suab ntawm lub ntim ntim yuav txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum koj txo lossis nce qhov ntim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob guitar suab combo amplifier.

Yog tias peb tham txog lub suab hu nkauj, ces cov khoom ntawm lub suab paj nruag sib cuam tshuam ntau dua. Thaum twg nws yooj yim dua kom lub suab ntawm qhov siab zoo yam tsis poob nws lub zog? Tom qab ntawd, thaum koj rub lub suab rau lub sijhawm ntev lossis thaum koj xav tau muab nws tso rau ib pliag? Txhawm rau kos lub suab paj nruag rau lub sijhawm ntev tsis poob lub suab zoo, nws qhov siab thiab lub zog yog ib qho tshwj xeeb kos duab. Yog tias koj xav nrhiav lub suab zoo nkauj thiab kawm hu nkauj, peb xav kom koj kawm peb cov chav kawm online "Voice and Speech Development".

Suab paj nruag system thiab nplai

Rau kev nkag siab tob txog cov khoom ntawm cov suab paj nruag, peb xav tau ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntxiv. Tshwj xeeb, xws li cov suab paj nruag thiab cov nplai:

Cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub no suav nrog 88 lub suab ntawm qhov siab sib txawv. Lawv tuaj yeem raug tua nyob rau hauv ascending los yog descending kev txiav txim. Qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub suab paj nruag thiab cov nplai yog lub piano keyboard.

88 tus yuam sij piano (36 dub thiab 52 dawb - peb mam li piav qhia vim li cas tom qab) npog lub suab ntawm 27,5 Hz txog 4186 Hz. Xws li acoustic muaj peev xwm txaus los ua cov suab paj nruag uas yooj yim rau tib neeg pob ntseg. Lub suab sab nraum qhov no yog xyaum tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag niaj hnub.

Qhov ntsuas tau tsim los ntawm qee yam tsis tu ncua. Lub suab uas nws zaus sib txawv ntawm 2 zaug (2 zaug siab dua lossis qis dua) tau pom los ntawm pob ntseg zoo ib yam. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev taw qhia, cov ntsiab lus xws li cov kauj ruam, octave, suab nrov thiab semitone tau qhia rau hauv txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag.

Scale cov kauj ruam, octave, suab nrov thiab semitone

Txhua lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub nplai yog hu ua kauj ruam. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov suab zoo sib xws ( teev cov kauj ruam) uas txawv qhov siab los ntawm 2 zaug yog hu ua octave. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov suab uas nyob ib sab (cov kauj ruam) yog semitone. Semitones nyob rau hauv ib qho octave yog sib npaug (nco, qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb). Ob semitones tsim ib lub suab.

Cov npe tau raug xa mus rau cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas. Cov no yog "do", "re", "mi", "fa", "sol", "la", "si". Raws li koj nkag siab, cov no yog 7 daim ntawv uas peb tau paub txij thaum yau. Ntawm cov keyboard piano, lawv tuaj yeem pom los ntawm nias yuam sij dawb:

Tsis txhob saib cov lej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv Latin tsis tau. Saib ntawm cov keyboard thiab cov kauj ruam kos npe ntawm qhov ntsuas, lawv kuj yog sau ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias muaj 52 tus yuam sij dawb, thiab tsuas yog 7 lub npe ntawm cov kauj ruam. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb vim qhov tseeb tias cov kauj ruam uas muaj lub suab zoo sib xws vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab los ntawm 2 lub sij hawm raug muab cov npe tib yam.

Yog tias peb nias 7 tus yuam sij piano ua ke, tus yuam sij thib 8 yuav muaj npe raws nraim li qhov peb nias thawj zaug. Thiab, raws li, los tsim ib lub suab zoo sib xws, tab sis ntawm ob zaug qhov siab los yog tsawg dua qhov siab, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev taw qhia peb tau tsiv mus. Qhov tseeb tuning zaus ntawm lub piano tuaj yeem pom hauv lub rooj tshwj xeeb.

Ib qho kev qhia meej ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog xav tau ntawm no. Ib qho octave tsis yog hais txog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov suab zoo sib xws (cov kauj ruam), uas txawv ntawm qhov siab los ntawm 2 zaug, tab sis kuj yog 12 semitones ntawm daim ntawv "rau".

Koj tuaj yeem pom lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "octave" siv hauv kev xav suab paj nruag. Tab sis, vim hais tias lub hom phiaj ntawm peb cov chav kawm yog muab cov hauv paus ntawm kev paub suab paj nruag, peb yuav tsis nkag siab txog kev xav, tab sis yuav txwv peb tus kheej rau kev paub txog kev paub uas koj yuav tsum tau kawm suab paj nruag thiab suab.

Txhawm rau kom meej meej thiab piav qhia ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus, peb yuav rov siv lub piano keyboard thiab pom tias octave yog 7 tus yuam sij dawb thiab 5 tus yuam sij dub.

Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau cov yuam sij dub ntawm lub piano

Ntawm no peb, raws li tau cog lus ua ntej, yuav piav qhia vim li cas lub piano muaj 52 tus yuam sij dawb thiab tsuas yog 36 tus dub xwb. Qhov no yuav pab koj nkag siab zoo txog cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov teev thiab semitones. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov kev ncua deb hauv semitones ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas sib txawv. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov kauj ruam (cov ntawv sau) "rau" thiab "re", "re" thiab "mi" peb pom 2 semitones, piv txwv li tus yuam sij dub ntawm ob tus yuam sij dawb, thiab nruab nrab ntawm "mi" thiab "fa" tsuas muaj 1. semitone, piv txwv li cov yuam sij dawb yog sib law liag. Ib yam li ntawd, tsuas muaj 1 semitone ntawm "si" thiab "ua" cov kauj ruam.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 5 kauj ruam (sau ntawv) muaj nrug ntawm 2 semitones, thiab ob kauj ruam (sau ntawv) muaj ib tug deb ntawm 1 semitone. Nws hloov tawm cov nram qab no arithmetic:

Yog li peb tau txais 12 semitones hauv octave. Lub piano keyboard tuav 7 tag nrho octaves thiab 4 semitones ntxiv: 3 ntawm sab laug (qhov twg lub suab qis tshaj) thiab 1 ntawm sab xis (lub suab siab). Peb suav txhua yam semitones thiab cov yuam sijlub luag haujlwm rau lawv:

Yog li peb tau txais tag nrho cov lej piano. Peb to taub ntxiv. Peb twb kawm lawm tias muaj 7 tus yuam sij dawb thiab 5 tus yuam sij dub hauv txhua qhov octave. Tshaj tag nrho 7 octaves, peb muaj 3 ntxiv dawb thiab 1 tus yuam sij dub. Peb suav ua ntej yuam sij dawb:

Tam sim no peb suav cov yuam sij dub:

Nov yog peb 36 tus yuam sij dub thiab 52 tus yuam sij dawb.

Nws zoo nkaus li tias koj tau pom cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov teev, octaves, tones thiab semitones. Nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv no, raws li nws yuav los ua ke hauv zaj lus qhia tom ntej, thaum peb txav mus rau kev kawm ntxaws txog cov suab paj nruag. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv no yuav xav tau hauv zaj lus qhia kawg, thaum peb kawm ntaus piano.

Cia peb qhia meej ib qho ntxiv. Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov nplai yog tib yam rau txhua lub suab paj nruag, txawm tias lawv tau muab rho tawm siv piano, guitar lossis hu nkauj lub suab. Peb siv lub piano keyboard los piav qhia cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwb vim muaj qhov pom tseeb dua.

Ib yam li ntawd, peb yuav siv lub piano kom nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem sau ntawv-octave kom ntxaws ntxiv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua hauv zaj lus qhia niaj hnub no, vim. nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no peb yuav mus rau lub suab paj nruag notation thiab notation ntawm sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub stave.

Nco tseg-octave system

Feem ntau, qhov ntau ntawm cov suab uas muaj peev xwm hnov ​​tau rau tib neeg lub pob ntseg npog yuav luag 11 octaves. Vim tias peb cov chav kawm yog mob siab rau kev paub suab paj nruag, peb tsuas yog nyiam cov suab paj nruag, piv txwv li txog 9 octaves. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev nco qab octaves thiab lawv cov suab sib xws, peb pom zoo kom mus los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, piv txwv li los ntawm cov suab nrov mus rau qis. Lub suab nyob rau hauv hertz rau txhua octave yuav qhia nyob rau hauv lub binary system kom yooj yim nco.

Octaves (npe) thiab ntau yam:

Nws ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los xav txog lwm cov octaves hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Yog li, daim ntawv siab tshaj plaws rau cov txiv neej yog F ntse ntawm 5th octave (5989 Hz), thiab cov ntaub ntawv no tau teeb tsa los ntawm Amirhossein Molai thaum Lub Xya Hli 31, 2019 hauv Tehran (Iran) [Guinness World Records, 2019]. Singer Dimash los ntawm Kazakhstan ncav cuag daim ntawv "re" hauv 5th octave (4698 Hz). Thiab lub suab nrog qhov siab qis dua 16 Hz tsis tuaj yeem pom los ntawm tib neeg pob ntseg. Koj tuaj yeem kawm cov lus ua tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv rau cov zaus thiab octaves ntawm daim duab hauv qab no:

Daim ntawv thib 1 ntawm thawj octave yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntshav, piv txwv li ceeb toom "ua", thiab ntsuab - ceeb toom "la" ntawm thawj octave. Nws yog nyob ntawm nws, piv txwv li mus rau ib zaus ntawm 440 Hz, los ntawm lub neej ntawd tag nrho cov tuners rau ntsuas lub suab yog pre-ntsia.

Sau ntawv hauv octave: xaiv xaiv

Niaj hnub no, ntau txoj kev yog siv los qhia txog cov khoom ntawm ib daim ntawv (pitch) rau txawv octaves. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog sau cov npe ntawm cov ntawv raws li lawv: "ua", "re", "mi", "fa", "sol", "la", "si".

Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog lub npe hu ua "Helmholtz notation". Txoj kev no suav nrog kev tsim cov ntawv sau hauv cov ntawv Latin, thiab koom nrog octave - hauv cov lej. Cia peb pib nrog cov ntawv sau.

Helmholtz zaj nkauj:

Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv "si" tuaj yeem sawv cev tsis yog los ntawm tsab ntawv B, tab sis los ntawm tsab ntawv H. Tsab ntawv H yog ib txwm siv rau cov suab paj nruag classic, thaum tsab ntawv B yog qhov kev xaiv niaj hnub. Hauv peb chav kawm, koj yuav pom ob qho kev hloov pauv, yog li nco ntsoov tias ob qho tib si B thiab H sawv rau "si".

Tam sim no mus rau octaves. Cov ntawv sau nyob rau hauv thawj mus rau thib tsib octaves yog sau ua ntawv Latin me me thiab qhia los ntawm cov lej los ntawm 1 txog 5. Cov ntawv sau ntawm me me octave yog cov ntawv Latin me me uas tsis muaj lej. Nco ntsoov lub koom haum: me octave – me me ntawv. Cov ntawv sau ntawm octave loj yog sau rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv Latin. Nco ntsoov: loj octave - cov ntawv loj. Cov ntawv sau ntawm contra-octave thiab sub-contra-octave yog sau ua cov tsiaj ntawv loj thiab cov lej 1 thiab 2, feem.

Cov ntawv sau hauv octaves raws li Helmholtz:

Yog tias leej twg xav tsis thoob vim li cas thawj daim ntawv ntawm octave tsis qhia los ntawm thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Latin, peb yuav qhia rau koj tias ib zaug dhau los lub sijhawm suav rov pib nrog daim ntawv "la", tom qab uas lub npe A tau kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd lawv tau txiav txim siab pib suav octave los ntawm daim ntawv "rau", uas twb tau muab lub npe C. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cov suab paj nruag, peb tau txiav txim siab khaws cov ntawv sau ntawv raws li lawv.

Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog Helmholtz cov lus sau tseg thiab lwm cov tswv yim hauv nws txoj haujlwm, muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab hauv lub npe "Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm kev hnov ​​​​lus zoo li lub hauv paus rau lub cev rau txoj kev xav ntawm suab paj nruag" [G. Helmholtz, 2013].

Thiab thaum kawg, cov ntawv sau tshawb fawb, uas tau tsim los ntawm American Acoustic Society hauv xyoo 1939 thiab tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hnub no. Cov ntawv sau tau qhia los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv loj Latin, thiab koom nrog octave - los ntawm cov lej ntawm 0 txog 8.

Kev sau ntawv:

Thov nco ntsoov tias cov lej tsis phim cov npe ntawm octaves los ntawm thawj mus rau thib tsib. Qhov xwm txheej no feem ntau ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb rau cov kws ntaus nkauj. Yog li ntawd, thaum muaj kev tsis ntseeg, nco ntsoov xyuas lub suab thiab suab ntawm daim ntawv nrog lub tuner. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, rub tawm Pano Tuner daim ntawv thov mobile thiab tso cai rau nws nkag mus rau lub microphone.

Nws tseem yuav ntxiv tias thawj zaug cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lub Xya Hli qhov teeb meem ntawm Phau ntawv Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (Journal of the Acoustical Society of America) [The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1939] .

Tam sim no cia peb sau tag nrho tam sim no lees txais cov ntawv sau npe rau txhua octave. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, peb yuav rov ua dua daim duab uas twb paub lawm rau koj nrog cov keyboard piano thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm qhov ntsuas (sau ntawv), tab sis nrog kev pom zoo kom ua tib zoo mloog. numeric thiab alphabetic designations:

Thiab, thaum kawg, rau kev nkag siab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag, peb yuav tsum nkag siab ntau yam ntawm cov suab nrov thiab semitones.

Ntau yam ntawm tones thiab semitones

Cia peb hais tam sim ntawd los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau koj rau kev ntaus suab paj nruag lossis qhia suab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus hais txog hom tones thiab semitones tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim txog lawv kom tsis txhob nyob hauv lub sijhawm tsis nkag siab thaum nyeem ntawv lossis kawm tob txog cov khoom siv suab paj nruag.

Tone (hom):

Halftone (hom):

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov npe tau rov ua dua, yog li nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau nco qab. Yog li, cia peb xav txog nws!

Diatonic semitone (hom):

Qee qhov piv txwv koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm daim duab:

Chromatic semitone (hom):

Diatonic suab (hom):

Chromatic suab (hom):

Cia peb qhia meej tias cov piv txwv raug coj los ntawm phau ntawv kawm los ntawm Varfolomey Vakhromeev "Elementary Theory of Music" thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub piano keyboard kom meej, vim hais tias. peb yuav kawm lub stave nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv zaj lus qhia tom ntej, thiab peb xav tau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub suab thiab semitone twb tam sim no [V. Vakhromeev, 1961]. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, peb yuav rov hais dua mus rau tej hauj lwm ntawm no zoo Lavxias teb sab xib fwb thiab musicologist thoob plaws hauv peb chav kawm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv 1984, ob peb lub hlis ua ntej nws tuag, Varfolomey Vakhromeev tau muab tsub lub Order ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Equal-to-the-Apostles tub huabtais Vladimir ntawm lub thib ob degree rau lub "Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub Koom Txoos hu nkauj" nws muab tso ua ke rau theological tsev kawm ntawv. ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox ntawm Russia. Phau ntawv kawm tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev luam tawm tom qab nws tuag [V. Vakhromeev, 2].

Qhov nce ntawm 2 semitones yog qhia los ntawm ob chav ntse los yog ob chav ntse, qhov txo qis ntawm 2 semitones qhia los ntawm ob chav tiaj tus lossis ob chav tiaj tus. Rau ob lub ntsej muag muaj lub cim tshwj xeeb, zoo ib yam li tus ntoo khaub lig, tab sis, vim nws nyuaj rau khaws nws ntawm cov keyboard, cov ntawv sau ♯♯ lossis tsuas yog ob phaus kos npe ## tuaj yeem siv. Nws yooj yim dua nrog ob lub tiaj tiaj, lawv sau 2 ♭♭ cov paib lossis cov ntawv Latin bb.

Thiab thaum kawg, qhov kawg uas koj yuav tsum tau tham txog hauv lub ntsiab lus "Cov khoom ntawm lub suab" yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov suab. Koj tau kawm ua ntej tias semitones hauv octave yog sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, lub suab qis dua los ntawm semitone txheeb ze rau cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yuav sib npaug hauv suab mus rau lub suab tsa los ntawm semitone txheeb ze rau cov kauj ruam uas yog ob semitones qis dua.

Cias muab, A-flat (A♭) thiab G-sharp (G♯) ntawm tib lub suab octave zoo ib yam. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho octave, G-flat (G♭) thiab F-sharp (F♯), E-flat (E♭) thiab D-sharp (D♯), D-flat (D♭) thiab mus txog. -sharp (С♯), thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim thaum lub suab ntawm tib qhov siab muaj cov npe sib txawv thiab qhia los ntawm cov cim sib txawv yog hu ua anharmonicity ntawm lub suab.

Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nkag siab, peb tau ua kom pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov kauj ruam (cov ntawv sau), ntawm cov uas muaj 2 semitones. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, thaum tsuas muaj 1 semitone ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb, qhov no tsis tshua pom tseeb. Piv txwv li, F-flat (F♭) yog ntshiab E (E), thiab E-ntse (E♯) yog ntshiab F (F). Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag, xws li cov npe xws li F-flat (F♭) thiab E-sharp (E♯) kuj tuaj yeem pom. Tam sim no koj paub tias lawv txhais li cas.

Niaj hnub no koj tau kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm lub suab feem ntau thiab cov khoom ntawm cov suab paj nruag tshwj xeeb. Koj tau hais txog cov suab paj nruag thiab nplai, nplai cov kauj ruam, octaves, tones thiab semitones. Koj kuj tau nkag siab txog lub kaw lus-octave thiab tam sim no npaj txhij mus xeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm zaj lus qhia, uas peb tau suav nrog cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ua tau zoo.

Kev xeem kev nkag siab

Yog tias koj xav sim koj qhov kev paub ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia no, koj tuaj yeem xeem luv luv uas muaj ntau cov lus nug. Tsuas yog 1 qhov kev xaiv tuaj yeem raug rau txhua nqe lus nug. Tom qab koj xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv, lub kaw lus cia li txav mus rau cov lus nug tom ntej. Cov ntsiab lus koj tau txais yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm koj cov lus teb thiab lub sijhawm siv dhau mus. Thov nco ntsoov tias cov lus nug txawv txhua lub sijhawm, thiab cov kev xaiv tau hloov pauv.

Thiab tam sim no peb tig mus rau kev tsom xam ntawm cov suab paj nruag cim.