Балис Дварионас (Balys Dvarionas) |

Balys Dvarionas

B. Dvarionas, ib tug txawj ntse artist, composer, pianist, conductor, xib fwb, ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lithuanian suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai. Nws txoj haujlwm yog inextricably txuas nrog Lithuanian pej xeem suab paj nruag. Nws yog nws leej twg txiav txim siab melodiousness ntawm suab paj nruag lus ntawm Dvarionas, raws li intonations ntawm pej xeem nkauj; simplicity thiab clarity ntawm daim ntawv, harmonic xav; rhapsodic, kev nthuav qhia improvisational. Composer txoj hauj lwm ntawm Dvarionas organically ua ke nrog nws cov kev ua ub no. Xyoo 1924 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Leipzig Conservatory hauv piano nrog R. Teichmüller, tom qab ntawd txhim kho nrog E. Petri. Los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm xyoo nws tau ua yeeb yam pianoist, ncig xyuas Fabkis, Hungary, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Switzerland, thiab Sweden.

Dvarionas tau coj tag nrho lub galaxy ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam - los ntawm 1926 nws tau qhia chav kawm piano ntawm Kaunas Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Suab Nkauj, los ntawm 1933 - ntawm Kaunas Conservatory. Los ntawm 1949 mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej nws yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub Lithuanian State Conservatory. Dvarionas kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev coj ua. Twb yog tus thawj coj paub tab, nws tawm mus xeem nrog G. Abendroth hauv Leipzig (1939). Tus thawj coj N. Malko, uas tau mus ncig hauv Kaunas thaum ntxov 30s, tau hais txog Dvarionas: "Nws yog ib tus neeg tsav tsheb uas muaj peev xwm los ntawm lub cev, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag, paub txog yam xav tau thiab dab tsi tuaj yeem thov los ntawm lub suab paj nruag muab rau nws." Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Dvarionas los txhawb lub teb chaws kev suab paj nruag: ib tug ntawm cov thawj Lithuanian conductors, nws teem nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Lithuanian composers tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lithuania, tab sis thoob plaws hauv lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws yog thawj tus ua zaj paj huam "Lub Hiav Txwv" los ntawm MK Čiurlionis, suav nrog hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm nws concerts tej hauj lwm ntawm J. Gruodis, J. Karnavičius, J. Tallat-Kelpsa, A. Raciunas thiab lwm yam. Dvarionas kuj ua hauj lwm los ntawm Lavxias teb sab, Soviet thiab txawv teb chaws composers. Nyob rau hauv 1936, D. Shostakovich Thawj Symphony tau ua nyob rau hauv bourgeois Lithuania raws li nws cov kev taw qhia. Xyoo 1940, Dvarionas tau teeb tsa thiab coj mus rau Vilnius City Symphony Orchestra, hauv 40-50s. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lithuanian Philharmonic Orchestra, tus thawj coj ntawm Republican Song Festivals. “Cov nkauj ua rau tib neeg zoo siab. Kev xyiv fab, txawm li cas los xij, ua rau muaj zog rau lub neej, rau kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim, ”Dvarionas tau sau tom qab Vilnius lub nroog nkauj ua yeeb yam xyoo 1959. Dvarionas, tus thawj coj, tau tham nrog cov kws ntaus nkauj loj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub xyoo pua: S. Prokofiev, I. Hoffman, A. Rubinstein, E. Petri, E. Gilels, G. Neuhaus.

Thawj qhov ua haujlwm loj ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yog tus ntaus pob "Matchmaking" (1931). Ua ke nrog J. Gruodis, tus sau tus ntaus pob ntaus pob Jurate thiab Kastytis, thiab V. Batsevicius, uas tau sau tus neeg ntaus pob tesniv Nyob rau hauv lub Whirlwind of Dance, Dvarionas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm hom no nyob rau hauv Lithuanian suab paj nruag. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tom ntej no yog "Festive Overture" (1946), tseem hu ua "Ntawm Amber Shore". Nyob rau hauv daim duab orchestral no, ua yeeb yam impetuous, impetuous ntsiab alternate rhapsodically nrog lyrical sawv daws yuav raws li folklore intonations.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 30th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Tsov Rog, Dvarionas tau sau Symphony hauv E minor, thawj Lithuanian symphony. Nws cov ntsiab lus yog txiav txim los ntawm lub epigraph: "Kuv nyo rau kuv lub teb chaws." Qhov no symphonic canvas yog permeated nrog kev hlub rau haiv neeg, rau nws cov neeg. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm Symphony yog ze rau zaj nkauj thiab seev cev Lithuanian lus dab neeg.

Ib xyoos tom qab, ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Dvarionas tau tshwm sim - Concerto rau Violin thiab Orchestra (1948), uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws. Kev nkag mus ntawm Lithuanian kev tshaj lij suab paj nruag rau hauv tag nrho-Union thiab thoob ntiaj teb arena txuas nrog rau txoj haujlwm no. Saturating cov ntaub ntawm Concerto nrog pej xeem-suab nkauj intonations, tus composer embodies nyob rau hauv nws cov kev lig kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua lyric-romantic concert. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg captivates nrog melodism, generosity ntawm kaleidoscopically hloov thematic cov ntaub ntawv. Cov qhab nia ntawm Concerto yog qhov tseeb thiab pob tshab. Dvarionas siv ntawm no cov nkauj pej xeem "Autumn Morning" thiab "Npaj, Npis" (qhov thib ob tau kaw los ntawm tus kws sau nws tus kheej).

Xyoo 1950, Dvarionas, ua ke nrog tus kws sau nkauj I. Svyadas, tau sau National Anthem ntawm Lithuanian SSR rau cov lus ntawm A. Venclova. Lub instrumental concerto ib hom ntawv yog sawv cev hauv Dvarionas txoj haujlwm los ntawm peb txoj haujlwm ntxiv. Cov no yog 2 concertos rau nws nyiam ntaus piano (1960, 1962) thiab Concerto rau horn thiab orchestra (1963). Thawj piano concerto yog ib qho kev xav zoo siab rau lub 20th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet Lithuania. Cov khoom siv thematic ntawm lub concerto yog thawj, 4 qhov chaw, rau tag nrho lawv qhov sib txawv, tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov ntsiab lus muaj feem xyuam raws li cov khoom siv pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib feem 1 thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg, ib tug hloov siab lees txim ntawm lub Lithuanian pej xeem song "Au, lub teeb yog hlawv" suab. Cov yeeb yuj orchestration ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg teev tawm ntawm solo piano ib feem. Timbre ob peb ua ke yog inventive, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub qeeb 3rd ib feem ntawm lub concerto, lub piano suab contrapuntally nyob rau hauv ib tug duet nrog ib tug Fabkis horn. Nyob rau hauv lub concerto, tus composer siv nws txoj kev nyiam ntawm kev nthuav tawm - rhapsody, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom meej meej manifested nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub 1st zog. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ntau lub sijhawm ntawm ib hom kev seev cev ua yeeb yam, reminiscent ntawm pej xeem sutartines.

Qhov thib ob piano concerto tau sau rau soloist thiab chamber orchestra, nws yog nplooj siab rau cov hluas, uas yog tus tswv yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1954, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum ntawm Lithuanian ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab nyob rau hauv Moscow, Dvarionas 'cantata "Nyob zoo rau Moscow" (nyob rau hauv lub st. T. Tilvitis) tau ua rau baritone, mix hu nkauj thiab orchestra. Txoj hauj lwm no tau los ua ib hom kev npaj rau ib qho kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm Dvarionas - "Dalia" (1958), sau rau ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm B. Sruoga zaj yeeb yaj kiab "The Predawn Share" (libre. I. Matskonis). Lub opera yog ua raws li ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Lithuanian - kev ua phem rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Samogitian cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv 1769. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm no, Dalia Radailaite, tuag, nyiam kev tuag rau kev ua cev qhev.

"Thaum koj mloog cov suab paj nruag ntawm Dvarionas, koj xav tias tus kws sau nkauj tau nkag mus rau hauv nws cov neeg, qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws thaj av, keeb kwm, nws niaj hnub no. Nws yog zoo li lub plawv ntawm haiv neeg Lithuania qhia tag nrho cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab intimate los ntawm lub suab paj nruag ntawm nws feem ntau txawj sau ntawv ... Dvarionas rightfully occupies nws tshwj xeeb, tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lithuanian suab paj nruag. Nws txoj hauj lwm tsis yog tsuas yog cov nyiaj kub ntawm kev kos duab ntawm lub koom pheej. Nws adorns tag nrho multinational Soviet suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai. " (E. Svetlanov).

N. Aleksenko