Umberto Giordano |

Umberto Giordano

Giordano, zoo li ntau ntawm nws lub sijhawm, tseem nyob hauv keeb kwm tus sau ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam, txawm tias nws tau sau ntau tshaj kaum. Cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Puccini overshadowed nws tus cwj pwm coj tus cwj pwm. Giordano cov keeb kwm suav nrog ntau yam sib txawv. Ntawm nws cov operas muaj verist operas, saturated nrog naturalistic passions, zoo li Mascagni's Rural Honour thiab Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Kuj tseem muaj cov suab paj nruag-ua yeeb yam, zoo ib yam li Puccini's operas - nrog kev xav tob dua thiab hloov maj mam, feem ntau raws li keeb kwm kev ua tiav los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Fabkis. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Giordano kuj tig mus rau comic hom.

Umberto Giordano yug hauv 28 (raws li lwm qhov chaw 27) Lub Yim Hli 1867 hauv lub nroog me ntawm Foggia hauv xeev Apulia. Nws tab tom npaj los ua kws kho mob, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum plaub nws txiv tau xa nws mus rau Naples Conservatory ntawm San Pietro Maiella, qhov chaw uas tus kws qhia ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Paolo Serrao, qhia. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, Giordano kawm piano, lub cev thiab violin. Thaum nws kawm, nws tau tsim ib lub suab paj nruag, kev ua yeeb yam thiab ib qho yeeb yam Marina, uas nws tau xa mus rau kev sib tw tshaj tawm xyoo 1888 los ntawm Roman tshaj tawm Edoardo Sonzogno. Mascagni's Rural Honour yeej thawj qhov khoom plig, qhov kev tsim tawm uas tau qhib qhov tshiab - veristic - lub sijhawm hauv Italian suab paj nruag theatre. "Marina" tsis tau txais ib qho khoom plig, nws yeej tsis tau ua tiav, tab sis Giordano, tus yau tshaj ntawm cov neeg koom hauv kev sib tw, tau nyiam cov neeg txiav txim siab, uas tau lees paub Sonzogno tias tus neeg sau hnub nyoog nees nkaum ib xyoos yuav mus deb. Tus tshaj tawm tau pib mloog cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm Giordano thaum Ricordi publishing tsev sib tw nrog Sonzogno luam tawm nws piano Idyll, thiab cov hlua quartet tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm xov xwm ntawm Naples Conservatory. Sonzogno tau caw Giordano, uas tau kawm tiav xyoo no los ntawm kev saib xyuas, mus rau Rome, uas ua si Marina rau nws, thiab tus tshaj tawm tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau kev ua yeeb yam tshiab. Nws tus kheej xaiv lub libretto raws li kev ua si "The Vow" los ntawm tus naas ej Neapolitan kws sau ntawv di Giacomo, uas piav qhia txog lub neej ntawm Neapolitan hauv qab. Tus qauv rau kev ua yeeb yam, hu ua Lub Neej Lost, yog Lub Hwj Chim Hauv Nroog, thiab kev tsim khoom tau tshwm sim hauv Rome hauv 1892, tib hnub li Pagliacci. Tom qab ntawd Lub Neej Lost pom lub teeb ntawm lub teeb pom kev sab nraum Ltalis, hauv Vienna, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua tiav zoo, thiab tsib xyoos tom qab nws tsab thib ob tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub npe The Vow.

Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nrog thawj qhov khoom plig, Giordano tau los ua nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab xyoo 1893 ua yeeb yam thib peb, Regina Diaz, hauv Naples. Nws tau hloov mus rau qhov sib txawv ntawm yav dhau los, txawm hais tias tus kws sau ntawv ntawm Rural Honour ua librettists. Lawv rov ua dua li qub libretto rau hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm, raws li Donizetti tau sau cov nkauj romantic Maria di Rogan ib nrab xyoo dhau los. "Regina Diaz" tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Sonzogno: nws tshaj tawm tus sau nruab nrab thiab deprived nws ntawm cov khoom txhawb nqa. Tus kws sau nkauj txawm txiav txim siab hloov nws txoj haujlwm - los ua tub rog tub rog lossis tus kws qhia fencing (nws tau zoo nrog rab ntaj).

Txhua yam hloov pauv thaum Giordano tus phooj ywg, tus kws sau nkauj A. Franchetti, muab nws lub libretto "Andre Chenier", uas tau tshoov siab Giordano los tsim nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws, ua yeeb yam ntawm La Scala hauv Milan hauv 1896. Ob xyoos thiab ib nrab xyoo tom qab, Fedora premiered hauv Naples. . Nws txoj kev vam meej tau tso cai rau Giordano tsim lub tsev nyob ze ntawm Baveno, hu ua "Villa Fyodor", qhov twg nws cov yeeb yaj kiab tom ntej tau sau. Ntawm lawv yog lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab zajlus - "Siberia" (1903). Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws sau ntawv rov tig mus rau verismo, kos duab ua yeeb yam ntawm kev hlub thiab kev khib nrog kev ua txhaum ntshav hauv Siberian raug nplua. Tib kab tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm Lub Hlis ntawm Mariano (1910), rov ua raws li kev ua si los ntawm di Giacomo. Lwm qhov tig tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1910s: Giordano tig mus rau ib hom ntawv comic thiab dhau ib xyoo caum (1915-1924) tau sau Madame Saint-Gene, Jupiter hauv Pompeii (hauv kev koom tes nrog A. Franchetti) thiab Noj hmo ntawm Jokes. ". Nws qhov kawg ua yeeb yam yog Tus Vaj Ntxwv (1929). Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Giordano tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Academy ntawm Ltalis. Tau ob xyoo tom ntej no, nws tsis tau sau lwm yam ntxiv.

Giordano tuag thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 12, 1948 hauv Milan.

A. Koenigsberg

Cov khoom xyaw:

Ua yeeb yam (12), suav nrog Regina Diaz (1894, Mercadante Theatre, Naples), André Chenier (1896, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Fedora (raws li ua yeeb yam los ntawm V. Sardou, 1898, Lyrico Theatre, Milan), Siberia (Siberia). , 1903, La Scala Theatre, ibid.), Marcella (1907, Lyrico Theatre, ibid.), Madame Saint-Gene (raws li comedy Sardou, 1915, Metropolitan Opera, New York), Jupiter hauv Pompeii (ua ke nrog A . Franchetti, 1921, Rome), Noj hmo Jokes (La cena della beffe, raws li kev ua yeeb yam los ntawm S. Benelli, 1924, La Scala Theatre, Milan), Vaj Ntxwv (Il Re, 1929, ibid); tus neeg dhia tes – “Magic Star” (L'Astro magiсo, 1928, tsis staged); rau orchestra – Piedigrotta, Hymn to the Decade (Inno al Decennale, 1933), Joy (Delizia, unpublished); cov piano; kev sib hlub; suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam.