Suab paj nruag loj: nws hom thiab npe

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog lub suab paj nruag loj - tus lej qhia ntawm lub 'meter', nrog rau yuav ua li cas suav thiab coj nyob rau hauv ntau meters, tab sis ua ntej peb yuav rov hais dua me ntsis dab tsi pulse, meter, muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog neeg ntaus.

Nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem dhau los, peb twb tau tham txog qhov tseeb hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab paj nruag yog ib tug uniform pulsation. Pulse beats tuaj yeem muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog, thiab muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog beats alternate tsis nyob ntawm random, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib co nruj qauv.

Tus account ntawm cov muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog shares

Cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog: 1 muaj zog ntaus, 1 qaug zog lossis 1 muaj zog thiab 2 tsis muaj zog. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, cov mem tes ntaus raug suav rov qab (xws li thawj-thib ob lossis thawj-thib ob-thib peb, xws li hauv kev qhia lub cev). Thiab txhua lub tshuab muaj zog yog thawj zaug. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus neeg ntaus tsis muaj zog, suav tau khaws cia txog li ob, txog peb, lossis mus rau lwm tus nqi, kom txog thaum lub sijhawm muaj zog tuaj dua. Xws li suav cov neeg ntaus (lawv kuj hu ua shares) yog hu ua suab paj nruag meter.

Xav tias tus mem tes ntaus hauv peb lub hlis twg sau ntawv, cia peb sim piav qhia nws qhov kev sib tw hauv cov suab paj nruag suab paj nruag. Hauv daim duab hauv qab no, tag nrho cov neeg ntaus ntawm cov mem tes yog sawv cev los ntawm peb lub hlis twg sau ntawv. Yog hais tias lub tshuab muaj zog, ces nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yog accent kos npe (>), nws zoo li lej "ntau dua" kos npe.

Lub sijhawm los ntawm ib qho downbeat mus rau qhov pib ntawm downbeat tom ntej hauv suab paj nruag hu ua paub cai, cov neeg ntaus sib cais, uas yog, lawv yog delimited ntawm ib leeg barline. Yog li, txoj kab bar ib txwm nyob ua ntej qhov kev sib tw muaj zog, uas txhais tau hais tias txhua qhov kev ntsuas tshiab pib nrog suav ntawm "tus" (uas yog, los ntawm thawj zaug, muaj zog tuav).

Qhov ntsuas thiab ntsuas yog dab tsi?

Meters los yog ntsuas yog yooj yim thiab complex. Tej yam yooj yim - Cov no yog ob feem thiab peb ntu. TABSIS txoj - Cov no yog cov uas muaj ob lossis ntau qhov yooj yim. Ntxiv mus, ob homogeneous meters (piv txwv li, ob peb triples los yog ob doubles) thiab heterogeneous meters (ob thiab triple yog sib xyaw) tuaj yeem txuas.

Lub suab paj nruag yog dab tsi?

lub sijhawm kos npe yog tus lej qhia rau ib 'meter'. Lub sij hawm kos npe ntsuas qhov puv ntawm kev ntsuas (hauv lwm lo lus: pes tsawg daim ntawv yuav tsum haum rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuas, hauv ib "lub thawv"). Qhov loj me feem ntau yog sau ua ob tus lej, uas, zoo li ib feem ntawm lej, nyob ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm tus, tsuas yog tsis muaj qhov sib tsoo (tsis muaj kev faib kos npe). Koj tuaj yeem pom cov piv txwv ntawm xws li nkag hauv daim duab:

Cov lej no txhais li cas?

naj npawb saum toj kawg nkaus hais txog pes tsawg tus neeg ntaus yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuas, uas yog, yuav suav pes tsawg (mus txog ob, mus txog peb, mus txog plaub, mus txog rau rau, thiab lwm yam). Tus lej saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau hais thaum nyeem ntawv raws li tus lej hauv cov poj niam thiab cov npe nominative (uas yog, ob, peb, plaub, tsib, thiab lwm yam)

tus lej hauv qab qhia tau hais tias lub sij hawm ntawm txhua tus ntaus, uas yog, uas sau ntawv peb yuav tsum xav txog thiab uas sau cov mem tes feem ntau ntaus (cov ntawv peb lub hlis twg, ib nrab sau ntawv, yim sau ntawv, thiab lwm yam). Tus lej qis dua thaum nyeem lub sijhawm kos npe yuav tsum tau hais tsis yog tus lej, tab sis raws li lub npe ntawm cov suab paj nruas ntev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv genitive.

Piv txwv ntawm cov npe loj: ob lub hlis twg, peb lub hlis twg, peb yim, plaub lub hlis twg, rau yim, peb thib ob (ib nrab - ntawm no yog qhov zam rau txoj cai), tsib lub hlis, thiab lwm yam.

Cov sij hawm yooj yim kos npe

Cov suab paj nruag yooj yim yog tsim nrog ib lub meter yooj yim, uas yog, qhov ntau thiab tsawg yuav yog ob lossis peb npaug. Piv txwv ntawm qhov loj me: ob thib ob, ob peb lub hlis twg, ob yim, ob lub kaum rau, peb thib ob, peb lub hlis twg, peb yim, peb lub kaum rau, thiab lwm yam.

Loj 2/4 "ob lub quarters" - Qhov no yog lub sijhawm kos npe uas muaj ob qhov kev sib tw thiab txhua qhov sib tw yog sib npaug rau ib daim ntawv qhia peb lub hlis twg. Cov qhab nias yog khaws cia "ib-thiab-ob-thiab." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ob lub hlis twg sau ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv txhua qhov kev ntsuas (tsis muaj ntau thiab tsis tsawg). Tab sis cov ntawv peb lub hlis twg, los yog lawv cov lej, tuaj yeem "s qhab nia" nrog lub sijhawm sib txawv. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov shares lossis ob qho tib si ib zaug tuaj yeem muab faib ua yim lossis kaum rau (nws tuaj yeem ua tau sib txawv), nws tuaj yeem raug faib ua triplets thiab quintuplets. Koj tuaj yeem, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tsis sib cais, tab sis muab ob lub quarters rau hauv ib nrab, koj tuaj yeem sau ntawv nrog dots siv cov cim uas ua rau lub sijhawm sau ntawv.

Muaj peev xwm muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau ib qho kev sib dhos ua ke hauv qhov ntsuas ob peb lub hlis twg. Cia wb mus saib ib co ntawm lawv.

Loj 3/4 "peb lub quarters" - nws muaj peb tus ntaus, thiab txhua qhov sib npaug rau ib daim ntawv peb lub hlis twg. Qhov qhab nia yog "ib-thiab, ob-thiab, peb-thiab." Cov lej ntawm peb lub hlis twg kuj tuaj yeem raug hu rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, koj muab tag nrho peb lub hlis twg sau ntawv rau hauv ib daim ntawv, koj tau txais ib nrab daim ntawv nrog ib teev - qhov no yog daim ntawv ntev tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem sau rau hauv ib qho kev ntsuas nrog lub sijhawm kos npe. Saib qee qhov kev sib tw sau cov kev xaiv rau lub sijhawm no kos npe.

Loj 3/8 "peb yim" - nws zoo li peb-quarters hauv nws peb-feem, tsuas yog ntawm no lub sijhawm ntawm txhua tus yeej ntawm no yog yim, tsis yog peb lub hlis twg. Qhov qhab nia yog "ib-ob-peb". Yim yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua kaum rau yog tias tsim nyog, lossis ua ke rau hauv peb lub hlis twg (yog tias ob lub yim sib txuas) lossis lub quarters nrog lub cim (peb yim sib txuas ib zaug). Common variants ntawm rhythmic filling:

Complex suab paj nruag lub sij hawm kos npe

Qhov feem ntau pom cov meters hauv suab paj nruag yog plaub lub quarters thiab rau yim. Txhua ntawm lawv muaj ob qho yooj yim.

Loj 4/4 "plaub lub quarters" - muaj plaub tus neeg ntaus, thiab lub sijhawm ntawm txhua tus ntaus yog ib daim ntawv peb lub hlis twg. Qhov loj me no tau tsim los ntawm cov lej ntawm ob qhov loj me 2/4, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj ob lub suab - ntawm thawj qhov sib koom thiab thib peb. Thawj ntu hu ua muaj zog, thiab qhov thib peb, uas sib raug rau qhov pib ntawm qhov yooj yim thib ob, hu ua kuj muaj zoguas tsis muaj zog tshaj qhov muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhia rau peb paub qhov ntawd 4/4 lub sij hawm kos npe qee zaum kuj qhia los ntawm ib qho kev kos npe zoo ib yam li tsab ntawv C (qhib lub voj voog).

Loj 6/8 "rau yim" - qhov no yog kev ntsuas rau-tsib, nws yog tsim los ntawm ob qho yooj yim peb-tua, lub pulsation mus rau hauv yim sau ntawv. Qhov kev sib tw muaj zog yog thawj zaug hauv nws, thiab qhov sib tw muaj zog yog qhov thib plaub (qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm thib ob yooj yim kos npe yog 3/8).

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, cov tshuab raj tuaj yeem ntsib lwm tus zoo li lawv: 4/8, 6/4, 9/8, 12/8. Tag nrho cov complex qhov ntev yog tsim raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Piv txwv li, lub sij hawm kos npe 9/8 yog peb qhov ntsuas ntawm 3/8 ntxiv ua ke, 12/8 yog plaub ntawm tib qho kev ntsuas yooj yim.

sib xyaw qhov ntau thiab tsawg

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog tsim thaum tsis zoo ib yam, tab sis qhov sib txawv yooj yim sib txuas ua ke, piv txwv li, ob feem nrog peb feem. Ntawm ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke, plaub sawv tawm, uas ntes lub qhov muag ntau dua li lwm tus. Cov no yog 5/4 thiab 5/8, nrog rau 7/4 thiab 7/8. Qee lub sij hawm, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag tuaj yeem hla ib lub 'meter' 11/4, tab sis qhov no tsis tshua muaj heev (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov kawg chorus "Lub Teeb thiab Hwjchim" los ntawm opera "Lub Snow Maiden" los ntawm NA Rimsky-Korsakov).

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg 5/4 thiab 5/8 ("tsib lub quarters" thiab "tsib yim") - tsib tus neeg ntaus, lawv yog raws li tib txoj cai, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub lub pulsation mus nyob rau hauv lub quarter durations, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam - nyob rau hauv yim. Vim tias qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog qhov nyuaj, lawv muaj ob qhov yooj yim - ob feem thiab peb ntu. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog ua tau, nyob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov yooj yim sawv daws yuav.

Piv txwv li, yog tias 5/4 mus thawj zaug hauv 2/4, thiab tom qab ntawd 3/4, ces qhov kev sib tw muaj zog yuav poob rau ntawm qhov thib peb. Tab sis yog hais tias nyob rau hauv tib qhov kev ntsuas peb feem yog thawj zaug, thiab tom qab ob feem, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib tug kuj muaj zog tuav yuav twb poob rau lub thib plaub, yog li ib tug accent yuav tsum tau hloov, thiab qhov no yuav hloov tag nrho cov sab hauv. lub koom haum sib dhos hauv qhov ntsuas.

Yuav kom tus neeg ua yeeb yam paub txog qhov twg version ntawm lub sijhawm sib xyaw kos npe nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog, hauv cov ntawv sau, ib sab ntawm lub sijhawm kos npe, nws feem ntau tau qhia hauv cov kab ke uas yooj yim meters nws yog tsim los ntawm. Raws li qhov nthuav dav ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nws feem ntau pom tseeb tias dab tsi los ua ntej - 2/4 lossis 3/4. Piv txwv li: 5/4 (2/4 + 3/4) los yog 5/4 (3/4 + 2/4). Tib yam siv rau qhov loj 5/8.

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg 7/4 thiab 7/8 - yog tsim los ntawm peb qhov yooj yim, ib qho yog tripartite, thiab ob qho ntxiv yog ob feem. Xws li lub sij hawm kos npe feem ntau tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem nkauj, qee zaum kuj nyob rau hauv instrumental suab paj nruag los ntawm feem ntau Lavxias teb sab composers.

Variants ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm xya-tsib ntsuas txawv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm peb-tsib 'meter' (feem ntau nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov pib los yog qhov kawg ntawm lub bar, ntau tsawg dua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab).

Peb tau txheeb xyuas cov suab paj nruag tseem ceeb. Ib yam li hauv kev lag luam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm no, tom qab ntawd thaum koj ntsib nrog qee qhov txawv txav, koj yuav tsis poob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tseem muaj tej yam uas koj tsis tau paub, sau koj cov lus nug hauv cov lus. Tej zaum lawv yuav pab txhim kho cov khoom siv no zoo heev.