Zakhary Petrovych Paliashvili (Zachary Paliashvili) |

Zachary Paliashvili

Zakhary Paliashvili yog thawj zaug hauv kev tshaj lij suab paj nruag los qhib cov lus zais ntawm ntau pua xyoo-laus suab paj nruag lub zog ntawm cov neeg Georgian nrog lub zog zoo kawg nkaus thiab nplai thiab rov qab lub zog no rau tib neeg… A. Tsulukidze

Z. Paliashvili hu ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws classic ntawm Georgian suab paj nruag, piv nws qhov tseem ceeb rau Georgian kab lis kev cai nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm M. Glinka hauv Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag. Nws tej hauj lwm embody tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg Georgian, muaj kev hlub ntawm lub neej thiab indomitable siab rau kev ywj pheej. Paliashvili nteg lub hauv paus ntawm ib lub teb chaws suab paj nruas hom lus, organically sib txuas cov style ntawm ntau yam peasant pej xeem zaj nkauj (Gurian, Megrelian, Imeretian, Svan, Kartalino-Kakhetian), nroog pej xeem thiab artistic txhais tau tias ntawm Georgian choral epic nrog lub compositional tswv yim. Western European thiab Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fruitful rau Paliashvili yog lub assimilation ntawm lub richest muaj tswv yim kab lig kev cai ntawm lub composers ntawm lub Mighty Handful. Ua nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Georgian kev suab paj nruag, Paliashvili txoj hauj lwm muab ib tug ncaj thiab nyob txuas ntawm nws thiab lub Soviet suab paj nruas kos duab ntawm Georgia.

Paliashvili yug hauv Kutaisi hauv tsev neeg ntawm pawg ntseeg chorister, 6 ntawm nws 18 tus menyuam yaus los ua kws ntaus nkauj. Txij thaum yau, Zachary tau hu nkauj hauv pawg hu nkauj, ua kev sib haum xeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv pawg ntseeg. Nws thawj tus kws qhia suab paj nruag yog tus kws ntaus nkauj Kutaisi F. Mizandari, thiab tom qab tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Tiflis xyoo 1887, nws tus tij laug Ivan, tom qab ntawd yog tus thawj coj nto moo, tau kawm nrog nws. Lub suab paj nruag lub neej ntawm Tiflis tau tshwm sim ntau heev hauv cov xyoo ntawd. Tiflis ceg ntawm RMO thiab lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag xyoo 1882-93. coj los ntawm M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, P. Tchaikovsky thiab lwm tus neeg ntaus suab paj nruag Lavxias feem ntau tuaj nrog concerts. Kev nthuav qhia kev ua yeeb yam tau ua los ntawm Georgian Choir, tsim los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm Georgian suab paj nruag L. Agniashvili. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no uas tsim lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composers coj qhov chaw.

Nws cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws - cov tub ntxhais hluas suab paj nruag M. Balanchivadze, N. Sulkhanishvili, D. Arakishvili, Z. Paliashvili pib lawv txoj haujlwm nrog kev kawm txog suab paj nruag pej xeem. Paliashvili tau taug kev mus rau qhov chaw deb tshaj plaws thiab nyuaj mus txog qhov chaw ntawm Georgia, sau cia kwv yees. 300 zaj nkauj. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau luam tawm tom qab (1910) ib phau ntawm 40 Georgian pej xeem nkauj hauv pej xeem kev sib haum xeeb.

Paliashvili tau txais nws txoj kev kawm ua ntej ntawm Tiflis Musical College (1895-99) nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm horn thiab suab paj nruag txoj kev xav, ces nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory nyob rau hauv S. Taneyev. Thaum nyob hauv Moscow, nws tau tsim ib pawg hu nkauj ntawm Georgian cov tub ntxhais kawm uas ua yeeb yam pej xeem hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj.

Rov qab mus rau Tiflis, Paliashvili pib ua haujlwm cua daj cua dub. Nws qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, nyob rau hauv ib gymnasium, qhov chaw uas nws ua ib tug hu nkauj thiab ib txoj hlua orchestra los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Xyoo 1905, nws tau koom nrog kev tsim ntawm Georgian Philharmonic Society, yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm lub zej zog no (1908-17), ua yeeb yam los ntawm European composers staged thawj zaug hauv Georgian. Qhov haujlwm loj no txuas ntxiv tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Paliashvili yog ib tug xibfwb thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Tbilisi Conservatory nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo (1919, 1923, 1929-32).

Nyob rau hauv 1910, Paliashvili pib ua hauj lwm rau thawj opera Abesalom thiab Eteri, lub premiere ntawm uas nyob rau lub ob hlis ntuj 21, 1919 los ua ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb. Lub hauv paus rau lub libretto, tsim los ntawm tus naas ej Georgian xib fwb thiab pej xeem daim duab P. Mirianashvili, yog tus masterpiece ntawm Georgian lus dab neeg, lub epic Eteriani, ib zaj paj huam tshwm sim txog kev hlub dawb huv thiab sublime. (Georgian art tau rov hais dua rau nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus kws sau paj huam hauv tebchaws V. Pshavela.) Kev hlub yog lub ntsiab lus nyob mus ib txhis thiab zoo nkauj! Paliashvili muab nws cov nplai ntawm kev ua yeeb yam epic, noj cov monumental Kartalo-Kakhetian choral epic thiab Svan melodies ua lub hauv paus rau nws cov suab paj nruag embodiment. Nthuav choral scenes tsim ib tug monolithic architectonics, evoking koom haum nrog lub majestic monuments ntawm ancient Georgian architecture, thiab ritual spectacles yog reminiscent ntawm cov kab lig kev cai ntawm ancient lub teb chaws festivities. Georgian melos permeates tsis tsuas yog suab paj nruag, tsim kom muaj xim tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj suav tias yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam.

Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, 1923, lub premiere ntawm Paliashvili thib ob opera Daisi (Twilight, lib. los ntawm Georgian playwright V. Gunia) tau tshwm sim hauv Tbilisi. Qhov kev txiav txim tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1927th. nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Lezgins thiab muaj, nrog rau txoj kev hlub-lyrical kab, pej xeem heroic-patriotic pawg scenes. Lub opera nthuav tawm raws li cov saw ntawm cov nkauj, ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam, txhua hnub ntu, ntxim nyiam nrog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov suab paj nruag, ib txwm sib txuas cov txheej txheem ntau haiv neeg ntawm Georgian cov neeg pluag thiab cov neeg hauv nroog. Paliashvili ua tiav nws qhov thib peb thiab kawg opera Latavra ntawm ib tug heroic-patriotic zajlus raws li ib tug ua si los ntawm S. Shanshiashvili nyob rau hauv 10. Yog li, lub opera yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub composer lub muaj tswv yim nyiam, txawm hais tias Paliashvili sau suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lwm yam hom thiab. Nws yog tus sau ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm romances, choral tej hauj lwm, uas yog lub cantata "Rau 1928th ib xyoos ntawm Soviet hwj chim". Txawm tias thaum nws kawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nws tau sau ob peb preludes, sonatas, thiab nyob rau hauv XNUMX, raws li Georgian lus dab neeg, nws tsim "Georgian Suite" rau orchestra. Thiab tsis tau nws yog nyob rau hauv lub opera uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws artistic tshawb nrhiav tau ua, cov kab lig kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws suab paj nruag raug tsim.

Paliashvili yog faus rau hauv lub vaj ntawm Tbilisi Opera House, uas dais nws lub npe. Los ntawm qhov no, cov neeg Georgian qhia lawv txoj kev hwm rau cov classics ntawm lub teb chaws opera kos duab.

O. Averyanova